11月，第七次全國人口普查展開；第三屆進(jìn)博會在上海舉行；三峽工程建設(shè)任務(wù)全面完成；國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制發(fā)布《進(jìn)口冷鏈?zhǔn)称奉A(yù)防性全面消毒工作方案》；深海載人潛水器“奮斗者”號創(chuàng)下新紀(jì)錄；教育部印發(fā)《研究生導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)行為準(zhǔn)則》；《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》正式簽署；華為出售榮耀全部資產(chǎn)；嫦娥五號探測器成功發(fā)射；我國貧困縣全部脫貧；國辦發(fā)文解決老年人面臨的“數(shù)字鴻溝”問題；直播打賞出新規(guī)，要求用戶實(shí)名制。

全國人口普查 national census

China on Sunday started its seventh national census, with about 7 million census takers going door to door to document demographic changes. The census collects data including the name, ID number, gender, marital status, education, and profession of Chinese citizens.
11月1日，第七次全國人口普查正式開始登記，700多萬普查人員走入千家萬戶，登記普查信息。這次普查登記包括姓名、身份證號、性別、婚姻狀態(tài)、受教育程度以及職業(yè)等信息。

【知識點(diǎn)】

全國人口普查（national census）是指在國家統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)（within a defined period），按照統(tǒng)一的方法、統(tǒng)一的項(xiàng)目、統(tǒng)一的調(diào)查表和統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時點(diǎn)（using the same method, categories and survey forms at a set time），對全國人口普遍地、逐戶逐人地進(jìn)行的一次性調(diào)查登記。

普查對象是普查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時點(diǎn)在中華人民共和國境內(nèi)的自然人（the natural persons living within the territory of the People's Republic of China on the standard time point of census）以及在中華人民共和國境外但未定居的中國公民（the Chinese citizens who are outside the territory of the People's Republic of China but have not become permanent residents of the other country），不包括在中華人民共和國境內(nèi)短期停留的境外人員（foreigners who are making a short-term stay within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be excluded）。

首次采取自主填報(bào)

When census takers knock on your door, you can answer the questions by registering the information directly on the smart devices. Or，the census taker will offer you an account number and a QR code so that you can register your information within a certain time.
普查員上門時，住戶可以直接在普查智能設(shè)備上填報(bào)信息，也可以請普查員提供自主填報(bào)的二維碼及自主填報(bào)碼與密碼，在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成自主填報(bào)。

采用多項(xiàng)技術(shù)保護(hù)公民隱私

此次普查采用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)云技術(shù)、云服務(wù)和云應(yīng)用部署，按照國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全等級保護(hù)三級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求進(jìn)行安全管理。

All information collected is filled in through the internet and is directly uploaded to the national database in real-time, eliminating possible human interference.
采集的所有信息通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)填報(bào)，數(shù)據(jù)會被實(shí)時上傳至處理中心，消除了人為干預(yù)的可能性。

Both the mobile end and the server end have adopted highly strict data encryption and desensitization technology so that personal information cannot be hacked or disclosed during the process of data transmission.
信息采集的移動端和服務(wù)器端采取了嚴(yán)密的數(shù)據(jù)加密和脫敏技術(shù)，個人信息不會在數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程中泄露。

雜交水稻 hybrid rice

11月2日，湖南省衡陽市衡南縣清竹村，由“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)的雜交水稻雙季畝產(chǎn)突破1500公斤大關(guān)，其中晚稻品種為第三代雜交水稻。

Despite unfavorable weather conditions this year, the two harvests combined－consisting of early-season and late-season crops－surpassed 22.5 tons per hectare, realizing the goal set earlier this year by renowned agricultural expert Yuan Longping, who has spearheaded research into hybrid rice strains.
雖然今年天氣條件不利，但是早晚稻雙季畝產(chǎn)仍然超過1500公斤（相當(dāng)于每公頃22.5噸），達(dá)到了著名農(nóng)業(yè)專家袁隆平今年早些時候定下的目標(biāo)。袁隆平一直致力于雜交水稻品種的研究。

【單詞講解】

這里的harvest用作名詞表示“（農(nóng)作物的）收成”，與yield可以互換使用。Yield這個詞可以用作名詞和動詞，表示“產(chǎn)量、收益”或者“屈服、投降、退讓”等意思，比如：yield to someone/something（屈服于某人或某事），yield to impulse（一時沖動），yield to pressure（屈服于壓力）；yield a profit（獲得收益），lucrative yield（豐厚的收益），average annual yield（平均年產(chǎn)量）等。

“雜交水稻”hybrid rice中的hybrid是一個用法很多的名詞，除了表示“（動植物的）雜交品種”以外，還可以表示“（使用多種動力來源的）混合動力車”，比如：Most car manufacturers now offer hybrids.（大多數(shù)汽車廠商現(xiàn)在都提供混合動力車型）。

對于這個產(chǎn)量，90歲的袁隆平院士在與測產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場5G視頻連線時表示：

The fresh record means a 1-hectare hybrid rice field can feed as many as 75 people.
新紀(jì)錄意味著一畝地可以養(yǎng)活5個人（相當(dāng)于一公頃地養(yǎng)活75個人）。

I am more than excited and extremely satisfied with the results.
這個結(jié)果我非常滿意，很激動。

The next goal is to promote the experiences of Hengnan county and plant the advanced rice variety in other rice-producing regions in China, contributing to safeguarding the country's food security.
我們下面進(jìn)一步把品種、經(jīng)驗(yàn)在全國其他稻米產(chǎn)區(qū)推廣開來，為國家的糧食安全作出新的貢獻(xiàn)。

據(jù)了解，第三代雜交水稻技術(shù)被袁隆平看作是突破畝產(chǎn)“天花板”的關(guān)鍵。專家認(rèn)為，第三代雜交水稻的“基因強(qiáng)大”，具有高產(chǎn)（high-yielding）、抗病（disease-resistant）、抗寒（cold resistant）、抗倒（lodging resistant）等特點(diǎn)。

雜交水稻技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，為解決我國糧食問題做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

China now feeds around 20 percent of the world's population with less than 9 percent of the world's arable land.
中國現(xiàn)在用全球不到9%的耕地養(yǎng)活全世界約20%的人口。

Yuan, who developed the world's first hybrid rice in the 1970s, has set multiple world records in hybrid rice yields in previous years, making great contributions to the food security of China and the world.
袁隆平在上世紀(jì)70年代研發(fā)出全世界第一個雜交水稻品種，過去幾年間，他研發(fā)的雜交水稻產(chǎn)量多次創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄，為中國和全世界的糧食安全作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。

第三屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會 the third China International Import Expo

11月4日，第三屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會（the third China International Import Expo）暨虹橋國際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇（the Hongqiao International Economic Forum）開幕式將在上海舉行。

看點(diǎn)一：“進(jìn)博朋友圈”擴(kuò)大，參展企業(yè)質(zhì)量更高

Though affected by COVID-19, this year's CIIE is attracting global exhibitors in droves. Nearly 50 Fortune 500 and industry-leading companies are participating for the first time, as well as international debuts of hundreds of new products, technologies and services.
盡管受到全球新冠肺炎疫情影響，但各國企業(yè)參展積極踴躍。近50家世界500強(qiáng)和行業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)首次參展，還有數(shù)百個新產(chǎn)品、新技術(shù)和新服務(wù)全球首發(fā)。

【知識點(diǎn)】

中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會（China International Import Expo，CIIE），是迄今為止世界上第一個以進(jìn)口為主題的國家級展會（the world’s first import expo held at the national level），是國際貿(mào)易發(fā)展史上一大創(chuàng)舉。舉辦中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會，是中國著眼于推動新一輪高水平對外開放作出的重大決策（an important decision made by China to pursue a new round of high-level opening-up），是中國主動向世界開放市場的重大舉措。這體現(xiàn)了中國支持多邊貿(mào)易體制、推動發(fā)展自由貿(mào)易的一貫立場（China’s consistent position of supporting the multilateral trading system and promoting free trade），是中國推動建設(shè)開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、支持經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的實(shí)際行動（a concrete action by China to advance an open world economy and support economic globalization）。

看點(diǎn)二：六大展區(qū)“硬核”展品吸睛

The expo's total exhibition area has been expanded by 30,000 square meters, covering six exhibitions－food and agricultural products, automobiles, equipment, consumer goods, healthcare and services.
本屆進(jìn)博會總展覽面積比上屆擴(kuò)大近3萬平方米，設(shè)立六大展區(qū)：食品及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品展區(qū)、汽車展區(qū)、技術(shù)裝備展區(qū)、消費(fèi)品展區(qū)、醫(yī)療器械及醫(yī)藥保健展區(qū)、服務(wù)貿(mào)易展區(qū)。

看點(diǎn)三：四大專區(qū)緊扣市場熱點(diǎn)

Four new special sections will debut including public health and epidemic prevention, energy saving and environmental protection, smart transportation and sporting/gaming.
第三屆進(jìn)博會新設(shè)公共衛(wèi)生防疫、節(jié)能環(huán)保、智慧出行和體育用品及賽事等4個專區(qū)。

看點(diǎn)四：采購商達(dá)40萬人，結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化

Altogether, 112,000 domestic companies from across the country have formed 39 trade missions, and total registered professional buyers reached 400,000.
今年專業(yè)采購商達(dá)到40萬人，共組建39個交易團(tuán)，注冊單位11.2萬家。

Two-thirds of them come from the country's three major economic engines－the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and nearly 1,400 of the companies import more than $100 million in goods annually.
報(bào)名注冊的采購商中，有三分之二來自于長三角、粵港澳大灣區(qū)以及京津冀地區(qū)，年進(jìn)口額1億美元以上的有近1400家。

看點(diǎn)五：線上與線下結(jié)合，商業(yè)與文化交融

Themed on dealing with common challenges through collaboration, the Hongqiao International Economic Forum will be held during the expo, with some high-level politicians, business executives and experts attending the forum online.
進(jìn)博會期間，將圍繞合作應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)主題舉辦虹橋國際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇，一些政府高官、企業(yè)高管以及專家等將通過線上方式出席論壇。

An Italy business delegation will attend the third CIIE with 55 world intangible cultural heritages and more than 80 exhibitors.
意大利商務(wù)代表團(tuán)將帶著該國55個由聯(lián)合國教科文組織認(rèn)定的世界文化遺產(chǎn)和88個參展商參加本屆進(jìn)博會。

看點(diǎn)六：強(qiáng)化疫情防控，嚴(yán)格管理食品冷鏈

All expo participants will need to take COVID-19 testing, temperature checks and submit health declarations. Visitors from overseas will undergo a 14-day quarantine.
所有參展參會人員進(jìn)行全員核酸檢測，體溫檢查并提交健康申明。入境人員需進(jìn)行14天隔離。

In the expo venue, five medical stations and 26 temporary observation zones will be stationed by 400 medics. Across the city, 33 hospitals were designated to handle any emergency cases from the expo.
在場館內(nèi)設(shè)置5個醫(yī)療站，此外還增設(shè)了26個臨時觀察點(diǎn)，共有400名醫(yī)護(hù)人員值守。上海還指定了33家醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)作為定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院應(yīng)對突發(fā)情況。

和往屆進(jìn)博會不同，今年進(jìn)博會展區(qū)內(nèi)將不零售冷凍生鮮食品（fresh & frozen food），禁止試吃未經(jīng)“全熟加工”的冷凍生鮮食品。

三峽工程 the Three Gorges project

China's Ministry of Water Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission announced the official full completion of the project's construction, saying the Three Gorges project has met all design requirements, has a good overall performance, and fulfills the key roles of flood control, electricity generation, shipping and water-resource utilization.
水利部、國家發(fā)展改革委公布，三峽工程建設(shè)任務(wù)全面完成，工程質(zhì)量滿足規(guī)程規(guī)范和設(shè)計(jì)要求，運(yùn)行持續(xù)保持良好狀態(tài)，防洪、發(fā)電、航運(yùn)、水資源利用等綜合效益全面發(fā)揮。

【知識點(diǎn)】

三峽工程（the Three Gorges project）全稱為長江三峽水利樞紐工程。整個工程包括一座混凝重力式大壩（concrete gravity structure），泄水閘（sluice gate），一座堤后式水電站（hydropower station at dam toe），一座永久性通航船閘（navigation lock）和一架升船機(jī)（lifter）。三峽工程建筑由大壩、水電站廠房和通航建筑物三大部分組成。大壩壩頂總長3035米，壩高185米。三峽工程是迄今為止世界上規(guī)模最大的水利樞紐工程（the world's biggest water conservancy project）和綜合效益最廣泛的水電工程（a hydropower project with widespread benefits）。

監(jiān)測表明，攔河大壩及泄洪消能（flood drainage）、引水發(fā)電（water diversion and power generation）、通航（navigation）及茅坪溪防護(hù)工程等主要建筑物工作性態(tài)正常，機(jī)電系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)備運(yùn)行安全穩(wěn)定。

防洪

By the end of August, the dam had held back 180 billion cubic meters of water during flood seasons. It saw inflows of over 70,000 cubic meters per second in 2010,2012 and this year and reduced flood peaks by about 40 percent, the review said, greatly easing flood-control pressure in downstream rice-growing areas.
至2020年8月底，三峽水庫累計(jì)攔洪總量超過1800億立方米。2010年、2012年、2020年入庫最大洪峰均超過70000立方米每秒，經(jīng)過水庫攔蓄，削減洪峰約40%，極大減輕了長江中下游稻米產(chǎn)區(qū)防洪壓力。

發(fā)電

The world's largest hydropower station, the dam had generated over 1.35 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity by August, contributing to electricity supply in Central and East China and in Guangdong province.
三峽電站是世界上總裝機(jī)容量最大的水電站。截至2020年8月底，三峽電站累計(jì)發(fā)電量超過13500億千瓦時，有力支持了華東、華中、廣東等地區(qū)電力供應(yīng)。

水資源利用

During dry seasons, discharges have been raised to more than 5,500 cubic meters per second, providing more than 20 billion cubic meters of water a year for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
三峽水庫每年枯水季節(jié)下泄流量提高到5500立方米每秒以上，為長江中下游補(bǔ)水200多億立方米。

By the end of August, the reservoir had provided replenishment for 2,267 days, with a total water supply of 289.4 billion cubic meters, optimizing production, living conditions and the ecology of the river's middle and lower reaches, the review said.
截至2020年8月底累計(jì)補(bǔ)水2267天，補(bǔ)水總量2894億立方米，改善了中下游地區(qū)生產(chǎn)、生活和生態(tài)用水條件。

【單詞講解】

這里的replenishment表示“the act of filling something up again by replacing what has been used”，也就是“補(bǔ)給；重新補(bǔ)足”等意思，比如： product replenishment（補(bǔ)貨），Bone marrow plays an important role in the constant replenishment of red blood cells.（骨髓在持續(xù)補(bǔ)充紅細(xì)胞方面發(fā)揮重要作用）。

生態(tài)與環(huán)境保護(hù)

Electricity produced by the power station was equivalent to that from burning 430 million metric tons of standard coal, leading to a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
至2020年8月底，三峽電站發(fā)出的優(yōu)質(zhì)清潔電力能源相當(dāng)于節(jié)約標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤4.30億噸，節(jié)能減排效益顯著。

航運(yùn)

The project has also significantly improved navigation conditions and bolstered shipping capacity and freight volume in the Yangtze, the review said. By August, some 1.48 billion tons of cargo had passed through the Three Gorges Dam, boosting development in the Yangtze's economic belt.
三峽工程顯著改善了川江航道通航條件，過閘貨運(yùn)量快速增長，截至2020年8月底，累計(jì)過閘貨運(yùn)量14.8億噸，有力推動了長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展。

搬遷安置

The production and living environments of the 1.31 million people who were relocated to make way for the Three Gorges project have been greatly improved, and infrastructure and public service facilities in the reservoir area have developed rapidly, it said.
131萬搬遷安置移民生產(chǎn)生活狀況顯著改善，庫區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共服務(wù)設(shè)施實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。