談“匿名”
英語世界官網(wǎng) 2020-11-15 10:00
作者:王逢鑫
“匿名”這個(gè)詞使用越來越廣泛。與“實(shí)名”的意思相反,“匿名”的意思是“不署名或不署真實(shí)姓名,以隱瞞真實(shí)姓名或身份”。英語形容詞anonymous、副詞anonymously、名詞anonymity 都有“匿名”的意思。例如:
1. You can remain anonymous if you wish.
如果你愿意,可以不透露姓名。
2. These photographs were sent anonymously to the magazine’s headquarters.
這些照片以匿名方式被送到了該雜志的總部。
3. The expert thinks that there is no way to truly rid the Internet of anonymity.
這位專家認(rèn)為,沒有辦法可以真正使互聯(lián)網(wǎng)擺脫匿名的特點(diǎn)。
人們?yōu)榱瞬煌哪康亩澳涿保?或出于善意,或出于惡意。anonymous等詞在不同語境中既有褒義,也有貶義。
anonymous的第一個(gè)含義是表示當(dāng)事者在投票、評(píng)審和調(diào)查等活動(dòng)中維護(hù)公平原則,即 for the sake of fairness。例如:
4. Five professors made anonymous assessment of the PhD candidate’s dissertation.
五位教授匿名評(píng)審了這名博士生的學(xué)位論文。
anonymous的第二個(gè)含義是表示當(dāng)事者幫助人做好事不留名,即for the sake of benefit。例如:
5. Thanks to an anonymous donor, the school for children of migrant workers was able to purchase some blackboards, a table-tennis table and a computer.
多虧了一位匿名捐贈(zèng)者,這個(gè)打工子弟學(xué)校才能購買一些黑板、一張乒乓球桌和一臺(tái)電腦。
anonymous的第三個(gè)含義是表示當(dāng)事者為了自身安全而做事(如舉報(bào))不留名,即for the sake of safety。例如:
6. The drug dealer was arrested by the police after an anonymous tip-off.
有人匿名舉報(bào)后,這個(gè)毒品販子被警方逮捕。
anonymous的第四個(gè)含義是表示當(dāng)事者不愿暴露或不便透露姓名或身份,即due to reluctance。例如:
7. The money was donated to the orphan by a local businessman who wished to remain anonymous.
這筆錢是一位不希望透露姓名的本地商人捐給這個(gè)孤兒的。
anonymous的第五個(gè)含義是表示對(duì)當(dāng)事者的情況不了解,即 due to ignorance。例如:
8. On the morning of his birthday, the young man received an anonymous gift.
生日那天早晨,這個(gè)年青人收到一份匿名的禮物。
unnamed或unknown也有“匿名”的含義。
unnamed的意思是“未提及名字的”。例如:
9. The reporter had an interview with an unnamed official.
這位記者采訪了一位不愿透露姓名的官員。
unknown的意思是“不知姓名的”。例如:
10. The visiting president laid a wreath at the monument to the unknown hero.
這位來訪的總統(tǒng)向無名英雄紀(jì)念碑敬獻(xiàn)了花圈。
“匿名”也可以用 to ask not to be named(要求不透露姓名),not to want to be named(不想透露姓名),to decline to name sb(拒絕點(diǎn)出名字),to decline to be named(拒絕透露姓名),to decline to be identified(拒絕暴露身份)等方法表示。
本文轉(zhuǎn)自《英語世界》官網(wǎng)