新冠病毒核酸檢測移動實驗室 COVID-19 Mobile Laboratory

由清華大學、生物芯片北京國家工程研究中心和北京博奧晶典生物技術有限公司共同自主研發(fā)的國內首款由輕型客車搭載的新冠病毒核酸檢測移動實驗室正式交付。

The COVID-19 Mobile Laboratory can analyze nucleic acid samples on the spot, allowing people to obtain results within 45 minutes.
新冠病毒核酸檢測移動實驗室可現場分析核酸樣本，45分鐘內出結果。

移動實驗室搭載了口腔咽拭子采樣機器人（throat swap sampling robots），由機器人完成口腔咽拭子的采樣，采樣樣本通過快速滅活處理（virus inactivation）后直接加入芯片分析系統(tǒng)（automatic microfluidic chip analyzers），徹底避免了常規(guī)PCR所需的核酸提取、體系配制等反復開蓋及移液操作，最大程度降低了操作人員的感染風險及樣本間發(fā)生交叉污染的風險（lower the risk of virus infection）。為方便檢測結果快速上報，移動實驗室同時配備5G通訊系統(tǒng)（5G communication system）。

使用靈活、便捷

The mobile lab can provide on-site tests for 500 to 2,000 people daily and requires only two staff members and a driver for its operation.
移動實驗室每天可進行500至2000人份現場檢測，只需要兩名工作人員和一名司機就可運轉。

It realizes the point-of-care testing and is particularly useful for frontier ports, communities and villages.
該實驗室可實現即時檢驗，尤其可在邊境口岸、社區(qū)、農村等地區(qū)使用。

【單詞講解】

這里的point-of-care testing是一個醫(yī)學用語，一般稱為“即時檢驗”，在英語里也稱為near patient/ bedside/extra laboratory testing，指在病人旁邊進行的臨床檢測或床邊檢測，是在采樣現場即刻進行分析，省去標本在實驗室檢驗的復雜處理程序，快速得到檢驗結果的一種新方法。

目前一個月能產20臺

The lab is now priced at 2 million yuan each and the current production capacity is about 20 per month.
目前，該實驗室的定價為一臺200萬元，一個月能產20臺。

The cost will be reduced with rising production capacity in the future.
未來，隨著產能提高，價格也將隨之下降。

靜音車廂 quiet carriage

京滬高速鐵路股份有限公司表示，今年年底前，京滬高鐵將推出“靜音車廂”及計次季票等新型票制產品系列服務新舉措。

The quiet carriages are aimed at providing a more tranquil and comfortable ambience for travelers. Passengers willing to obey the rules can choose the "quiet carriage" while booking tickets on the website or mobile app 12306, according to the Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway Co. Ltd.
京滬高速鐵路股份有限公司表示，“靜音車廂”可為旅客提供更加安靜舒適的旅行環(huán)境，愿意遵守相應行為規(guī)范的旅客，通過12306網站和手機客戶端等購票時可自行選擇“靜音車廂”。

【單詞講解】

這里的ambience，讀作[??m.bi.?ns]，也可以拼寫為ambiance，一般指某個地方（或某人）的“氛圍、格調”，即 a feeling or mood associated with a particular place, person, or thing，與atmosphere的意思相近，比如：The restaurant's soft music and candlelight gave it a romantic ambience.餐廳的輕音樂和蠟燭營造出一種浪漫的氛圍。

【知識點：compartment和carriage有什么區(qū)別】

鐵路客車上一節(jié)一節(jié)的車廂在英式英語中一般用coach或carriage表示，美式英語中常用car表示，乘客車廂就是passenger coach或passenger car，臥鋪車廂中獨立的隔間叫compartment?；疖嚿掀渌δ艿能噹€有：行李車廂（baggage car）、餐車（dinning car）、臥鋪車廂（sleeping car）、硬座車廂（chair car）等。

除了“靜音車廂”，京滬高鐵還將推出新型票制產品。

The company will initiate a flexible pricing mechanism, offering preferential ticket prices for commuters and frequent business travelers.
京滬高鐵公司將建立靈活定價機制，為通勤客流以及頻繁出行的商務客流提供票價優(yōu)惠。

自2020年12月23日起，京滬高鐵公司將對京滬高鐵運行時速300～350公里的高鐵動車組列車公布票價進行優(yōu)化調整。根據客流情況（passenger flow），區(qū)分季節(jié)、時段、席別、區(qū)段等，各站間執(zhí)行票價將以公布票價為上限，實行多檔次、靈活升降的票價體系，為旅客出行提供更多選擇。

Under the system, the ticket price for a second-class seat will be between 598 and 498 yuan. For a business class seat, the price will be between 1,998 and 1,748 yuan.
按照新的定價機制，京滬間二等座最低票價498元，最高票價598元；商務座票價在1748元至1998元之間。

手機瀏覽器 browser apps

The Cyberspace Administration of China told operators of the browser apps to conduct self-examinations and rectify problems by Nov 9. The problems include the spreading of rumors, the use of sensational headlines and the dissemination of vulgar content, the statement said.
國家網信辦要求手機瀏覽器運營商在11月9日之前進行自查整改，整改的問題包括，傳播謠言、“標題黨”，以及傳播低俗內容等。

【單詞講解】

“標題黨”多指互聯(lián)網內容發(fā)布時使用各種夸張的語言和引人注目的圖片誘導人們點擊鏈接，完成引流。但點進去你會發(fā)現，里面的故事或新聞多數是假的或者根本就文不對題。在英語中有一個專門的詞來描述這種“標題黨”行為，就是clickbait，即click（點擊）+bait（誘餌）的合成形式，很直觀地表現了誘導你點擊的這個意思。

在英文報道中，我們常說的“三俗”（庸俗、低俗、媚俗）通常用vulgarity and kitsch表示，kitsch 讀作[?kich]，指“迎合低級趣味的事物”，多譯為媚俗?！胺慈住本涂梢杂胊nti-vulgarity campaign 表示。

國家網信辦的公告指出，

For some time, mobile browsers have grown in an uncivilized way, with irregularities in publishing and spreading information. Some have become a gathering place and amplifier for dissemination of chaos by a few self-media accounts that are illegally editing news.
一段時間以來，手機瀏覽器野蠻生長，違規(guī)從事互聯(lián)網新聞信息服務，成為“自媒體”傳播亂象的聚集地和放大器。

此次專項整治對行業(yè)突出問題實施“靶向治療”（targeted treatment），通過督導整改立起“帶電的高壓線”（binding rules），推動手機瀏覽器傳播秩序短期內實現實質性好轉。

自查整改結束后，網信部門將對自查整改情況檢查評估。

If they still have outstanding problems, they'll be dealt with strictly in line with laws and regulations until related businesses are banned
對問題依然突出的手機瀏覽器，將依法依規(guī)嚴肅處置，直至取締相關業(yè)務。

【單詞講解】

看到這里的outstanding，可能有人會覺得我們用錯詞了，outstanding不是“優(yōu)秀的、出色的”意思嗎？其實不然，outstanding作為形容詞還有一個常用的意思就是“尚未完成的，尚待解決的”意思，比如：$450 million in outstanding debts（4.5億美元的未償還債務）， a couple of problems outstanding（尚未解決的一些問題）等。

10月27日，UC、QQ、華為、360、搜狗、小米、vivo、OPPO等8款影響力較大的手機瀏覽器按照國家網信辦要求，統(tǒng)一發(fā)布《自查整改公告》。

公告稱，根據國家網信辦商業(yè)網站平臺和“自媒體”傳播秩序突出問題集中整治工作部署，自即日起至11月9日，對存在的網絡傳播秩序問題進行全面自查，深入整改。

承載量 carrying capacity

China plans to lay down a red line on carrying capacities to cope with potential overtourism at its grotto relics, said heritage and tourism authorities.
國家文物和旅游管理部門表示，將對石窟寺等遺產景區(qū)設置承載量警示線，以解決可能出現的過度旅游問題。

【單詞講解】

這里的carrying capacity原本是生物學領域的一個術語，指“the maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can sustainably support”（一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能夠持續(xù)供養(yǎng)的有機生物體最大量），即“環(huán)境承載力”，超過了這個數量，就可能出現資源短缺，從而導致有機生物體數量下降的情況。在日常生活中，carrying capacity也可以用來表示景區(qū)、公交、地鐵等各種不同場合的“承載量”，比如：carrying capacity of a school bus（校車承載量）、carrying capacity of a scenic spot（景區(qū)承載量）、current carrying capacity（電流負載容量）等。

通知要求，各省級文物行政部門應會同文化和旅游行政部門合理測算、從嚴設定石窟寺景區(qū)游客承載量。游客承載量應包括核心景區(qū)承載量（core areas）、重要區(qū)域(如窟前平臺)承載量（key areas）、各開放洞窟承載量（individual caves）、棧道/游步道承載量（cliff paths at grotto sites），重點洞窟和棧道必須確定瞬時承載量（instantaneous carrying capacity）。

嚴格控制游客數量

The notice listed an array of measures to help control tourist flow, including online reservations, digital ticketing, and staggered visiting times.
通知列出了一些控制客流的措施，包括網絡預約、電子票務、錯峰參觀等。

【單詞講解】

這里的an array of是一個固定搭配的短語，表示“一群，一批，一堆”等意思，比如， an array of perfumes and creams on the table（桌上有各種香水和面霜）， an array of leather shoes in stock（一批皮鞋現貨）等。

Management teams of grotto relics are also encouraged to create digital versions of museums, develop smart relic sites, and introduce VR services to offer better touring experience.
鼓勵石窟寺景區(qū)通過建設數字博物館、智慧景區(qū)以及虛擬體驗等措施，提升游客參觀游覽體驗。

堅持保護第一

通知要求，妥善處理保護利用與旅游開發(fā)的關系（address the relationship between conservation and use and tourism development），避免石窟寺景區(qū)過度商業(yè)化（excessive commercialization）、娛樂化。

十九屆五中全會 the fifth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee

中國共產黨第十九屆中央委員會第五次全體會議，于2020年10月26日至29日在北京舉行。

全會聽取和討論了習近平受中央政治局委托作的工作報告，審議通過了《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發(fā)展第十四個五年規(guī)劃和二〇三五年遠景目標的建議》（proposals for formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035）。

以下為公報雙語要點：

“十三五”規(guī)劃目標任務即將完成，決勝全面建成小康社會取得決定性成就

The work of the Political Bureau was fully acknowledged, says the communique, adding that China has seen its economic growth beat expectations, people's living standards ensured, and the overall situation of society maintained stable over the past year.
全會充分肯定黨的十九屆四中全會以來中央政治局的工作。經濟增長好于預期，人民生活得到有力保障，社會大局保持穩(wěn)定。

“十三五”時期，全面深化改革取得重大突破，全面依法治國取得重大進展，全面從嚴治黨取得重大成果，國家治理體系和治理能力現代化加快推進，中國共產黨領導和我國社會主義制度優(yōu)勢進一步彰顯；經濟實力、科技實力、綜合國力躍上新的大臺階，經濟運行總體平穩(wěn)，經濟結構持續(xù)優(yōu)化：

China's gross domestic product expected to exceed 100 trillion yuan ($14.9 trillion) in 2020
預計二〇二〇年國內生產總值突破一百萬億元；

55.75 million rural residents lifted out of poverty
五千五百七十五萬農村貧困人口實現脫貧；

More than 60 million new urban jobs created
城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)超過六千萬人；

Annual grain output remained above 650 million metric tons for five consecutive years
糧食年產量連續(xù)五年穩(wěn)定在一萬三千億斤以上；

Basic medical insurance covers over 1.3 billion people
基本醫(yī)療保險覆蓋超過十三億人；

Basic old-age insurance covers nearly 1 billion people
基本養(yǎng)老保險覆蓋近十億人

The communique says China is still in an important period of strategic opportunity for development at present and for the foreseeable future, but there are new developments in both opportunities and challenges.
全會認為，當前和今后一個時期，我國發(fā)展仍然處于重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期，但機遇和挑戰(zhàn)都有新的發(fā)展變化。

2035年遠景目標

The session raised a set of long-range objectives for China to basically achieve socialist modernization by 2035.
全會提出了到二〇三五年基本實現社會主義現代化遠景目標。

-- China's economic and technological strength, and composite national strength will increase significantly. A new stride will be made in the growth of the economy and the per capita income of urban and rural residents. Making major breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, China will become a global leader in innovation;
我國經濟實力、科技實力、綜合國力將大幅躍升，經濟總量和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入將再邁上新的大臺階，關鍵核心技術實現重大突破，進入創(chuàng)新型國家前列；

-- New industrialization, IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization will be basically achieved. China will finish building a modernized economy;
基本實現新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農業(yè)現代化，建成現代化經濟體系；

-- The modernization of China's system and capacity for governance will be basically achieved. The people's rights to participate and to develop as equals will be adequately protected. The rule of law for the country, the government, and society will be basically in place;
基本實現國家治理體系和治理能力現代化，人民平等參與、平等發(fā)展權利得到充分保障，基本建成法治國家、法治政府、法治社會；

-- China will become a strong country in culture, education, talent, sports and health. The well-rounded development of all people and social etiquette and civility will be significantly enhanced. China's cultural soft power will grow much stronger;
建成文化強國、教育強國、人才強國、體育強國、健康中國，國民素質和社會文明程度達到新高度，國家文化軟實力顯著增強；

-- Eco-friendly ways of work and life will be advanced to cover all areas of society. Carbon emission will steadily decline after reaching a peak, and there will be a fundamental improvement in the environment with the goal of building a Beautiful China basically reached;
廣泛形成綠色生產生活方式，碳排放達峰后穩(wěn)中有降，生態(tài)環(huán)境根本好轉，美麗中國建設目標基本實現；

-- The opening-up will reach a new stage with substantial growth of the country's strengths for participating in international economic cooperation and competition;
形成對外開放新格局，參與國際經濟合作和競爭新優(yōu)勢明顯增強；

-- The per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries. The size of the middle-income group will be significantly expanded. Equitable access to basic public services will be ensured. Disparities in urban-rural development, in development between regions, and in living standards will be significantly reduced;
人均國內生產總值達到中等發(fā)達國家水平，中等收入群體顯著擴大，基本公共服務實現均等化，城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展差距和居民生活水平差距顯著縮?。?/p>

-- The implementation of the Peaceful China initiative will be promoted to a higher level. The modernization of national defense and the military will be basically achieved;
平安中國建設達到更高水平，基本實現國防和軍隊現代化；

-- People will lead a better life, and more notable and substantial progress will be achieved in promoting well-rounded human development and achieving common prosperity for everyone.
人民生活更加美好，人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕取得更為明顯的實質性進展。

“十四五”經濟社會發(fā)展主要目標

The session also laid down a set of guiding principles to be followed, and major economic and social development targets for the next five years.
全會提出了“十四五”時期經濟社會發(fā)展指導思想和必須遵循的原則，以及經濟社會發(fā)展主要目標。

For the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China will speed up fostering a new development pattern where domestic and foreign markets can boost each other, with the domestic market as the mainstay, the communique says.
“十四五”時期，加快構建以國內大循環(huán)為主體、國內國際雙循環(huán)相互促進的新發(fā)展格局。

China will strive to make new strides in economic development during the period. It aims to realize sustained and healthy economic development on the basis of a marked improvement in quality and efficiency.
經濟發(fā)展取得新成效，在質量效益明顯提升的基礎上實現經濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。

With new steps to be taken in reform and opening up, China will further improve its socialist market economy and basically complete the building of a high-standard market system.
改革開放邁出新步伐，社會主義市場經濟體制更加完善，高標準市場體系基本建成。

China's social etiquette and civility shall be further enhanced, while the core socialist values shall be embraced by the people. The country aims to make new progress in building an ecological civilization, boost the well-being of people, and enhance governance capacity.
社會文明程度得到新提高，社會主義核心價值觀深入人心。生態(tài)文明建設實現新進步，民生福祉達到新水平，國家治理效能得到新提升。

全會提出12項重要舉措：

Uphold the central role of innovation in the modernization drive and implementing the innovation-driven development strategy.
堅持創(chuàng)新在我國現代化建設全局中的核心地位，深入實施創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略;

Continue to take the real economy as the focus of its economic development, unswervingly build itself into a manufacturer of quality and enhance its strength in cyberspace and digital technology.
堅持把發(fā)展經濟著力點放在實體經濟上，堅定不移建設制造強國、質量強國、網絡強國、數字中國;

Nurture a strong domestic market and establish a new development pattern,
形成強大國內市場，構建新發(fā)展格局；

Comprehensively deepen reform in pursuit of a high-level socialist market economy,
全面深化改革，構建高水平社會主義市場經濟體制；

Prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas, fully advance rural vitalization,
優(yōu)先發(fā)展農業(yè)農村，全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興；

Push forward coordinated regional development and a new type of urbanization, among others.
推進區(qū)域協(xié)調發(fā)展和新型城鎮(zhèn)化；

Promote the country's cultural soft power,
提高國家文化軟實力；

Advance green development,
推動綠色發(fā)展；

Pursue a new round of high-level opening-up
實行高水平對外開放；

Further improve the quality of people's lives,
改善人民生活品質；

Coordinate development and security,
統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展和安全；

Speed up the modernization of national defense and the military.
加快國防和軍隊現代化。

The communique stresses that the overall leadership of the CPC must be upheld to realize the 14th Five-Year Plan and achieve the long-range objectives set for 2035.
全會強調，實現“十四五”規(guī)劃和二〇三五年遠景目標，必須堅持黨的全面領導。

It also says that China is committed to maintaining lasting prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao as well as advancing the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and national reunification.
要保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩(wěn)定，推進兩岸關系和平發(fā)展和祖國統(tǒng)一。

China will hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and strive to create a favorable external environment and promote the building of a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for humanity, it adds.
要高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏旗幟，積極營造良好外部環(huán)境，推動構建新型國際關系和人類命運共同體。