旅行安全 travel safety

Currently, on the Chinese mainland, the virus can only be found in hospitalized patients, people placed under medical observation and laboratories, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said during an interview with China Central Television.
中國疾病預防控制中心流行病學首席專家吳尊友接受央視采訪時表示：“中國境內(nèi)存在新冠病毒的地方，主要是在隔離或住院的病人當中，和(相關的)實驗室里。”

"It is now impossible to contract the virus in social environments, including schools and workplaces," he said. "There is no need to place extra restrictions on tourists out of concern for COVID-19 infections, though necessary travel safety precautions should be taken due to large gatherings."
他表示：“復學也好、復工復產(chǎn)也好，在社會層面是不可能感染新冠病毒的。從新冠肺炎防控角度來看，國慶節(jié)到各地去旅游應該沒有什么特別限制和需要警惕的。由于國慶節(jié)人多，旅行安全還是要給予高度重視?！?/p>

【單詞講解】

這里的out of concern for表示“出于對...的擔憂”，concern作為動詞和名詞都表示“擔憂、關心”等意思，比如：The problem concerns us all.（這個問題與我們所有人相關）；Her ill health concerns me.（她身體不好，讓我擔心）；It's no concern of yours/none of your concern.（與你無關）。寫作的時候用來表達觀點的一個常用詞組就是as far as (someone) is concerned（在某人看來）；如果把這個搭配里面的someone換成something，變成as far as (something) is concerned，表示“就...而言”，比如：He has no worries as far as money is concerned.（在錢方面，他沒什么可擔心的）。

國家衛(wèi)健委通報，截至9月13日，中國境內(nèi)已連續(xù)29天無本土新增新冠肺炎確診病例（no new locally transmitted infections for 29 consecutive days ）。

吳尊友表示：

After months of exploring and practicing strategies aimed at fending off imported infections, China has improved its knowledge in this aspect and is capable of gradually increasing incoming flights.
在防范輸入病例方面，經(jīng)過數(shù)月的探索和實踐，我國已經(jīng)提升了這方面的認知，也有能力逐步增加入境航班數(shù)量。

All incoming travelers will be managed in a closed-off loop and will not pose risks to local residents.
所有入境旅客都會進行閉環(huán)管理，不會為當?shù)鼐用駧砦ｋU。

住房租賃條例 rental housing rules

9月7日，住建部發(fā)布通知就《住房租賃條例（征求意見稿）》向社會公開征求意見。

The draft regulation is designed to protect the lawful interests of tenants and landlords. One of its provisions says the interior decoration of apartments should meet national standards and not pose a risk to tenants' health.
該條例旨在保護租客和房東的合法權益。其中一條規(guī)定，出租住房的室內(nèi)裝修應當符合國家有關標準，不得危及承租人的人身健康。

【單詞講解】

這里的pose a risk to就是“危及...”，我們也可以用put someone/something at risk或者endanger someone/something來替換，比如上文中的pose a risk to tenants' health就可以替換成put tenants' health at risk/endanger tenants' health。

以下是該條例的其他一些亮點：

Landlords should not rent kitchens, bathrooms, balconies or basements for tenants to live in, and landlords should show their ID and real estate ownership certificates to tenants before a lease is signed. Tenants should also show their ID to landlords.
廚房、衛(wèi)生間、陽臺和地下儲藏室等非居住空間，不得出租用于居住。簽訂住房租賃合同前，出租人應當向承租人出示身份證明、不動產(chǎn)權屬證書等證明住房權利歸屬的材料。承租人應當向出租人出示身份證明。

Landlords who collect deposits from tenants should include the amount and its time of refund in contracts.
出租人收取押金的，應當在住房租賃合同中約定押金的數(shù)額和返還時間。

Landlords should not enter a rented apartment without the tenant's consent, the draft says.
未經(jīng)承租人同意，出租人不得擅自進入租賃住房。

Landlords should also take on the responsibility of apartment maintenance unless they have agreed otherwise with tenants.
出租人應當履行租賃住房的維修義務，但當事人另有約定的除外。

Tenants should abide by laws and regulations and not damage or dismantle fire safety facilities or make alterations to apartments' load-bearing structures, it says.
承租人應當遵守法律、法規(guī)的規(guī)定，合理使用租賃住房，不得損壞、擅自拆除消防設施或者改動房屋承重結構。

The lease between tenant and landlord should be registered in the online real estate rental system.
出租人和承租人簽訂住房租賃合同的，應當通過房屋網(wǎng)簽備案系統(tǒng)進行備案。

【單詞講解】

這里的lease本身就有“租約”的意思，因此沒必要在后面加contract或agreement等表示“協(xié)議、合同”的詞，比如：We signed a three-year lease when we moved into the house.（我們搬進這個房子的時候簽了三年的租約）。The lease runs out/expires in two years' time.（租約兩年后到期）。另外，lease也可以用作動詞或名詞，表示“租賃（車、房子等）”，比如我們在影視劇中經(jīng)?？吹椒孔哟蛩愠鲎庖院缶蜁谕饷媪⒁粋€牌子，上面寫著“For Lease”就是表示“此房出租”，如果寫的是“For Sale”就是（此房出售）。用作動詞的時候后面可以直接跟租賃的對象，比如：It was agreed they would lease the apartment to him/lease him the apartment.（他們同意把房子租給他）。

Real estate agents should not coax or force tenants into applying for loans to pay rents by offering rent discounts or other measures, and they must not include any mention of such loans in leases.
住房租賃企業(yè)不得以隱瞞、欺騙、強迫等方式要求承租人使用住房租金貸款，不得以租金優(yōu)惠等名義誘導承租人使用住房租金貸款，不得在住房租賃合同中包含租金貸款相關內(nèi)容。

Commercial banks that grant such loans should make sure the length of maturity does not exceed the duration of the lease, the draft regulation says.
商業(yè)銀行發(fā)放住房租金貸款，貸款期限不得超過住房租賃合同期限。

出國受阻留學生 stranded students intending to study abroad

Given the continuing spread of COVID-19 around the globe, as well as entry, visa and flight restrictions imposed by a number of countries, some Chinese students intending to study abroad have been forced to change, delay or even call off their plans, the Ministry of Education said.
教育部指出，受新冠肺炎疫情影響及各國（地）入境、簽證、航班等政策限制，部分我國學生赴境外國家和地區(qū)留學的計劃被迫改變、延遲甚至取消。

【單詞講解】

這里的call off就是“取消”的意思，也可以用cancel替換，比如：The football match was cancelled/called off due to bad weather.（足球比賽因為天氣原因取消了）。此外，call off還有“轉移、吸引開”等意思，比如：her attention was called off by the arrival of her children（她的注意力被到來的孩子們吸引走了）。

教育部的應對政策措施包括：

引導上網(wǎng)課

The ministry has been encouraging international students to finish their courses online as organized by their universities. The policies make it clear that students' alternative learning experience will not affect the authenticity of their college certificates and degrees.
合理引導學生按照學校要求在線完成課程，同時明確留學人員受疫情影響無法按時返校而選擇通過在線方式修讀課程，不作為影響其學歷學位認證結果的因素。

【單詞講解】

這里的alternative作為形容詞表示“有別于傳統(tǒng)的”，平常都是在學校里與老師、同學面對面上課，疫情期間大家都只能通過網(wǎng)絡上課，這種上課的體驗就是與傳統(tǒng)的課堂模式不同的。此外，在音樂文化領域，alternative通常翻譯為“另類的”，用來表示那些與傳統(tǒng)音樂流派或文化流派不一樣的類型，比如，alternative rock（另類搖滾）、alternative lifestyles（另類的生活方式）等。Alternative也可以作為名詞表示“可供選擇的事物”，比如：The menu offered several vegetarian alternatives.（菜單提供了好幾種素食選擇）；the alternative of going by train or by plane（選擇坐火車或飛機）等。

豐富就學路徑

On the premise of ensuring educational equity, the ministry will allow a number of existing Chinese mainland-based cooperative educational institutions and programs between China and other countries and between the mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to admit more qualified students.
教育部還允許部分中外合作辦學機構和項目以及內(nèi)地（祖國大陸）與港澳臺合作辦學機構和項目在保證教育公平的前提下，考核招錄部分符合特定條件的出國留學生。

The enrolment is meant for students who have already been admitted to universities overseas and planned to pursue an undergraduate or postgraduate degree starting this fall semester, according to the ministry.
已持有境外大學錄取通知書、原計劃于2020年秋季學期攻讀境外高校本科或碩博士研究生的中國內(nèi)地（大陸）籍學生符合基本報名條件。

About 90 joint degree programs in 19 provincial-level regions, including Beijing, Zhejiang and Guangdong, will be made available.
參與此次中外合作辦學擴招的有北京、浙江、廣東等19個省市的約90個中外合作辦學以及內(nèi)地（祖國大陸）與港澳臺地區(qū)合作辦學機構和項目。

此項招生不納入國家統(tǒng)一招生計劃，不占用高校原有招生指標，對高校其他各類招生不產(chǎn)生影響。

駐外使領館教育部門積極聯(lián)系

Meanwhile, the ministry will guide the communication between the Chinese embassies and consulates with the education departments and universities in the host countries to address the concerns of Chinese students.
駐外使領館教育部門積極與駐在國教育部門和高校聯(lián)系，敦促其妥善解決我留學人員學業(yè)受阻問題。

流感疫苗接種 flu vaccination

日前，中國疾控中心發(fā)布《中國流感疫苗預防接種技術指南(2020-2021)》，建議四類人群優(yōu)先接種流感疫苗。

Health professionals, staff and vulnerable individuals in venues with gatherings of people, including elderly care centers, nursing and welfare homes, are advised to take flu vaccines on a priority basis, according to suggestions from the latest technical guideline for influenza vaccination issued by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC).
中國疾控中心發(fā)布的最新版流感疫苗接種技術指南建議醫(yī)務人員；養(yǎng)老機構、長期護理機構、福利院等人群聚集場所脆弱人群及員工優(yōu)先接種流感疫苗。

【單詞講解】

簡單介紹一下關于“疫苗”的幾個詞，vaccine就是“疫苗”本身，vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接種疫苗”這個動作，而其名詞形式vaccination就是“接種疫苗”這件事。這三個詞用在句子中表達“某人接種疫苗”可以是：vaccinate someone/someone gets vaccinated /someone takes vaccine/someone gets vaccination。

該技術指南推薦優(yōu)先接種的其他重點人群還有：

Teachers and students in nurseries, primary and secondary schools;
托幼機構、中小學校的教師和學生；

Prison inmates and workers;
監(jiān)所機構的在押人員及工作人員；

Other groups at higher risk from influenza, including citizens aged 60 and above who stay in their own homes, children from six months to five years old, patients with chronic diseases, family members and caregivers of infants under six months old, and pregnant women or women preparing to become pregnant during the flu season
其他流感高風險人群，包括60歲及以上的居家老年人、6月齡-5歲兒童、慢性病患者、6月齡以下嬰兒的家庭成員和看護人員以及孕婦或準備在流感季節(jié)懷孕的女性等。

中國疾控中心流行病學首席專家吳尊友表示：

A hike in the number of flu patients is expected in autumn and winter, periods that usually have a high incidence of influenza.

秋冬季節(jié)是常見呼吸道傳染病流感的高發(fā)季節(jié)，就診的病人數(shù)量將會增加。

The development will overlap with the country's COVID-19 control efforts, making it more difficult for health professionals to identify COVID-19 cases and increasing isolation difficulties and healthcare burdens, to the disadvantage of COVID-19 control.

流感高發(fā)與新冠肺炎疫情防控重疊，將給醫(yī)護人員鑒別診斷帶來困難，加大隔離難度和醫(yī)療負荷，不利于疫情防控。

教職員工準入查詢 background checks on candidates in teacher recruitments

最高人民檢察院與教育部、公安部近日聯(lián)合下發(fā)《關于建立教職員工準入查詢性侵違法犯罪信息制度的意見》。

Chinese authorities have ordered mandatory background checks on candidates in teacher recruitments in kindergartens and primary and middle schools, and those who have sex-related crime records will be blacklisted. Such people are also banned from obtaining teacher certification, according to the circular.
意見提出，意見明確，中小學校、幼兒園新招錄教職員工前，應當進行性侵違法犯罪信息查詢，對具有性侵違法犯罪記錄的人員，不予錄用。有此類犯罪記錄的人員也不予認定教師資格。

【單詞講解】

這里的be banned from表示“禁止、阻止”，與我們常見的bar是近義詞，bar和ban通常可以替換使用。如果一定要講這兩個詞的區(qū)別的話，ban的動詞和名詞形式多用于表示政府官方機構頒布的“禁令”，而bar通常不帶有官方性質。另外，在美劇中經(jīng)常會看到監(jiān)獄都有一面鐵柵欄墻，所以behind bars表示“進監(jiān)獄”，比如，The police said they would put him behind bars some day.（警察說總有一天要把他關進監(jiān)獄。）

此次意見明確了查詢的范圍：一類是因強奸（rape）、強制猥褻、猥褻兒童（child molestation）犯罪被作出有罪判決的人員，以及因上述犯罪被檢察院作出相對不起訴決定的人員。另一類是因猥褻行為被行政處罰的人員。

Such regulations also apply to the recruitment of other faculties, including administrative staff, and odd-job and security personnel in such institutions.
意見規(guī)定，行政人員、勤雜人員、安保人員等在校園內(nèi)工作的教職員工招錄也要執(zhí)行上述規(guī)定。

Those already holding jobs on campus are also obliged to undergo the checking procedure. Former offenders will be fired and have their teaching licenses rescinded, it said.
意見明確，在職教職員工經(jīng)查詢發(fā)現(xiàn)有性侵違法犯罪記錄的，應當立即停止其工作，按照規(guī)定及時解除聘用合同，吊銷其教師資格證。

自貿(mào)試驗區(qū) pilot free trade zones

日前，國務院印發(fā)《中國（北京）、（湖南）、（安徽）自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)總體方案》和《中國（浙江）自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)擴展區(qū)域方案》。

The plan outlines the priorities for each pilot free trade zone and pledges to give them greater reform space so as to carry out in-depth exploration and expand opening-up.
方案明確了每個自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)各有側重的改革試點任務，賦予更大改革自主權，深入開展差別化探索，加大開放力度。

【知識點】

有關自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的英文表述，我們通常會看到free trade zone(FTZ)和free trade area(FTA)。這兩者的區(qū)別是：free trade zone(FTZ)是根據(jù)本國（地區(qū)）法律法規(guī)在本國（地區(qū)）境內(nèi)設立的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟特區(qū)，區(qū)內(nèi)貿(mào)易政策由本國（地區(qū)）自行制定；而free trade area(FTA)則是根據(jù)多個國家（地區(qū)）之間協(xié)議設立的包括協(xié)議國（地區(qū)）在內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟體，協(xié)議成員之間的貿(mào)易往來可享受一定的優(yōu)惠政策，而這些優(yōu)惠政策需各方共同協(xié)商制定。

北京、湖南、安徽自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)各有側重

北京

The Beijing pilot FTZ will focus on supporting the construction of an innovation center with global influence. It will accelerate the construction of a leading area for the expansion of trade in services and a pilot area for the digital economy.
北京自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)圍繞助力建設具有全球影響力的科技創(chuàng)新中心，加快打造服務業(yè)擴大開放先行區(qū)、數(shù)字經(jīng)濟試驗區(qū)。

The Beijing zone will also strive to build a high-level opening-up platform for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
著力構建京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展的高水平對外開放平臺。

The plan also details measures for creating a first-class international environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, advancing innovation in services trade management, and exploring the construction of an international port for the information industry and digital trade in the Beijing zone.
提出了營造國際一流創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)生態(tài)、創(chuàng)新服務貿(mào)易管理、探索建設國際信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和數(shù)字貿(mào)易港等方面的具體舉措。

湖南

The new pilot FTZ in central China's Hunan province will focus on building a world-class advanced manufacturing cluster, an international investment and trade corridor linking the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and a leading area for in-depth economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa.
湖南自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)圍繞打造世界級先進制造業(yè)集群、聯(lián)通長江經(jīng)濟帶和粵港澳大灣區(qū)的國際投資貿(mào)易走廊、中非經(jīng)貿(mào)深度合作先行區(qū)和內(nèi)陸開放新高地。

The plan puts forward specific measures for the Hunan zone, such as the construction of a high-end equipment manufacturing base and the promotion of coordinated development of services industries in Hunan, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.
提出了打造高端裝備制造業(yè)基地、實現(xiàn)湘粵港澳服務業(yè)聯(lián)動發(fā)展、建設中非經(jīng)貿(mào)深度合作先行區(qū)等方面的具體舉措。

安徽

Expected to set the standard for opening-up in the inland region, the pilot FTZ in east China's Anhui province will focus on promoting the in-depth integration of scientific and technological innovation and the development of the real economy. It will accelerate the pace of its pioneering role in scientific and technological innovation and the cluster development of advanced manufacturing and strategic emerging industries, and promote the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.
安徽自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)圍繞推動科技創(chuàng)新和實體經(jīng)濟發(fā)展深度融合，加快推進科技創(chuàng)新策源地建設、先進制造業(yè)和戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展，推動長三角區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展，形成內(nèi)陸開放新高地。

The plan introduces measures including promoting commercialization of technological research results to support the Anhui pilot FTZ.
提出了促進科技成果轉移轉化等方面的具體舉措。

方案還提出擴展浙江自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)區(qū)域。

The added section will focus on building a new type of international trade center, an international shipping and logistics hub, and the construction of a commodity resource allocation base centered on oil and gas. The section will also see the construction of a digital economy development demonstration zone and a cluster area for advanced manufacturing industries.
浙江自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)擴展區(qū)域圍繞打造以油氣為核心的大宗商品資源配置基地、新型國際貿(mào)易中心、國際航運和物流樞紐、數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展示范區(qū)和先進制造業(yè)集聚區(qū)。

自2013年建立上海自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)以來，我國已陸續(xù)建立18個自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)，加上此次的3個，自貿(mào)試驗區(qū)達到21個。

學位論文作假 dissertation fraud

9月22日，教育部發(fā)布《關于加快新時代研究生教育改革發(fā)展的意見》，要求抓住課程學習、實習實踐、學位論文開題、中期考核、論文評閱和答辯、學位評定等關鍵環(huán)節(jié)，杜絕學位“注水”。

Postgraduate students who commit fraud in their graduation dissertations or theses will be recorded in the national social credit system, a new guideline said on Tuesday. The guideline, jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, asked universities and research institutes to intensify their efforts to crack down on academic misconduct.
教育部、國家發(fā)展改革委員會以及財政部聯(lián)合發(fā)布的意見要求高校及研究機構加大對學術不端行為的打擊力度，并提出，研究生學位論文作假行為將被納入全國信用信息共享平臺。

【單詞講解】

首先說明一點，這里的theses是thesis一詞的復數(shù)形式。接著我們說一說大學里的各種“論文”。Paper可以指課程論文，或某個具體研究在會議或者期刊上發(fā)表的論文，如term paper（學期論文）, course paper（課程論文）, research paper（研究論文）。Essay的含義較廣，既可指幾千字的短篇論文，也可以指散文或者雜文。

學位論文的用詞在英式英語和美式英語中截然不同：英式英語里，本科和碩士論文都叫dissertation，博士論文叫thesis；而美式英語則完全反過來，本科和碩士論文叫thesis，博士論文叫dissertation。

“學術不端”（academic misconduct）的一般性界定為：高等學校及其教學科研人員、管理人員和學生，在科學研究及相關活動中發(fā)生的違反公認的學術準則、違背學術誠信的行為。

2016年，教育部發(fā)布《高等學校預防與處理學術不端行為辦法》，第一次以部門規(guī)章的形式對高等學校預防與處理學術不端行為做出規(guī)定。

《辦法》中明確的六種“學術不端”情形包括：剽竊、抄襲、侵占他人學術成果（plagiarism），篡改他人研究成果（fabrication or alteration of research results），偽造數(shù)據(jù)或捏造事實（data falsification），不當署名（inappropriate authorship），提供虛假學術信息（providing false or misleading information），買賣或代寫論文（academic paper selling or ghostwriting）等。同時授權高等學校可以結合學校實際，自行規(guī)定六類之外的學術不端情形。

意見提出，將從教、學、評、管四方面杜絕學位“注水”。

Education authorities should increase the percentage of students going through random dissertation inspection, and should revoke the accreditation of disciplines that fail to ensure the quality of such works, it said.
擴大學位論文抽檢比例，對無法保證質量的學科或專業(yè)學位類別，撤銷學位授權。

It also asked universities and research institutes to impose stricter evaluation standards for supervisors, including their work ethic, academic performance and efforts in supervising students.
高校和研究機構要嚴格導師選聘標準，將師德師風、學術水平、指導精力投入等納入導師評價考核體系。

Academic integrity should be an important part of postgraduate education and training for supervisors, and dissertation writing guidance should be compulsory for all students, the guideline said.
將學術誠信作為導師培訓和研究生培養(yǎng)的重要內(nèi)容，把論文寫作指導課程作為必修課。