>Oscars' new diversity rules
奧斯卡推出多元化新政
Starting in 2024, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences will only give the top Oscar to movies that are more diverse - either on screen or behind the scenes.
從2024年開始，美國電影藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院只會把奧斯卡最佳影片獎頒給更加多元化的影片——無論是幕前還是幕后。
For movies to be eligible for the best-picture award, they'll have to adhere to two of four diversity categories, which cover everything from casting to marketing.
影片必須遵守四個多樣性規(guī)則中的兩個才能入圍最佳影片。這四個多樣性規(guī)則涵蓋從選角到市場營銷等方方面面。
For example, to qualify in the "on-screen representation" category, movies must include a key cast member who's a minority, or focus the story on an underrepresented group.
例如，為了符合"銀幕上的代表性"規(guī)則，影片中必須包含一個少數(shù)族裔主演，或者劇情要以代表性不足群體為中心。
The new standards come after years of criticism that the Academy Awards, Hollywood's highest honors, are too white and male.
多年來，人們一直批評奧斯卡這一好萊塢最高榮譽(yù)過于白人化和男性化，新規(guī)因此出臺。
In the 2020 ceremony, only one non-white actor was considered for an acting award, and the storylines of major films were mostly about men.
2020年的奧斯卡頒獎典禮上，只有一位非白人演員入圍表演類獎項，大多數(shù)電影的主要劇情是圍繞男性角色展開。
Cynthia Erivo, the only Black performer to receive a nomination for best actress, was recognized for playing a former slave.
辛西婭 ? 埃里沃是唯一一位獲得最佳女主角提名的黑人演員，飾演的角色是一個奴隸。
Other categories the Academy will consider when looking at diversity are whether the leadership and project teams are diverse, whether distribution or finance companies behind the film offer opportunities to underrepresented groups, and whether studios actively seek out non-white, female, LGBTQ+ or disabled audiences.
奧斯卡會考慮多元化規(guī)則的其他方面包括：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和項目團(tuán)隊是否多元化，電影背后的發(fā)行公司或金融公司是否為代表性不足群體提供各種機(jī)會，電影制片公司是否積極尋找非白人、女性、LGBTQ+群體或殘疾觀眾。

>Kite-makers see sales fly
疫情下印度人搶購風(fēng)箏
While Italians sang songs from their balconies and windows to boost morale when they were stuck at home due to COVID-19 restrictions, Indians flew kites from their terraces and roof tops.
因新冠肺炎疫情下的限制措施而不得不待在家里的意大利人在陽臺上和窗前唱歌來鼓舞士氣，印度人則在自家露臺和屋頂上放風(fēng)箏。
Ahsan Khan, a seller in Mumbai, says, "The period between April and August is usually the leanest [for kite sales], but this year, I have sold about 500,000 kites [during that time]."
孟買的一名賣家阿赫桑?汗表示："四月到八月期間通常是風(fēng)箏銷售的淡季，但今年我卻在這一期間賣出了約50萬只風(fēng)箏。"
He adds that neighboring Pakistan had also caught the kite-flying bug during its lockdown.
他還說道，鄰國巴基斯坦也在封鎖期間掀起了放風(fēng)箏的熱潮。
"I am even getting calls from Karachi and Lahore in Pakistan, from people offering to pay me double the usual amount."
"我甚至接到了來自巴基斯坦卡拉奇和拉合爾的電話，那里的人們提出用雙倍價錢買我的風(fēng)箏。"
Khan says that sales have been led by India's smaller cities and towns, as that is where more people have individual terraces or roof tops.
阿赫桑?汗表示，印度的小城鎮(zhèn)銷量最高，因為那里更多人擁有獨立的露臺或屋頂。
This is in contrast to the big cities, like Mumbai, where most people live in flats and have to share such outdoor areas.
相比之下，在孟買這樣的大城市，多數(shù)人都住在公寓里，必須共享戶外空間。
These communal spaces were officially out of bounds during the lockdown.
這些公共空間在封鎖期間都是官方禁止開放的。

>Full stop is 'intimidating'
年輕人為何不愛用句號?
Full stops intimidate young people when used in social media communication as they are interpreted as a sign of anger, according to linguistic experts.
語言專家表示，在社交媒體交流中使用句號會讓年輕人感到恐慌，因為他們認(rèn)為這表示憤怒。
Teenagers and those in their early 20s, classified as Generation Z, have grown up with smartphones, which they use to send short messages without full stops.
青少年和那些20歲出頭的人被稱為Z世代，他們在智能手機(jī)的陪伴下長大，用智能手機(jī)發(fā)送短信，但不使用句號。
Linguistic experts are now investigating why teens interpret a correctly-punctuated text as a signal of irritation.
語言專家正在研究，為什么青少年會把正確地使用了標(biāo)點的短信理解為憤怒的信號。
Linguist Dr Lauren Fonteyn of Leiden University in Holland, tweeted: "If you send a text message without a full stop, it's already obvious that you've concluded the message. So if you add that additional marker for completion, they will read something into it, and it tends to be a falling intonation or negative tone."
荷蘭萊頓大學(xué)的語言學(xué)家勞倫?方廷博士在推特上寫道："發(fā)短信時不加句號，很明顯你也已經(jīng)說完了。所以如果已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，你還額外加上一個表示完成的符號，人們就會從中解讀出一些東西，往往是一種下沉的語調(diào)或負(fù)面的口吻。"
Unusually, texts ending in an exclamation point – such as "lmao!", "just a cheeky one!", "what body part even is that? I hope it's your arm!" – are deemed heartfelt or more profound.
不同尋常的是，短信以感嘆號結(jié)尾被認(rèn)為是真心誠意或更深刻的。比如，"笑死我了！"、 "真是個厚顏無恥的家伙!"、"那到底是什么身體部位？我希望是你的胳膊！"

>Study: the moon is rusting
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)月球正在生銹
The moon is turning red, and it's likely Earth's fault.
月球正在變紅，這很可能是地球的錯。
Our planet's atmosphere may be causing the moon to rust, new research finds.
最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，地球上的大氣層可能正讓月球慢慢生銹。
Rust, also known as iron oxide, is a reddish compound that forms when iron is exposed to water and oxygen.
鐵銹，也叫氧化鐵，是一種紅色的化合物。當(dāng)鐵暴露于水和氧氣時，鐵銹就會產(chǎn)生。
But not all celestial environments are optimal for rusting, especially our dry, atmosphere-free moon.
但并非所有的天體環(huán)境都適合鐵銹的形成，尤其是干燥、無大氣保護(hù)的月球。
"It's very puzzling," the study's lead author, Shuai Li of the University of Hawaii, said in a statement. "The moon is a terrible environment for [rust] to form in."
論文主要作者、來自夏威夷大學(xué)的李帥在一份聲明中說："這非常令人費(fèi)解。月球上的環(huán)境對鐵銹的形成非常不友好。"
Li was studying data from the JPL Moon Mineralogy Mapper when he realized that the poles of the moon had very different compositions from the rest of it.
李帥在研究噴氣推進(jìn)實驗室(JPL)月球礦物質(zhì)繪圖儀收集的數(shù)據(jù)時，發(fā)現(xiàn)月球兩極的構(gòu)造成分和其他地方大不一樣。
He found that the moon's polar surfaces had iron-rich rocks with spectral signatures that matched that of hematite.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)月球兩極表面有富含鐵質(zhì)的巖石，其光譜特征與赤鐵礦十分相似。
The mineral hematite, commonly found in Earth's surface, is a specific type of iron oxide, or rust, with the formula Fe2O3.
赤鐵礦常見于地球表面，是氧化鐵的一種礦物形式，分子式為Fe2O3。
"At first, I totally didn't believe it. It shouldn't exist based on the conditions present on the moon," said co-author Abigail Fraeman, a planetary geoscientist at JPL. "But since we discovered water on the moon, people have been speculating that there could be a greater variety of minerals than we realize if that water had reacted with rocks."
"起初我完全不相信。根據(jù)月球上目前的環(huán)境，赤鐵礦幾乎沒有存在的可能性，"JPL行星地球科學(xué)家、論文的共同作者阿比蓋爾?弗雷曼說道，"但是，自從我們發(fā)現(xiàn)月球有水之后，人們一直在猜測，如果這些水和巖石發(fā)生反應(yīng)的話，那么月球上的礦物質(zhì)種類可能比我們知道的要多很多。"
The moon doesn't have an atmosphere of its own to provide sufficient amounts of oxygen, but it has trace amounts donated by Earth's atmosphere.
月球上沒有大氣層可以提供足夠的氧氣，但卻有少量來自地球大氣層的氧氣。
This terrestrial oxygen travels to the moon along an elongated extension of the planet's magnetic field called a "magnetotail."
地球氧氣沿著行星磁場的延長部分(即"磁尾")不遠(yuǎn)萬里來到月球。
Earth's magnetotail can reach all the way to the near side of the moon, where more of the hematite was found, according to the statement.
聲明中寫道，地球的磁尾可以一直延伸到月球正面。在月球正面也確實發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多的赤鐵礦。

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