數(shù)字貨幣 digital currency

The People's Bank of China, the central bank, is testing its digital currency in Shenzhen, Chengdu, Suzhou, Xiong'an and some areas where the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held.
中國人民銀行將在深圳、成都、蘇州、雄安以及2022年冬奧部分場景開展數(shù)字人民幣試點(diǎn)。

【知識點(diǎn)】

中國人民銀行自2014年開始研究法定數(shù)字貨幣。2017年，中國人民銀行數(shù)字貨幣研究所正式成立。經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，人民銀行組織部分實(shí)力雄厚的商業(yè)銀行和有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)共同開展數(shù)字人民幣體系（digital currency and electronic payment，DC/EP）的研發(fā)。

中國人民銀行數(shù)字貨幣可以看做是數(shù)字化的人民幣現(xiàn)金（digitalized currency），由央行結(jié)算且具有法償性（legal tender）。從使用場景上看，央行數(shù)字貨幣可用于小額、零售、高頻的業(yè)務(wù)場景，與使用紙幣差別不大。它不依托于銀行賬戶和支付賬戶，只要用戶手機(jī)裝有數(shù)字貨幣錢包（digital wallet）即可使用。

中國人民銀行日前召開的2020年下半年工作電視會議指出，法定數(shù)字貨幣封閉試點(diǎn)順利啟動。

Currently, the tests include salary payments to civil servants, payment for public transport services and energy and supply chain trading.
目前，試點(diǎn)涉及公務(wù)員工資支付、公共交通支付以及能源供應(yīng)鏈支付等領(lǐng)域。

中國人民大學(xué)金融科技與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全研究中心主任楊東表示：

Most of the applications are designed for consumer consumption, and it still needs time to find the appropriate model for business users.
大部分應(yīng)用場景都是為消費(fèi)者服務(wù)場景設(shè)計的，找到適合商業(yè)用戶的應(yīng)用模式還需要時間。

E-payment services in China are dominated by internet giants such as Alipay and WeChat Pay which allow transfer of money by a simple scan of the quick response code. The sovereign digital currency may need to find ways to make the payment options more convenient and the costs will have to be competitive with other third-party payment services.
目前國內(nèi)的電子支付領(lǐng)域由支付寶和微信支付占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，用戶使用這兩種支付服務(wù)時，簡單掃一下二維碼就可以完成。主權(quán)數(shù)字貨幣可能需要找到一種讓支付選擇更便捷、支付成本相比第三方支付更有競爭力的途徑。

I級防汛應(yīng)急響應(yīng) the highest level of flood control response

8月18日5時，四川啟動I級防汛應(yīng)急響應(yīng)（activate the highest level of flood control response），這是有記錄以來，四川首次啟動該響應(yīng)。

Continuous rainfall has caused 22 major rivers in Sichuan to exceed their flood warning levels. Swelling rivers have flooded some urban areas in the city of Ya'an and Leshan. Local authorities have evacuated more than 100,000 people affected by the disaster.
連續(xù)降雨已導(dǎo)致四川省境內(nèi)22條主要河流超過警戒水位。泛濫的河水淹沒了雅安和樂山市的城區(qū)，當(dāng)?shù)卣殉冯x10萬多受災(zāi)群眾。

The Ya'an section of the Qingyi River was hit by a major flood rarely seen in a hundred years, while water levels in the entire Qingyi River basin, as well as the lower reaches of Dadu River and Minjiang River, are expected to exceed warning levels.
目前，青衣江雅安城區(qū)段已出現(xiàn)百年一遇洪水，預(yù)計整個青衣江流域?qū)⑷娉^保證水位，大渡河下游、岷江下游也將出現(xiàn)全面超警超保洪水。

【知識點(diǎn)】

最近有關(guān)洪水的報道中，我們經(jīng)常能看到“超警”、“超保”、“超限”等表述，其中的“警”代表“警戒水位”，“保”代表“保證水位”，“限”代表“汛限水位”。

警戒水位（warning level）是指河流、湖泊隨著水位逐步升高，堤防可能發(fā)生險情并需要加強(qiáng)防守的水位（the water level where dykes need consolidation）。到達(dá)這一水位，要進(jìn)行防汛動員，加大人力、物力投入，實(shí)行晝夜巡堤查險。

保證水位（flood-stage level），又稱最高水位或危險水位，是指堤防設(shè)計水位或歷史上防御過的最高洪水位（the highest floodwater level a dyke has ever withstood），也是汛期堤防及其附屬工程能保證安全運(yùn)行的上限洪水位。接近或到達(dá)這一水位，防汛進(jìn)入全面緊急狀態(tài)，堤防臨水時間已長，堤身土體可能達(dá)到飽和狀態(tài)，隨時都有出險的可能。這時要密切巡查，全力以赴，確保堤防安全。

汛限水位（the upper limit of reservoir water level）是指汛期水庫允許蓄水的上限水位，也是水庫汛期防洪調(diào)度運(yùn)用時的起調(diào)水位。

九寨溝景區(qū)臨時關(guān)閉

The Jiuzhaigou National Park, also known as the Jiuzhai Valley, a UNESCO world heritage site famed for its spectacular waterfalls, lush forests, serene plateau lakes and karst rock formations in the mountainous areas of Sichuan, announced temporary closure due to safety concerns.
為安全起見，九寨溝景區(qū)臨時關(guān)閉園區(qū)。九寨溝是聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)地，以壯觀的瀑布、蔥翠的森林、靜謐的高原湖水以及四川山區(qū)卡斯特地貌聞名。

Incessant torrential rainfall has blocked roads to the scenic spot, with part of the area flooded by a river, according to the site's administration.
景區(qū)管理部門表示，持續(xù)強(qiáng)降雨導(dǎo)致通往景區(qū)的道路受阻，部分路段被泛濫的河水淹沒。

洪水浸過樂山大佛佛腳平臺

Floods also affected the Leshan Giant Buddha, another UNESCO world heritage site situated outside the city of Leshan. Flood water reached the toes of the Buddha statue for the first time since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
另一處聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)地樂山大佛也受到洪水影響，這是1949年新中國成立以來洪水首次浸過大佛腳趾。

On Monday night, local police and scenic-spot staff placed sandbags at the platform under the Buddha's feet, building a dam-like structure to protect the statue.
8月17日晚，當(dāng)?shù)孛窬途皡^(qū)工作人員在大佛佛腳平臺堆放了沙袋，組成堤壩保護(hù)大佛。

三峽水利樞紐將迎建庫以來最大洪峰

This coming Thursday the Three Gorges reservoir in central China's Hubei province is expected to see the most severe round of floods since it started to hold water in 2003.
預(yù)計8月20日，位于湖北省的三峽水利樞紐將迎來2003年蓄水以來的最大洪峰。

According to a forecast by the Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, the inbound flow of water is expected to reach more than 74,000 cubic meters per second after continuous heavy rain battered the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
根據(jù)長江水文局以及水利部的預(yù)報，受長江上游持續(xù)強(qiáng)降雨影響，三峽水利樞紐入庫洪水峰值將達(dá)到74000立方米每秒。

The Yangtze River, China's longest waterway, recorded the fifth flood of the year in its upper reaches on Monday.
8月17日，“長江2020年第5號洪水”已在長江上游形成。

潛伏期 incubation period

8月19日，國家衛(wèi)健委辦公廳、國家中醫(yī)藥管理局辦公室印發(fā)了《新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案（試行第八版）》。

The incubation period for COVID-19, the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms, is about three to seven days for most people and can be up to 14 days, during which these pre-symptomatic patients can be contagious, according to the latest guideline.
試行第八版診療方案提出，新冠肺炎的潛伏期（感染病毒到出現(xiàn)癥狀之前）多為3到7天，最長可達(dá)14天，潛伏期即有傳染性。

The five days after symptoms occur is when the disease becomes highly transmissible, the guideline said.
發(fā)病后5天內(nèi)傳染性較強(qiáng)。

【單詞講解】

在說到“具有傳染性的”這個意思時，新聞報道中常用的兩個詞是contagious和transmissible，在表示某個疾病具有傳染性的時候，這兩個詞是可以互相替換使用的，contagious/transmissible disease。二者的區(qū)別在于，transmissible只能用來形容疾病的傳染性，而contagious適用的范圍要廣得多，除了表示疾病本身的傳染性之外，也可以用來形容染了傳染病的患者，contagious patients。此外，我們形容一個人的笑聲特別有感染力，也可以說contagious laughter；某個時尚潮流傳播很快就是a contagious fad。

Respiratory droplets and close contact with infected patients are the primary methods of transmission,and exposure to virus-contaminated objects can also cause infection, it added.
經(jīng)呼吸道飛沫和密切接觸傳播是主要的傳播途徑。接觸病毒污染的物品也可造成感染。

病理改變

In terms of the effect of the novel coronavirus on the body, the guideline said the virus can damage the lungs, spleen, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney, brain and digestive tracts.
在新冠病毒對身體的病理改變方面，方案指出，病毒會對肺臟、脾臟、骨髓、心臟和血管、肝臟、腎臟、腦組織以及消化道等器官和組織產(chǎn)生破壞作用。

臨床表現(xiàn)

The symptoms of infected children are typically mild, with nausea, diarrhea and shortness of breath being some of the more common ones, the guideline found. However, an extremely small number of children could develop Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, showing symptoms similar to the rare Kawasaki disease, an inflammation in the walls of arteries throughout the body that primarily affects children younger than 5.
兒童患者多為輕癥，常見癥狀有惡心、腹瀉、呼吸短促等。不過，極少數(shù)兒童可有多系統(tǒng)炎癥綜合征（MIS-C），該綜合征表現(xiàn)為全身血管壁上的炎癥，其癥狀與川崎病類似，5歲以下兒童為多發(fā)人群。

中美航班 China-US flights

Under the agreement, Chinese airlines that already fly to the US－Air China, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines and Xiamen Airlines－will be allowed to make eight weekly round trips instead of four, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
中國民航局表示，根據(jù)協(xié)議，中國國航、東方航空、南方航空和廈門航空這四家目前執(zhí)飛中美航線的國內(nèi)航空公司，每周運(yùn)營的往返航班將由4班改為8班。

The two US carriers currently flying to China－United Airlines and Delta Air Lines－would also double their service to eight a week, equivalent to the total number of flights now permitted by US aviation authorities to Chinese carriers, according to a US Department of Transportation statement on Tuesday.
美國交通部8月18日表示，目前執(zhí)飛中美航線的美聯(lián)航和達(dá)美航空每周航班數(shù)也將增加至8班，與美國民航管理部門最近允許中國承運(yùn)人執(zhí)飛的航班總數(shù)相對等。

【單詞講解】

Double、triple、quadruple 這三個詞在英語中用來表達(dá)不同的倍數(shù)，均可以做名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞，用法很靈活。Double 表示“兩倍、雙份”或“使（什么）增加一倍”，比如：The editor thinks they can double the magazine circulation by the end of the year.主編覺得他們能在年底把雜志發(fā)行量增加一倍。另外，單詞 double 在影視領(lǐng)域還指“替身演員”，比如，He worked as a double for Daniel Craig in the film.他在這部影片中擔(dān)任丹尼爾·克雷格的替身。

Triple表示“三倍，增加兩倍”，比如，My rent tripled last month.上個月，我的房租漲了兩倍。

Quadruple這個詞表示“四倍，四部分，增加三倍”的意思，詞性和用法與前面的 double 和 triple 相似。需要注意的是，“增加三倍”其實(shí)也就是中文中常說的“翻兩番”，所以這兩種說法都可以用 quadruple 來表示，比如：Our exports to the US have quadrupled in the past three years.過去三年間，我們對美國的出口額增加了三倍（也就是翻了兩番）。

美國兩家航空公司公布新增航班計劃

Delta Air Lines said it will add one more flight each week between Detroit and Shanghai and Seattle and Shanghai, both via Seoul, as of Monday.
達(dá)美航空表示，自8月24日起，將每周各增加一班底特律－上海及西雅圖－上海的國際航班（均經(jīng)停首爾）。

United Airlines said it will go from two to four flights per week between San Francisco and Shanghai starting on Sept 4.
美聯(lián)航表示，從9月4日起，舊金山-上海浦東的往返航線將從每周2班增加為4班。

受新冠肺炎疫情影響，今年3月民航局發(fā)布《關(guān)于疫情防控期間繼續(xù)調(diào)減國際客運(yùn)航班量的通知》，進(jìn)一步調(diào)減國際客運(yùn)航班運(yùn)行數(shù)量。

All domestic airlines were allowed to operate only one flight to each country per week, while foreign aviation companies should keep only one air route to China and there should be no more than one flight every week for each of the air route to China, according to the circular.
國內(nèi)每家航空公司經(jīng)營至任一國家的航線只能保留1條，且每條航線每周運(yùn)營班次不得超過1班；外國每家航空公司經(jīng)營至我國的航線只能保留1條，且每周運(yùn)營班次不得超過1班。

為了控制新冠肺炎輸入病例，自6月8日起，民航局推出以落地后乘客核酸檢測結(jié)果為依據(jù)的航班獎勵和熔斷機(jī)制。

As an incentive, carriers will be allowed to increase the number of international flights to two per week on one route if the number of passengers who have a positive nucleic acid test on their flights stands at zero for three consecutive weeks, according to the administration.
獎勵措施是指航空公司同一航線航班，入境后核酸檢測結(jié)果為陽性的旅客人數(shù)連續(xù)3周為零的，可在航線經(jīng)營許可規(guī)定的航班量范圍內(nèi)增加每周1班，達(dá)到每周2班。

The airline must suspend the operation of the route for one week if the number of passengers who test positive for the coronavirus reaches five. If the number exceeds 10, the airline will suspend the flights for four weeks, it said.
航空公司同一航線航班，入境后核酸檢測結(jié)果為陽性的旅客人數(shù)達(dá)到5個的，暫停該公司該航線運(yùn)行1周；達(dá)到10個的，暫停該公司該航線運(yùn)行4周。

在保證防疫措施嚴(yán)格落實(shí)的前提下，我國近期已批準(zhǔn)國內(nèi)和國際航空公司增加由法國、荷蘭、加拿大、澳大利亞、韓國及日本出發(fā)的入境航班。

As of Aug 12, China maintained regular passenger traffic with 50 countries. A total of 93 airlines－19 domestic and 74 foreign－h(huán)ave been operating 187 international passenger routes, according to the CAAC.
民航局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至8月12日，共計93家中外航空公司，其中國內(nèi)航空公司19家、外航74家，運(yùn)營187條定期國際客運(yùn)航線，與50個國家保持定期客運(yùn)通航。