水陸兩棲大飛機(jī) large amphibious aircraft

China's homegrown AG600 large amphibious aircraft, codenamed Kunlong, succeeded in its maiden flight over sea on Sunday morning in Qingdao, east China's Shandong province, said State-owned plane-maker Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). The successful maiden flight from the sea is a major step forward in the development of this large amphibious aircraft following its maiden flight in 2017 and first takeoff from a water reservoir in 2018, said the AVIC.
航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)宣布，中國(guó)自主研制的大型水陸兩棲飛機(jī)“鯤龍”AG600于7月26日上午在山東青島成功實(shí)現(xiàn)海上首飛。這是AG600飛機(jī)繼2017年陸上首飛、2018年水上首飛之后，又邁出的關(guān)鍵一步。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

“鯤龍”AG600是我國(guó)研制的可用于森林滅火（forest firefighting）和水上救援（marine rescue）的大型水陸兩棲飛機(jī)（large amphibious aircraft），具有速度快、機(jī)動(dòng)性好、搜索范圍廣、搜索效率高、安全性好、裝載量大等特點(diǎn)。

森林滅火時(shí)，它可多次往返高效率投水滅火，20秒內(nèi)可一次汲水12噸（collect 12 tons of water in 20 seconds），單次投水救火面積可達(dá)4000余平方米，接近一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)的面積。海上救援時(shí)，“鯤龍”可快速響應(yīng)、到達(dá)，在復(fù)雜氣象條件下實(shí)施救援，起降抗浪能力不低于2米，可一次救助50名海上遇險(xiǎn)人員（carry 50 people during search-and-rescue missions）。

“鯤龍”與我國(guó)運(yùn)—20大型運(yùn)輸機(jī)（the Y-20 transport plane）、C919大型噴氣式客機(jī)（the C919 jetliner）一起，被稱(chēng)為中國(guó)大飛機(jī)“三劍客”。

Codenamed Kunlong, the AG600 is a key aeronautical equipment in China's emergency rescue system, said the AVIC.
航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)表示，“鯤龍”AG600是國(guó)家應(yīng)急救援體系的重大航空裝備。

The AG600 is designed to meet the country's demands for forest firefighting, marine rescue and other critical emergency rescue missions. It is also the first time that China's aviation industry has developed a special-mission large civil aircraft model.
“鯤龍”AG600是我國(guó)為滿(mǎn)足森林滅火和水上救援以及其他緊急救援任務(wù)的迫切需要研發(fā)的，同時(shí)也是我國(guó)航空業(yè)首次研發(fā)執(zhí)行特殊任務(wù)的大型民用航空器。

航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)副總經(jīng)理陳元先表示，AG600項(xiàng)目將開(kāi)展滅火型試驗(yàn)（firefighting test），計(jì)劃2023年完成滅火型研制，并盡早投入使用。

規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤(rùn) profits of industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan

Profits of industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan rose by 4.8 percent year on year in the second quarter, reversing the 36.7-percent decline in the first quarter, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said on Monday.
國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局7月27日發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，二季度規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)同比增長(zhǎng)4.8%，一季度為下降36.7%，由降轉(zhuǎn)升。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)是中華人民共和國(guó)自1996年開(kāi)始使用的一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，與“規(guī)模以下”相對(duì)，2011年1月起用于代指年主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入人民幣2000萬(wàn)元及以上的全部工業(yè)企業(yè)（industrial companies with annual revenue of more than 20 million yuan）。

In June alone, major industrial firms saw their profits rise by 11.5 percent to 666.55 billion yuan, widening by 5.5 percentage points from that in May.
6月全國(guó)規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)總額6665.5億元，同比增長(zhǎng)11.5%，增速比5月份加快5.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局工業(yè)司高級(jí)統(tǒng)計(jì)師朱虹分析，6月份工業(yè)利潤(rùn)增速繼續(xù)加快主要受益于四個(gè)方面：

Faster growth in industrial production and sales, narrowing of the decline in prices for industrial products, lowering of the cost per 100 yuan of operating revenue posted by major industrial enterprises, and significant improvement in profits of key industries including iron and steel, oil and gas drilling and nonferrous metals.
生產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)售增長(zhǎng)加快；工業(yè)品價(jià)格降幅收窄；規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)每百元營(yíng)業(yè)收入中的成本下降；鋼鐵、油氣開(kāi)采、石油加工、有色等重點(diǎn)行業(yè)利潤(rùn)大幅改善。

二季度超半數(shù)工業(yè)行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)

In the second quarter, profits in 37 of the 41 industrial sectors surveyed showed improvements compared with that in the first quarter, with 25 of them reporting profit growth, according to the NBS.
國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示，二季度，41個(gè)工業(yè)大類(lèi)行業(yè)中，37個(gè)行業(yè)利潤(rùn)增速比一季度加快，其中25個(gè)行業(yè)利潤(rùn)實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)。

Equipment and high-tech manufacturing were among the sectors that saw the most visible recovery, with profits in high-tech manufacturing expanding by 34.6 percent year on year, rebounding from a 17.1-percent decrease in the first quarter.
利潤(rùn)回升最顯著的行業(yè)為裝備制造業(yè)和高技術(shù)制造業(yè)。二季度，高技術(shù)制造業(yè)利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)34.6%，為增速最高的行業(yè)板塊，而一季度為下降17.1%。

The decline of profits in raw material manufacturing in Q2 narrowed sharply due to the progress in infrastructure projects, and higher prices of relevant products.
二季度，受基建項(xiàng)目加快推進(jìn)、主要大宗原燃材料產(chǎn)品價(jià)格回升等因素影響，原材料制造業(yè)利潤(rùn)降幅明顯收窄。

企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)仍然面臨不少困難

Despite the recovery, enterprises still face difficulties in their production and operations as the COVID-19 epidemic has dampened demand, Zhu said.
盡管二季度工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)狀況明顯恢復(fù)向好，但總體看，受新冠肺炎疫情沖擊影響，市場(chǎng)需求依然偏弱，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)仍然面臨不少困難。

Noting that the global spread of COVID-19, as well as trade uncertainties, may dampen the continued recovery in industrial profits, Zhu called for full implementation of policies to shield enterprises against COVID-19 fallouts, and consolidating the upturn of the industrial economy.
當(dāng)前，全球疫情仍在持續(xù)蔓延，國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)形勢(shì)復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻，工業(yè)利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)的持續(xù)性仍存在不確定性。下階段，仍需積極貫徹落實(shí)各項(xiàng)援企助企政策，不斷鞏固工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)回升向好勢(shì)頭。

移交逃犯協(xié)定 fugitives transfer agreements

外交部發(fā)言人汪文斌7月28日在例行記者會(huì)上宣布，中方?jīng)Q定香港特別行政區(qū)暫停港加、港澳、港英《移交逃犯協(xié)定》和《刑事司法互助協(xié)定》。

Canada, Australia and Britain, on the pretext of China's passage of the law on safeguarding national security in the HKSAR, have unilaterally suspended their respective agreements with Hong Kong on fugitives transfer, grossly interfered in China's internal affairs, and seriously violated international law and basic norms governing international relations, Wang said, noting that China firmly opposes this.
汪文斌說(shuō)，近日，加拿大、澳大利亞和英國(guó)以中國(guó)制定香港特區(qū)維護(hù)國(guó)家安全法為借口，單方面宣布暫停與香港特區(qū)簽訂的《移交逃犯協(xié)定》。此舉粗暴干涉中國(guó)內(nèi)政，嚴(yán)重違反國(guó)際法和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，中方對(duì)此堅(jiān)決反對(duì)。

【單詞講解】

這里的unilaterally來(lái)源于形容詞unilateral，即“單方面的，單邊的”，比如：take unilateral action（單方面采取行動(dòng)）。在外交領(lǐng)域常用的相關(guān)詞匯還有：bilateral（雙邊的，雙方的），比如：bilateral relations（雙邊關(guān)系），bilateral trade agreement（雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定）等；multilateral（多邊的，多方面的），比如：multilateral agreements（多邊協(xié)議），multilateral trade talks（多邊貿(mào)易談判）等。

He added that with the assistance and authorization of the central government, the HKSAR has actively rendered assistance to Canada, Australia and Britain in accordance with the HKSAR Basic Law and within the framework of the treaties.
他表示，一直以來(lái)，香港特區(qū)在中央政府協(xié)助和授權(quán)下，根據(jù)基本法，在《協(xié)定》框架下向加方、澳方和英方提供了積極協(xié)助。

The politicization of judicial cooperation with HKSAR by Canada, Australia and Britain has severely damaged the foundation for the HKSAR to carry out judicial cooperation with the three countries and has deviated from safeguarding justice and the rule of law via judicial cooperation, Wang said.
加方、澳方和英方將對(duì)港司法合作政治化的錯(cuò)誤行徑，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了香港特區(qū)同加拿大、澳大利亞和英國(guó)之間開(kāi)展司法合作的基礎(chǔ)，偏離司法合作維護(hù)正義和法治的宗旨。

【單詞講解】

固定搭配deviate from something表示“偏離（之前的計(jì)劃、路線(xiàn)等）”，比如：He planned his schedule far in advance, and he didn't deviate from it. （他提前很久就安排好了日程，而且一直沒(méi)有變動(dòng)。）He was determined to become a doctor and never deviated from that ambition. （他的志向是成為一名醫(yī)生，矢志不渝。）

Therefore, the Chinese side has decided to suspend the HKSAR's fugitives transfer agreements and agreements on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters with Canada, Australia and Britain, Wang said.
為此，中方?jīng)Q定香港特區(qū)暫停港加、港澳、港英《移交逃犯協(xié)定》，同時(shí)決定，香港特區(qū)暫停港加、港澳、港英《刑事司法互助協(xié)定》。

合同糾紛 contract dispute

7月29日，最高人民法院、司法部、文化和旅游部聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于依法妥善處理涉疫情旅游合同糾紛有關(guān)問(wèn)題的通知》，對(duì)實(shí)踐中較為典型的涉疫情旅游合同糾紛處理提出指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)。

Travel businesses should arrange accommodations for tourists stranded by the COVID-19 epidemic, said the circular, specifying that tourists should bear the expense for extra accommodations, and that travel businesses should share added transport costs as a result of the stranding.
通知指出，因疫情或者疫情防控措施造成旅游者滯留的，旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)采取相應(yīng)的合理安置措施，因此增加的食宿費(fèi)用由旅游者承擔(dān)，增加的返程費(fèi)用由旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)者與旅游者分擔(dān)。

【單詞講解】

Accommodation常見(jiàn)的用法有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是指出行時(shí)解決我們基本生活問(wèn)題的“食宿”，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，比如：tourist accommodations on the boat（船上游客的食宿），overnight accommodations（過(guò)夜食宿）等；另一個(gè)指“順應(yīng)、適應(yīng)”，比如：He changed his schedule for the accommodation of his clients.（他為了方便客戶(hù)，改變了自己的日程安排。）

《通知》要求，依法妥善處理涉疫情旅游合同糾紛，要嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行法律政策，妥善處理涉疫情旅游合同的解除、費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)等糾紛。

Businesses and tourists were encouraged to settle disputes by adjusting some terms of their contracts through negotiations, said the circular. Specific changes include postponing the execution of the contract or changing service packages.
旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)者、旅游者應(yīng)盡可能通過(guò)協(xié)商變更旅游合同部分條款來(lái)解決糾紛，具體變更包括，延期履行合同、替換為其他旅游產(chǎn)品等。

If the two sides in dispute fail to reach an agreement, travel businesses should offer tourists refunds after deducting commissions that have been paid to subcontractors and cannot be refunded, the circular said.
若雙方不能協(xié)商一致，旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)在扣除已向地接社或者履行輔助人支付且不可退還的費(fèi)用后，將余款退還旅游者。

【單詞講解】

Refund這個(gè)詞可以說(shuō)是“一詞多能”，既可以用來(lái)表示“退款”這個(gè)動(dòng)作（動(dòng)詞），也可以表示“退款”這件事（名詞），還能表示拿到的“退款”那筆錢(qián)（名詞）。看幾個(gè)例子就明白了：The holiday was cancelled so the travel agency had to refund everybody the price of the tickets.（假期取消了，旅行社要按照票價(jià)給所有人退款。）I took the radio back to the shop and asked for/demanded a refund.（我把收音機(jī)拿回店里，要求退款。）This is the refund of your fare.（這是退給您的車(chē)票錢(qián)。）