日環(huán)食 annular solar eclipse

今年6月21日是夏至（summer solstice），當(dāng)日下午，一場(chǎng)十年一遇的“金邊日環(huán)食”也震撼登場(chǎng)。

People in quite a few places in China witnessed on Sunday the most anticipated celestial event of the year, an annular solar eclipse.The entire eclipse lasted about three and a half hours, but its duration as it passed over individual locations was equal to around 90 seconds.
6月21日，我國多地民眾觀賞到了最受期待的年度天文盛景“日環(huán)食”。整個(gè)“日環(huán)食”持續(xù)近三個(gè)半小時(shí)，不過在單個(gè)地點(diǎn)的持續(xù)時(shí)間約90秒。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

日環(huán)食（annular solar eclipse）是日食（solar eclipse）的一種，發(fā)生時(shí)太陽的中心部分黑暗，邊緣仍然明亮，形成光環(huán)。這是因?yàn)樵虑蛟谔柡偷厍蛑g，但是距離地球較遠(yuǎn)，不能完全遮住太陽而形成的（not close to the Earth enough to completely obscure the sun）。隨著月球位置的移動(dòng)，我們能觀測(cè)到的日食還有日全食（total solar eclipse）和日偏食（partial solar eclipse）。

Solar源于希臘語，指“of，relating to，or proceeding from the sun”（和太陽有關(guān)的或從太陽發(fā)出的），其相關(guān)的表達(dá)如：solar calendar（陽歷），solar heating system（太陽能加熱系統(tǒng)）等。

再介紹一下eclipse，由于它指代“天體的部分或全部受其它天體的遮掩而變得晦暗”，我們可以將其引申為“使黯然失色”，用在英語寫作或口語表達(dá)上會(huì)增色不少。

作名詞時(shí)，常用的搭配是in eclipse，如Fred was in eclipse, exiled to a small post in the south.（弗雷德失勢(shì)了，被打發(fā)到南方去擔(dān)任一個(gè)小差使。）作動(dòng)詞時(shí)常見be eclipsed by搭配，如：She is quite eclipsed by her clever younger sister.（在聰明的妹妹面前，她變得黯然失色。）

The annular eclipse crossed a path that started at sunrise in Africa and eventually moved across to China before ending at sunset over the Pacific Ocean.
此次日環(huán)食在日出時(shí)分出現(xiàn)在非洲，經(jīng)過中國，最終在日落時(shí)分到達(dá)太平洋上空。

In China, it was visible in central areas of the Tibet autonomous region and Sichuan province, northern areas of Guizhou province, central areas of Hunan province, southwestern regions of Jiangxi province, southern Fujian province and central areas of Taiwan.
我國境內(nèi)觀測(cè)到日環(huán)食的地區(qū)有西藏、四川、貴州北部、湖南中部、江西西南部、福建南部、以及臺(tái)灣中部地區(qū)。

天文學(xué)家表示，下一次在我國境內(nèi)觀賞日環(huán)食，要等到2030年6月1日。

北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng) Beidou Navigation Satellite System

6月23日9時(shí)43分，我國在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心用長征三號(hào)乙運(yùn)載火箭，成功發(fā)射北斗系統(tǒng)第五十五顆導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星，暨北斗三號(hào)最后一顆全球組網(wǎng)衛(wèi)星。

The launch marked the completion of the in-orbit construction of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , the country's largest space-based system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States' GPS, Russia's GLONASS and the European Union's Galileo.
此次發(fā)射標(biāo)志著北斗全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)在軌部署完成，北斗系統(tǒng)是我國最大的空間導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，也是四個(gè)全球?qū)Ш较到y(tǒng)之一，其他三個(gè)分別為美國全球定位系統(tǒng)、俄羅斯格洛納斯以及歐盟伽利略。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)（Beidou Navigation Satellite System）是中國著眼于國家安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展需要，自主建設(shè)、獨(dú)立運(yùn)行的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)（independently constructed and operated by China），是為全球用戶提供全天候、全天時(shí)、高精度的定位（all-time, all-weather and high-accuracy positioning）、導(dǎo)航和授時(shí)服務(wù)（navigation and timing services）的國家重要空間基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

中國高度重視北斗系統(tǒng)建設(shè)發(fā)展，自 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代開始探索適合國情的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)發(fā)展道路，形成了“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略：2000 年年底，建成北斗一號(hào)系統(tǒng)，向中國提供服務(wù)；2012 年年底，建成北斗二號(hào)系統(tǒng)，向亞太地區(qū)提供服務(wù)（provide services in the Asia-Pacific region）；計(jì)劃 2020 年前后，建成北斗三號(hào)系統(tǒng)，向全球提供服務(wù)（provide global services）。2035 年前，將以北斗系統(tǒng)為核心，建設(shè)完善更加泛在、更加融合、更加智能的國家綜合定位導(dǎo)航授時(shí)（positioning navigation and timing，PNT）體系。

1994年，北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)建設(shè)。20多年間，我國在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心共組織了44次北斗發(fā)射任務(wù)，利用長征三號(hào)甲系列運(yùn)載火箭，先后將4顆北斗一號(hào)試驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星（experimental satellites）、55顆北斗二號(hào)和北斗三號(hào)組網(wǎng)衛(wèi)星（third-generation satellites）送入預(yù)定軌道，任務(wù)成功率100%。

By now, 59 satellites, including the first four experimental ones, have been launched from Xichang on Long March 3Bs, some having since been put into retirement.
到目前為止，西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心通過長征三號(hào)乙運(yùn)載火箭共發(fā)射了59顆北斗衛(wèi)星，其中包括四顆試驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星，有些衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)退役。

There are 30 third-generation Beidou satellites in three types of orbit — 24 in medium-Earth orbits, three in inclined geosynchronous satellite orbits and three in geostationary orbits.
目前，在軌北斗三號(hào)衛(wèi)星共有30顆，包括24顆中圓地球軌道衛(wèi)星、3顆傾斜地球同步軌道衛(wèi)星和3顆地球靜止軌道衛(wèi)星。

家暴人員婚姻登記查詢系統(tǒng) inquiry system for domestic violence prior to marriage registration

6月22日，浙江義烏市委政法委、市法院、市婦聯(lián)、市公安、市民政和市數(shù)據(jù)管理中心等六部門聯(lián)合下發(fā)了《關(guān)于建立涉家庭暴力人員婚姻登記可查詢制度的意見（試行）》。

An inquiry system for domestic violence prior to marriage registration - the first of its kind in China - will be put into use in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, starting July 1, allowing people to check if their would-be partners have a criminal record related to beating or abusing family members.
7月1日起，我國首個(gè)涉家庭暴力人員婚姻登記查詢系統(tǒng)將在浙江省義烏市開通，人們可以通過該系統(tǒng)查詢未來的另一半是否有毆打或虐待家庭成員的記錄。

根據(jù)意見，納入家庭暴力注冊(cè)簿登記范圍的包括三種情況：

2017年起至今因?qū)嵤┘彝ケ┝π袨楸慌刑幮塘P的人員（those who have been convicted over family violence）并實(shí)時(shí)更新；

2017年起至今因?qū)嵤┘彝ケ┝π袨楸蝗嗣穹ㄔ翰枚ㄊ苋松戆踩Ｗo(hù)令限制的人員（those who have been subjected to restraining orders over family violence）并實(shí)時(shí)更新；

2017年起至今因?qū)嵤┘彝ケ┝π袨楸还矙C(jī)關(guān)處以行政拘留處罰的人員（those who have been sentenced to detention over domestic violence）并實(shí)時(shí)更新。

誰可以查詢？

根據(jù)查詢?nèi)松暾?qǐng)，查詢?nèi)颂峁┍救松矸葑C、結(jié)婚對(duì)象身份證信息（personal information about their fiances）、申請(qǐng)書、真實(shí)性和保密性責(zé)任書（statements that applicants are accountable for the authenticity of the materials and the confidentiality of the results）等材料，向婚姻登記處提交申請(qǐng)，經(jīng)審核后方可查詢對(duì)方是否有家庭暴力相關(guān)記錄。

All application materials will be strictly reviewed by the marriage registration office before the application is approved.
婚姻登記機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)申請(qǐng)材料進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格審核后予以批準(zhǔn)。

Users can only search the database twice a year, to look at the records of at most two people.
查詢注冊(cè)簿一年內(nèi)不超過2次，查詢?nèi)藬?shù)一年內(nèi)不超過2人。

Those who disseminate or use the information in the database for any purposes other than their own matrimonial decisions will “bear legal consequences”.
查詢結(jié)果只作為對(duì)其結(jié)婚對(duì)象是否曾有家暴行為真?zhèn)吻闆r的參考，除此以外的傳播和使用行為需承擔(dān)相應(yīng)法律后果。

商合杭高鐵 the Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou high-speed railway

6月28日8時(shí)56分，G9394次復(fù)興號(hào)列車從合肥南站始發(fā)，駛向杭州東站。至此，商合杭高鐵實(shí)現(xiàn)全線貫通。

With a designed speed of 350 kph, the route connects the city of Shangqiu in central China's Henan province, and Hefei and Hangzhou, the capital cities of east China's Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. The northern section of the railway, from Shangqiu to Hefei, went into operation in December 2019, according to China State Railway Group.
該線路設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)速350公里，連接河南省商丘、安徽省省會(huì)合肥，以及浙江省省會(huì)杭州。據(jù)國鐵集團(tuán)介紹，該線路北段，即商丘至合肥段，于去年12月正式開通運(yùn)營。

商合杭高鐵（the Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou high-speed railway）一路銜接鄭徐、合蚌、合福、合寧、寧安、寧杭和去年12月初剛通車的鄭阜等7條既有高鐵（existing high-speed railway），合安、湖杭、滬蘇湖等3條在建高鐵（high-speed railways under construction）和京港高鐵阜九段、阜淮、亳蚌、淮蚌、合新、巢馬、寧宣、宣績等8條規(guī)劃高速鐵路和城際鐵路（planned high-speed railways and inter-city railways），連接商丘、阜陽、合肥、蕪湖和杭州五個(gè)鐵路樞紐（railway hubs），是我國高速鐵路、客運(yùn)專線建設(shè)中銜接關(guān)系最為復(fù)雜的項(xiàng)目。通過商合杭高鐵，旅客可以融入更為廣闊的全國高鐵網(wǎng)（high-speed railway network），更快到達(dá)更多目的地。

The opening of the new route will further optimize the railway network in the country’s central and eastern regions and greatly ease the mounting pressure on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line to provide a more convenient travel experience for passengers along the route, the company said.
該線路的貫通將進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化我國中東部鐵路網(wǎng)，極大緩解京滬高鐵線路的運(yùn)行壓力，沿線居民出行將更加便捷。

The line is also expected to spur the rise of the central region and boost the integrated regional development of the Yangtze River Delta, it added.
該線路也將對(duì)促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起，推動(dòng)長三角區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展，具有重要意義。

義務(wù)教育 compulsory education

近日，教育部等十部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)控輟保學(xué)工作 健全義務(wù)教育有保障長效機(jī)制的若干意見》。

The completion rate of nine-year compulsory education is expected to reach 95 percent by the end of 2020, the guideline said, calling for ongoing efforts to make sure children from impoverished families have access to compulsory education.
意見提出，貧困家庭義務(wù)教育階段適齡兒童少年不失學(xué)輟學(xué)，確保2020年全國九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率達(dá)到95%。

【單詞講解】

Compulsory這個(gè)詞我們都很熟悉，表示“強(qiáng)制的，義務(wù)的，必須做的”意思，除了表示“義務(wù)教育（compulsory education）”以外，學(xué)校里設(shè)置的“必修課”是compulsory courses，再比如，It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.（所有騎摩托車的人都必須戴頭盔。）

意見強(qiáng)調(diào)，確保建檔立卡貧困家庭輟學(xué)學(xué)生今年秋季學(xué)期全部應(yīng)返盡返（make sure all dropouts from impoverished families return to school in the fall）。堅(jiān)決防止因疫情造成新的輟學(xué)（prevent any new dropouts due to the COVID-19 pandemic）。

意見明確了切實(shí)解決因?qū)W習(xí)困難、外出打工、早婚早育、信教而輟學(xué)等問題的辦法。

Education, public security, human resources and social security authorities should share information about any students who start working before age 16, and authorities should punish employers that hire those students, the guideline said.
教育部門會(huì)同公安、人力資源社會(huì)保障部門建立協(xié)作勸返機(jī)制，及時(shí)相互通報(bào)16歲以下學(xué)生外出打工信息，嚴(yán)厲打擊使用童工違法犯罪行為。

Authorities should use various means, including persuasion, financial aid and even administrative and legal punishment of parents to encourage dropout students to return to school and prevent new dropouts, it added.
各地要利用規(guī)勸、經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，甚至對(duì)父母采取行政及法律處罰等多種方式做好輟學(xué)適齡兒童少年的勸返復(fù)學(xué)工作，防止造成新的輟學(xué)。

【單詞講解】

這里的dropout是名詞，表示“輟學(xué)”，其動(dòng)詞形式為drop out，常見的搭配為drop out of school。Drop常見的短語搭配還有drop in/by（順便拜訪），比如：Drop in/by any time—we're always home.（隨時(shí)來都可以，我們都在家。）如果要表明順便拜訪的對(duì)象則多用drop in on someone表示，比如：I hate to drop in on people when they aren't expecting me.（我不喜歡貿(mào)然造訪別人家。）

The number of dropout students in China has nose-dived from 600,000 in early 2019 to 6,781 on June 14, thanks to the nation's poverty alleviation efforts, the guideline said.
得益于我國的脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，我國的輟學(xué)學(xué)生數(shù)由2019年初的60萬銳減至今年6月14日的6781。

There were only 97 students from families registered as impoverished who were not attending primary and middle schools by June, down from 200,000 in early 2019, it said.
截至6月，我國建檔立卡貧困家庭輟學(xué)學(xué)生已由2019年初的20萬減少至97人。