本土疫情 domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases

6月13日凌晨，北京新發(fā)地批發(fā)市場董事長張玉璽表示：“相關(guān)部門抽檢時從切割進口三文魚的案板中檢測到了新冠病毒，而該產(chǎn)品的貨源來自京深海鮮市場?！?/p>

據(jù)報道，受該消息影響，北京的主要商超企業(yè)昨日都已連夜下架全部三文魚。

Experts said it is extremely unlikely for seafood like salmon to be the carrier of the novel coronavirus, which was found on cutting boards for imported salmon at Beijing's Xinfadi wholesale market.
北京新發(fā)地批發(fā)市場切三文魚的案板中檢測到了新冠病毒，專家表示，像三文魚之類的海鮮不太可能成為新冠病毒的載體。

中國疾病預防控制中心流行病學首席專家吳尊友表示，

Fish in their natural habitat cannot catch coronavirus, however, they can be contaminated by workers during capture or transportation.
魚類在其自然棲息地不會帶新冠病毒，不過在捕撈或運輸過程中可能被工作人員污染。

Our seafood products are typically stored and transported in cold containers, thus it is possible for the virus to be preserved for a long time and increase the likelihood of infecting people.
很多海產(chǎn)品都是冷凍儲存，在這樣的環(huán)境下，病毒能夠存活很長時間，傳染人的幾率也更大。

他認為，據(jù)既往的知識和經(jīng)驗初步判斷，北京突然出現(xiàn)本土新冠疫情，有兩種可能性：

The first may be the influx of meat and seafood to the market from all over the country and around the world. Some of it may have been contaminated by infected workers during processing and transportation, then the virus jumped from produce to people.
第一種可能，批發(fā)市場里被新冠病毒污染的海產(chǎn)品或肉類是源頭。批發(fā)市場很多海產(chǎn)品、肉類等都是外地輸入的，包括海外進口。新冠病毒感染者在處理和運輸這些產(chǎn)品時可能會造成污染，從而導致經(jīng)手處理的員工感染病毒。

The second possibility is person-to-person transmission. "The infected person who brought the virus into the market might be asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms, and the hustle and bustle of the market led to the cluster of new infections," he said.
第二種可能是人傳人。他可能是一個從其他疫源地過來的人，被感染之后沒有癥狀或癥狀很輕，此后對新發(fā)地批發(fā)市場造成了污染，導致了疫情的集聚。

國家衛(wèi)健委高級別專家組成員、中國疾控中心流行病學前首席科學家曾光表示，

Based on preliminary analysis of the two early cases, the coronavirus strain in the latest outbreak is different from the ones found in China, and early data suggest it is a mutated variety from Europe.
根據(jù)對兩個病例樣本的初步分析，此次發(fā)病的病毒毒株不像是國內(nèi)流行的類型，初步數(shù)據(jù)顯示，可能是從歐洲方向來的變異類型。

However, people should take this finding with a grain of salt as more testing is being conducted to confirm the origin of virus.
不過，人們對這個結(jié)論也不可輕信，確認病毒來源還需進行更多檢測。

新的疫情發(fā)生后，北京市迅速采取了應對措施。

All personnel in the Xinfadi market and nearby residents will receive nucleic acid tests and be put under medical observation. Those who have had close contact with workers at the market since May 30 should take the initiative to report to their employers and communities, and go through testing.
新發(fā)地市場所有工作人員及周邊居民都將接受核酸檢測及醫(yī)學觀察。5月30日以來與該市場工作人員有過接觸的人員應主動向單位和社區(qū)報備，并接受核酸檢測。

From 3 am on Saturday, the market has been shut down for probes into its contamination and infection risk, as well as cleaning and disinfection.
6月13日凌晨3時起，新發(fā)地市場閉市進行病毒感染風險調(diào)查以及消殺。

Eleven residential areas nearby are now closed to nonresidents, and several primary schools and kindergartens near the market are suspended.
周邊11個居民小區(qū)封閉管理，小學和幼兒園停課。

Five suspended trade fairs have been disinfected and 252 agricultural product markets that are in operation are urged to conduct disinfection on a daily basis.
五個休市的交易市場進行消殺，另外252個還在營業(yè)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品交易市場要求每天進行消毒。

All hospitals were required to perform nucleic acid and antibody tests, a CT scan and a routine blood test on patients with a fever.
要求所有醫(yī)院對發(fā)熱病人進行核算檢測、抗體檢測、CT以及血常規(guī)檢查。

抗疫特別國債 special government bonds for covid-19 control

為籌集財政資金，統(tǒng)籌推進疫情防控和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，財政部決定發(fā)行2020年抗疫特別國債（一、二期），兩期國債競爭性招標面值總額合計1000億元。

財政部發(fā)布的公告指出，

The Ministry of Finance will issue two batches of fixed-rate special bonds, including 50 billion yuan of five-year bonds and 50 billion yuan of seven-year bonds. Both will be listed and traded on June 23, 2020.
在這兩期特別國債中，一期為5年期固定利率附息債，二期為7年期固定利率附息債。兩期國債競爭性招標面值總額均為500億元，6月23日起上市交易。

【知識點】

國債（government bonds/treasury bonds）是由國家發(fā)行的債券（government debt securities issued by the central government），是中央政府為籌集財政資金而發(fā)行的一種政府債券，是中央政府向投資者出具的、承諾在一定時期支付利息（pay periodic interest）和到期償還本金（pay a par amount equal to the principal at maturity）的債權(quán)債務(wù)憑證，由于國債的發(fā)行主體是國家，所以它具有最高的信用度，被公認為是最安全的投資工具。

我國的國債由財政部代表中央政府發(fā)行，除因為一些特殊項目而發(fā)行的特別國債外，常見的普通國債一般分為憑證式國債（certificated treasury bonds）和記賬式國債（book-entry treasury bonds）。

今年的《政府工作報告》提出：

The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year. On top of this, one trillion yuan of government bonds for covid-19 control will also be issued. These are extraordinary measures for an unusual time.
今年赤字率擬按3.6%以上安排，財政赤字規(guī)模比去年增加1萬億元，同時發(fā)行1萬億元抗疫特別國債。這是特殊時期的特殊舉措。

The aforementioned two trillion yuan will be transferred in full to local governments; a special transfer payment mechanism will be set up to ensure that funds go straight to prefecture and county governments and directly benefit businesses and people. These funds should be primarily used to ensure employment, meet basic living needs, and protect market entities. This includes giving support to cut taxes and fees, reduce rents and interest on loans, and increase consumption and investment. It is important to stress that government funds are public in nature and that no such funds are allowed to be withheld or diverted for non-designated uses.
上述2萬億元全部轉(zhuǎn)給地方，建立特殊轉(zhuǎn)移支付機制，資金直達市縣基層、直接惠企利民，主要用于保就業(yè)、?；久裆?、保市場主體，包括支持減稅降費、減租降息、擴大消費和投資等，強化公共財政屬性，決不允許截留挪用。

財政部副部長許宏才日前公開表示，抗疫特別國債主要用于有一定的資產(chǎn)收益保障的公共衛(wèi)生等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和抗疫的相關(guān)支出（infrastructure construction related to COVID-19 control），包括支持小微企業(yè)發(fā)展（support the development of small and micro enterprises）、財政貼息、減免租金補貼（provide fiscal and rent subsidies）等。

應急響應級別 the emergency response level

在6月16日晚間召開的北京市新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情防控工作新聞發(fā)布會上，北京市人民政府副秘書長陳蓓表示，經(jīng)北京新冠肺炎疫情防控工作領(lǐng)導小組研究，按程序報批后，確定自6月16日起北京市突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生應急響應級別由三級調(diào)至二級（upgraded the emergency response to COVID-19 from level III to II）。

北京市應急響應級別由三級調(diào)至二級后，將堅持“九嚴格”措施，包括嚴格社區(qū)封閉式管理（closed-off management）和健康監(jiān)測（health monitoring）；嚴格公共交通體溫檢測和公共場所測溫驗碼等措施；嚴格進出京管控等。

People entering the city from overseas will be put under medical observation at designated places, and undergo nucleic acid tests.
境外入京人員全部集中觀察和核酸檢測。

Those from the medium- and high-risk neighborhoods and relevant people from the Xinfadi farm produce market, where most of the new confirmed cases are related, are not allowed to leave Beijing.
中高風險街鄉(xiāng)、新發(fā)地市場相關(guān)人員禁止離京。

Classes are moved online for primary and middle school students, and class resumption of college students will be suspended.
恢復中小學各年級線上教學，高校學生停止返校。

The capital city demands certain team sports such as basketball, football and volleyball, to come to a halt.
停止開放籃球、排球、足球等團體性及對抗性運動項目。

Venues of cultural entertainment, swimming pools and gyms will remain closed.
關(guān)閉文化娛樂場所和地下空間體育健身場所、游泳館等。

Interprovincial group tours will be suspended.
停止開放境內(nèi)跨省區(qū)團隊旅游業(yè)務(wù)。

Beijing will strictly enforce epidemic prevention measures in farmers' markets, restaurants, and canteens, and strengthen monitoring. Employees in those places must wear masks and gloves.
將對農(nóng)貿(mào)市場、餐館、食堂等采取嚴格的防控舉措，加強監(jiān)控。上述場所工作人員須佩戴口罩和手套。

The Chinese capital reported 106 domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases from June 11 to 15. Beijing has listed 27 neighborhoods as medium-risk zones, and one high-risk neighborhood.
6月11日至15日，北京市已報告106例本土傳播病例，27個社區(qū)被列為中風險地區(qū)，1個社區(qū)為高風險地區(qū)。

出行管控 travel restrictions

為防止疫情風險擴散，北京嚴禁三類涉疫風險人員出京，并嚴格中高低風險地區(qū)進（返）京人員管控。

Beijing will carry out strict travel restrictions to curb the spread of COVID-19 and people at high risk are forbidden to leave the city, Pan Xuhong, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, said at a news conference on Thursday morning.
北京市公安局副局長潘緒宏6月18日上午表示，為防止疫情風險擴散，北京市將采取嚴格的出行限制措施。

北京嚴禁三類涉疫風險人員出京，并嚴格中高低風險地區(qū)進（返）京人員管控。

三類人員具體包括：

The first category includes confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected cases, close contacts, asymptomatic carriers and people with fever.
一是全市確診病例、疑似病例、密切接觸者、無癥狀感染者和有發(fā)熱癥狀人員。

The second covers those who have visited Xinfadi wholesale farm-produce market or had close contact with relevant staff since May 30.
二是5月30日以來進出新發(fā)地批發(fā)市場和與市場工作人員有過密切接觸的人員。

The third includes people living in medium- and high-risk areas.
三是中高風險地區(qū)人員。

Other personnel should avoid unessential travels outside Beijing, Pan said, adding that a negative nucleic-acid test certificate issued within the past seven days is a must for those who really need to leave the city.
全市其他人員原則上堅持“非必要不出京”，確需離京的，須持7日內(nèi)核酸檢測陰性證明。

同時，民航、鐵路部門對全市確診病例（confirmed cases）、疑似病例（suspected cases）、密切接觸者（close contacts）、無癥狀感染者（asymptomatic carriers），以及5月30日以來進出新發(fā)地批發(fā)市場和與市場工作人員有過密切接觸的人員，實行購票限制（impose restrictions on the purchase of tickets）。

The civil aviation and railway sectors will check temperatures and the negative nucleic acid test reports of outbound passengers before boarding.
民航、鐵路部門對出京人員登機、登車前進行體溫檢測，查驗核酸檢測陰性證明。

All interprovincal bus lines operated by Beijing's carriers will be suspended starting from June 19.
6月19日起，北京市所有省際客運站運營的省際客運班線全部停運。