6月，我國南方多地進入汛期，強降雨導(dǎo)致的洪澇災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致26個?。▍^(qū)、市）1300多萬人次受災(zāi)；武漢公布全面核酸檢測結(jié)果；北京出現(xiàn)本土傳播新疫情，對三類人群實行出行管控；民航局對入境航班實施航班獎勵和熔斷措施；中新“快捷通道”啟動；抗疫特別國債上市發(fā)行；夏至當(dāng)日巧遇“金邊日環(huán)食”；北斗三號最后一顆全球組網(wǎng)衛(wèi)星發(fā)射成功；商合杭高鐵全線貫通。

未成年人司法保護 judicial protection work of minors

6月1日，最高人民檢察院發(fā)布《未成年人檢察工作白皮書（2014—2019）》。

The number of crimes committed by minors has rebounded in the last two years, and the number of crimes against minors is also increasing, according to a white paper released by the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Monday.
最高人民檢察院發(fā)布的白皮書顯示，近兩年，未成年人犯罪數(shù)量有所回升、侵害未成年人犯罪數(shù)量呈上升態(tài)勢。

The white book reviewed judicial protection work of minors from 2014 to 2019.
白皮書全面梳理總結(jié)了2014至2019年全國檢察機關(guān)未成年人司法保護工作。

【單詞講解】

Minor這個詞用法很多，可以用作動詞、名詞和形容詞。在法律上，minor指未滿18歲的人，即“未成年人”。在學(xué)校里，minor可以指“輔修（課程）”或者“輔修生”，與major（專業(yè)）相對，比如，I'm minoring in computer science./Computer science is my minor.（我輔修計算機科學(xué)。）用作形容詞的時候，minor也是與major相對的，表示“次要的、輕微的、小的”，比如，She played a number of minor roles in films.（她在電影里扮演過一些小角色。）

英語中關(guān)于“青少年犯罪”有一個固定的說法juvenile delinquency/juvenile offending，juvenile指“未成年、青少年”，也可以形容某人“孩子氣的、幼稚的”。Delinquency這個詞指“違法行為”，尤指青少年的違法行為，實施違法行為的青少年就可以稱為delinquent。

白皮書通過對近年來涉未成年人刑事案件情況進行分析指出，當(dāng)前未成年人犯罪總體形勢趨穩(wěn)向好，未成年人涉嫌嚴(yán)重暴力犯罪（serious violent crimes）和毒品犯罪（drug crimes）、校園欺凌（school bullying）和暴力犯罪、14至16周歲未成年人犯罪（ crimes committed by minors between the ages of 14 to 16 ）數(shù)量逐步減少，未成年人重新犯罪率整體平穩(wěn)。但未成年人犯罪數(shù)量有所回升，未成年人聚眾斗毆（brawl）、尋釁滋事（affray）、強奸（rape）犯罪人數(shù)上升；同時，性侵害（sexual abuse）、暴力傷害未成年人（violence against minors），成年人拉攏、誘迫未成年人參與黑惡犯罪（adults inducing minors to participate in gang crimes）等問題相對突出。

From 2014 to 2019, procuratorial organs investigated and arrested 284,569 juvenile suspects, of which nearly 88,953 were dismissed after investigations.
2014年至2019年，全國檢察機關(guān)共受理審查逮捕未成年犯罪嫌疑人284569人，經(jīng)審查，不批準(zhǔn)逮捕88953人。

據(jù)介紹，最高檢工作規(guī)劃已明確要探索建立包括臨界預(yù)防、保護處分、家庭教育在內(nèi)的罪錯未成年人分級處遇制度（a hierarchical intervention system for delinquent minors）。

日前，最高檢、公安部等9部門會簽下發(fā)了《關(guān)于建立侵害未成年人案件強制報告制度的意見（試行）》。《意見》規(guī)定了性侵（sexual assault）、虐待（abuse）、欺凌（bullying）、遺棄（abandonment）、拐賣（trafficking）等九類應(yīng)當(dāng)報告的情形，報告責(zé)任主體向公安機關(guān)報案或舉報的，應(yīng)按照主管行政機關(guān)要求報告?zhèn)浒浮?/p>

武漢集中核酸檢測 mass nucleic acid testing

湖北省新冠肺炎疫情防控指揮部6月2日下午召開新聞發(fā)布會，介紹武漢市集中核酸檢測排查工作情況。

Lu Zuxun, a public health professor at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said from May 14 to June 1, the city conducted nucleic acid tests on 9,899,828 residents and reported 300 asymptomatic cases who show no clear symptoms despite carrying the virus. No confirmed COVID-19 cases were found in the process, and all the 1,174 people in close contact have tested negative for the infection, according to Lu.
華中科技大學(xué)同濟醫(yī)學(xué)院公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院教授盧祖洵介紹，5月14日0時至6月1日24時，武漢市集中核酸檢測9899828人，沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)確診病例，檢出無癥狀感染者300名，追蹤密切接觸者1174名，其核酸檢測結(jié)果均為陰性。

武漢市委常委、常務(wù)副市長胡亞波說，本次集中核酸檢測費用由政府承擔(dān)，通過集中采購降低成本，總支出大約9億元。

"The physical lockdown on the city was lifted on April 8, and after the testing campaign was finished, the psychological lockdown on Wuhan people, who have made great sacrifices fighting the epidemic, has also been lifted," he said.
4月8日，武漢實現(xiàn)了物理意義上的解封，集中核酸檢測排查后，“封城”期間作出巨大犧牲的武漢人民實現(xiàn)了心理上的解封。

The mass testing has helped reassure people in Wuhan and other regions in the country and will accelerate the city's efforts to restore its social and economic development.
通過這次篩查，換來了全國人民的放心、武漢人民的安心，必將推動城市經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展盡快步入正軌。

如何在十多天內(nèi)完成近千萬人核酸檢測

武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委員會副主任王衛(wèi)華介紹說，武漢市通過3個途徑，將日檢測能力從30萬人份快速突破100萬人份。

一是挖掘內(nèi)部潛力。

By adding 40 medical institutions and disease control centers to conduct the tests, the city had 63 institutions analyze the test samples, which significantly increased the city's testing capacity.
武漢動員了40家醫(yī)療機構(gòu)和疾控中心共同參與，這樣全市檢測機構(gòu)增加到63家，大大提升了核酸日檢測能力。

二是調(diào)集全國資源。

These institutions also mobilized staff and equipment from around the country, with staff members increasing from 419 to 1,451 and testing equipment increasing from 215 pieces to 701.
武漢市各檢測機構(gòu)在全國范圍內(nèi)調(diào)集人員、增添設(shè)備，檢測工作人員從419人增加到1451人，設(shè)備從215臺套增加到701臺套。

三是采用科學(xué)的方法。

Batch testing, which mixes no more than five samples in a single test, was employed to improve efficiency.
混檢單次不超過5個樣本合并檢測，這樣在短時間內(nèi)提升了檢測效率。

武漢市通過這三個途徑，將日檢測能力從30萬人份快速突破100萬人份（daily testing capability increased from 300,000 to more than 1 million）。

國家自主貢獻 nationally determined contributions

生態(tài)環(huán)境部新聞發(fā)言人劉友賓6月2日指出，在常態(tài)化疫情防控前提下，生態(tài)環(huán)境部門將努力克服新冠肺炎疫情帶來的不利影響，扎實推進生態(tài)環(huán)境治理各項工作。

China will fully implement its commitment to nationally determined contributions (NDCs) on climate change under the Paris climate agreement despite the coronavirus outbreak, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
生態(tài)環(huán)境部表示，我國將克服新冠肺炎疫情影響，堅決完成《巴黎氣候協(xié)定》中承諾的氣候變化國家自主貢獻目標(biāo)。

【知識點】

國家自主貢獻（nationally determined contributions）指根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約（the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）》締約方會議相關(guān)決定，提出的中國應(yīng)對氣候變化的強化行動和措施（enhanced actions and measures on climate change）。

中國在2009年提出的應(yīng)對氣候變化行動目標(biāo)是：

By 2020 it will lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% from the 2005 level, increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to about 15% and increase the forested area by 40 million hectares and the forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters compared to the 2005 levels.
到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%－45%，非化石能源占一次能源消費比重達到15%左右，森林面積比2005年增加4000萬公頃，森林蓄積量比2005年增加13億立方米。

到2030年的自主行動目標(biāo)：

To achieve the peaking of carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and making best efforts to peak early;
二氧化碳排放2030年左右達到峰值并爭取盡早達峰；

To lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% to 65% from the 2005 level;
單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降60%－65%；

To increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20%;
非化石能源占一次能源消費比重達到20%左右；

To increase the forest stock volume by around 4.5 billion cubic meters on the 2005 level.
森林蓄積量比2005年增加45億立方米左右。

生態(tài)環(huán)境部新聞發(fā)言人劉友賓表示：

China’s carbon emission reduction will not change with the occurrence of the epidemic and China would “100%” fulfil its NDC commitment.
中國的碳減排行動不會因為疫情而改變，會百分百履行國家自主貢獻承諾。

生態(tài)環(huán)境部近日發(fā)布的報告顯示，

Air quality in the country continued to improve, with 337 cities at and above the prefecture-level recording good air quality on an average of 82 percent days last year.
2019年，我國空氣質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善，全國337個地級及以上城市優(yōu)良天數(shù)平均達到82%。

Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP fell 4.1 percent in 2019 from the previous year, meeting the country's annual target.
2019年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放同比下降4.1%，完成年度預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

航班熔斷機制 "circuit breaker" mechanism for airlines

中國民用航空局6月4日發(fā)布關(guān)于調(diào)整國際客運航班的通知。自2020年6月8日起，實施航班獎勵和熔斷措施。

The Civil Aviation Administration of China, along with multiple departments including the National Health Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, will introduce a "reward" and "circuit breaker" mechanism for airlines based on passenger nucleic acid test results upon arrival in order to contain the number of imported cases of COVID-19.
民航局與國家衛(wèi)健委以及外交部等多部門將推出以落地后乘客核酸檢測結(jié)果為依據(jù)的航班獎勵和熔斷機制，以控制新冠肺炎輸入病例。

As an incentive, carriers will be allowed to increase the number of international flights to two per week on one route if the number of passengers who have a positive nucleic acid test on their flights stands at zero for three consecutive weeks, according to the administration.
獎勵措施是指航空公司同一航線航班，入境后核酸檢測結(jié)果為陽性的旅客人數(shù)連續(xù)3周為零的，可在航線經(jīng)營許可規(guī)定的航班量范圍內(nèi)增加每周1班，達到每周2班。

The airline must suspend the operation of the route for one week if the number of passengers who test positive for the coronavirus reaches five. If the number exceeds 10, the airline will suspend the flights for four weeks, it said.
航空公司同一航線航班，入境后核酸檢測結(jié)果為陽性的旅客人數(shù)達到5個的，暫停該公司該航線運行1周；達到10個的，暫停該公司該航線運行4周。

國際客運航班調(diào)整后，預(yù)計目前保持通航的23個國家44個航空公司每周最多增加航班44班。按照3月26日以來每周實際執(zhí)行率75%測算，每周航班實際增加50班（add 50 international flights）；預(yù)計每周航空口岸入境人數(shù)約33000人，平均每日入境人數(shù)（the average number of daily inbound passengers）約4700人。

根據(jù)通知，已列入民航局3月12日發(fā)布的“國際航班信息發(fā)布（第5期）”航班計劃的中外航空公司將繼續(xù)按照以下原則執(zhí)行自/至中國的國際客運航班：

國內(nèi)每家航空公司經(jīng)營至任一國家的航線只能保留1條，每條航線每周運營班次不得超過1班（domestic carriers can fly just one flight a week on one route to any country）；外國每家航空公司經(jīng)營至我國的航線只能保留1條（operate only one inbound route），每周運營班次不得超過1班。

Overseas airlines that currently cannot operate flights to China will be permitted once-per-week flights into one of 37 port cities of their choosing starting on Monday.
自2020年6月8日起，此前不能經(jīng)營至我國航線的外國航空公司可以從37個中國口岸城市中選擇1個具備接收能力的城市，每周運營1班國際客運航線航班。

中新“快捷通道” China-Singapore fast lane

Starting Monday, people from Singapore and six Chinese municipalities and provinces can make essential business or official trips without having to go through the required 14-day quarantine period.
從6月8日起，新加坡和中國6個省市的人員可以進行必要的商務(wù)和公務(wù)往來，無需完成此前要求的14天隔離。

根據(jù)外交部發(fā)言人趙立堅介紹，

中新“快捷通道（ China-Singapore fast lane）”是指：雙方有需要的商務(wù)和公務(wù)人員（business and official travelers）可通過對方負責(zé)接待的企業(yè)和政府機構(gòu)提出申請（applications submitted by the companies or government departments to receive them in the destination country），經(jīng)主管部門審批同意后，有關(guān)人員可按規(guī)定申請簽證，經(jīng)離境前健康監(jiān)測和入境后檢疫檢測合格，可以縮短入境后的隔離時間，其后按閉環(huán)原則全程接受有效管理（their whole stay in the destination country will be effectively managed, forming a closed loop to ensure safety）。

The first phase of the China-Singapore fast lane will be implemented between Singapore and six Chinese provinces (municipalities) including Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong. The two sides will gradually expand the implementation scope and discuss the gradual resumption of commercial flights between the two countries, depending on the circumstances.
中新“快捷通道”第一階段在中國上海、天津、重慶、江蘇、浙江、廣東等6省（市）同新加坡之間實施，雙方將視情逐步擴大通道適用范圍，并探討逐步恢復(fù)兩國間商業(yè)航班。

新加坡是第二個與中國建立“快捷通道”的亞洲國家。中韓兩國“快捷通道”已于5月1日正式開通。

The "fast track" arrangement between China and the ROK was applicable to ten Chinese provinces and cities at the beginning. ROK travelers can apply for visa after applications submitted by their companies are approved. After passing through health-screening and quarantine procedures, they will be quarantined for a shorter period of time in China, and their whole stay in China will be effectively managed, forming a closed loop to ensure safety.
中方首批有十個省市適用“快捷通道”辦法，有需要的韓方企業(yè)需要提出申請并經(jīng)審批同意。此后，相關(guān)韓方人員可以按規(guī)定申請來華簽證，經(jīng)過健康監(jiān)測、檢疫檢測合格，可以縮短入境后的隔離時間，其后總體按閉環(huán)原則全程接受有效管理。

Chinese travelers to the ROK who wish to use the "fast track" need to apply for exemption from quarantine when applying for visa from the ROK embassy or consulates in China. If they meet the conditions for approval of the ROK side and test negative for the coronavirus before departing for and after arriving in the ROK, they will be exempted from quarantine and accept flexible epidemic prevention management of the ROK side.
希望適用“快捷通道”的中方人員須向韓國駐華使領(lǐng)館申辦簽證同時申請免除隔離，如符合韓方審批條件且出境前、入境后檢疫檢測合格，可以免除隔離，接受韓方動態(tài)防疫管理。

外交部發(fā)言人表示：

At present, the fast lane between China and the ROK has been implemented smoothly and yielding good results. The implementation of the fast lane between China and Singapore is on the way, and I believe it will achieve the desired goals. We are also ready to continue to explore similar arrangements with other countries. While doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control, we are also committed to resuming necessary people-to-people exchanges, providing support for the resumption of work and production as well as deeper cooperation in both countries, and contributing to the economic and social recovery and development of the region and the world at large.
目前，中韓“快捷通道”順利實施，效果良好。中新“快捷通道”實施在即，相信也會達到預(yù)期效果。我們也愿繼續(xù)同各國探討類似安排，在做好疫情防控的同時致力于恢復(fù)必要人員往來，為各自國家復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)、深化彼此合作提供支持，為地區(qū)和世界經(jīng)濟社會的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展提供助力。