為籌集財(cái)政資金，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展，財(cái)政部決定發(fā)行2020年抗疫特別國(guó)債（一、二期），兩期國(guó)債競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性招標(biāo)面值總額合計(jì)1000億元。

財(cái)政部發(fā)布的公告指出，

The Ministry of Finance will issue two batches of fixed-rate special bonds, including 50 billion yuan of five-year bonds and 50 billion yuan of seven-year bonds. Both will be listed and traded on June 23, 2020.
在這兩期特別國(guó)債中，一期為5年期固定利率附息債，二期為7年期固定利率附息債。兩期國(guó)債競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性招標(biāo)面值總額均為500億元，6月23日起上市交易。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

國(guó)債（government bonds/treasury bonds）是由國(guó)家發(fā)行的債券（government debt securities issued by the central government），是中央政府為籌集財(cái)政資金而發(fā)行的一種政府債券，是中央政府向投資者出具的、承諾在一定時(shí)期支付利息（pay periodic interest）和到期償還本金（pay a par amount equal to the principal at maturity）的債權(quán)債務(wù)憑證，由于國(guó)債的發(fā)行主體是國(guó)家，所以它具有最高的信用度，被公認(rèn)為是最安全的投資工具。

我國(guó)的國(guó)債由財(cái)政部代表中央政府發(fā)行，除因?yàn)橐恍┨厥忭?xiàng)目而發(fā)行的特別國(guó)債外，常見(jiàn)的普通國(guó)債一般分為憑證式國(guó)債（certificated treasury bonds）和記賬式國(guó)債（book-entry treasury bonds）。

今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》提出：

The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year. On top of this, one trillion yuan of government bonds for covid-19 control will also be issued. These are extraordinary measures for an unusual time.
今年赤字率擬按3.6%以上安排，財(cái)政赤字規(guī)模比去年增加1萬(wàn)億元，同時(shí)發(fā)行1萬(wàn)億元抗疫特別國(guó)債。這是特殊時(shí)期的特殊舉措。

The aforementioned two trillion yuan will be transferred in full to local governments; a special transfer payment mechanism will be set up to ensure that funds go straight to prefecture and county governments and directly benefit businesses and people. These funds should be primarily used to ensure employment, meet basic living needs, and protect market entities. This includes giving support to cut taxes and fees, reduce rents and interest on loans, and increase consumption and investment. It is important to stress that government funds are public in nature and that no such funds are allowed to be withheld or diverted for non-designated uses.
上述2萬(wàn)億元全部轉(zhuǎn)給地方，建立特殊轉(zhuǎn)移支付機(jī)制，資金直達(dá)市縣基層、直接惠企利民，主要用于保就業(yè)、?；久裆?、保市場(chǎng)主體，包括支持減稅降費(fèi)、減租降息、擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)和投資等，強(qiáng)化公共財(cái)政屬性，決不允許截留挪用。

財(cái)政部副部長(zhǎng)許宏才日前公開(kāi)表示，抗疫特別國(guó)債主要用于有一定的資產(chǎn)收益保障的公共衛(wèi)生等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和抗疫的相關(guān)支出（infrastructure construction related to COVID-19 control），包括支持小微企業(yè)發(fā)展（support the development of small and micro enterprises）、財(cái)政貼息、減免租金補(bǔ)貼（provide fiscal and rent subsidies）等。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需
expand domestic demand

改善居民心理預(yù)期
inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs

鼓勵(lì)增加即期消費(fèi)
encourage more immediate consumption

長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債
long-term treasury bonds

支付國(guó)債利息
to service treasury bonds

參考來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）