十三屆全國人大三次會(huì)議5月28日表決通過了《全國人民代表大會(huì)關(guān)于建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護(hù)國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機(jī)制的決定》。香港特區(qū)政府、各界團(tuán)體和人士紛紛表示歡迎和支持，將全力配合盡快完成相關(guān)立法工作，維護(hù)國家安全、守護(hù)香港。
On May 28, the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC) adopted at its Third Session the NPC Decision on Establishing and Improving the Legal System and Enforcement Mechanisms for Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). The HKSAR government and various social groups and individuals in Hong Kong have welcomed and supported the decision, and pledged to facilitate the early completion of the legislative process with maximum efforts to safeguard national security and protect Hong Kong.

很多國家和國際人士認(rèn)為,中國涉港國家安全立法符合法律法理、情勢(shì)需要、人民期待、國際慣例，任何希望香港明天更好的人都應(yīng)支持中國全國人大的決定。但極個(gè)別外國政客妄加評(píng)論、橫加指責(zé)，粗暴干涉香港事務(wù)和中國內(nèi)政。我們梳理了6個(gè)有代表性的謬論，以下是你需要知道的事實(shí)真相。
It is a view widely shared in the global community that China’s national security legislation for Hong Kong is legally sound and consistent with international common practices. It is driven by the situation on the ground and meets the aspiration of the people. Anyone who wishes Hong Kong a better future would support the NPC’s decision. However, a handful of foreign politicians are going all out to make unwarranted accusations and blatantly interfere in Hong Kong-related affairs, which are purely China’s internal affairs. The following are the six typical falsehoods about the legislation and the facts that you need to know.

謬論1：中國推進(jìn)涉港國家安全立法沒有法理依據(jù)，是把法律強(qiáng)加于香港。
Falsehood #1: It is not legitimate for China to enact national security legislation for Hong Kong or, in other words, to impose it on Hong Kong.

事實(shí)：維護(hù)國家安全歷來是各國中央事權(quán)。中國中央政府對(duì)維護(hù)國家安全負(fù)有最大和最終的責(zé)任。世界上任何國家，無論實(shí)行單一制還是聯(lián)邦制，國家安全立法都屬于國家立法權(quán)力。全國人大是中國最高權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)。
The truth is: The Central Government of China holds the primary and ultimate responsibility for national security, as is the case in any other country. In all countries, unitary and federal alike, the power to legislate on national security rests solely with the central government. And the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China.

◆澳大利亞有2部國安法，英國有3部，加拿大有5部，而僅美國一家就有多達(dá)20部。
◆Australia has two national security laws, the United Kingdom has three, Canada has five, and the United States alone has more than 20 such laws.

◆中國憲法第31條規(guī)定，“國家在必要時(shí)得設(shè)立特別行政區(qū)，在特別行政區(qū)內(nèi)實(shí)行的制度按具體情況由全國人民代表大會(huì)以法律規(guī)定”。全國人大作為國家最高權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)，有權(quán)力也有責(zé)任依據(jù)憲法和基本法，根據(jù)香港特區(qū)的實(shí)際情況和需要履行維護(hù)國家安全的憲制責(zé)任，包括制定與香港特區(qū)有關(guān)的維護(hù)國家安全法律，構(gòu)建有關(guān)法律制度和執(zhí)行機(jī)制。全國人大作出有關(guān)決定具有堅(jiān)實(shí)法律基礎(chǔ)和最高法律效力。
◆Article 31 of the Chinese Constitution stipulates that, “The state may establish special administrative regions when necessary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative regions shall be prescribed by law enacted by the National People’s Congress in the light of the specific conditions.” As the highest organ of state power, the NPC has both the power and obligation to fulfill its constitutional duty of safeguarding national security in accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law based on the reality and needs of the HKSAR. The duty includes enacting national security legislation for the HKSAR and establishing relevant legal system and enforcement mechanisms. The recent decision of the NPC has solid legal grounds and the highest legal effect.

◆國家安全立法屬于國家立法權(quán)。中央政府通過基本法第23條授予香港特別行政區(qū)維護(hù)國家安全的部分立法權(quán)力，這是在“一國兩制”下作出的極特殊安排，但這不改變國家安全立法是中央事權(quán)的屬性，也不影響中央根據(jù)實(shí)際情況和需要繼續(xù)建構(gòu)維護(hù)國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機(jī)制。
◆Legislation on national security falls within a state’s legislative power. Through Article 23 of the Basic Law, the Central Government grants the HKSAR certain legislative power on safeguarding national security, which is a very special arrangement under “one country, two systems”. However, it does not change the fact that national security legislation is essentially within the purview of the Central Government, nor does it prevent the Central Government from further developing a legal system and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security in light of the actual situation and needs.

謬論2：中國此時(shí)推進(jìn)涉港國安立法毫無必要。
Falsehood #2: It is not necessary for China to take the action at the moment.

事實(shí)：從國家層面建立健全香港特區(qū)維護(hù)國家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機(jī)制，是形勢(shì)所迫，也是確保“一國兩制”行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)的治本之策，勢(shì)在必行，刻不容緩。
The truth is: The current situation makes it imperative to establish and improve, at the state level, the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the HKSAR. The decision is fundamental to the enduring success of “one country, two systems” and is of the greatest urgency.

◆基本法第23條授權(quán)香港特別行政區(qū)就維護(hù)國家安全自行立法，但回歸近23年來，由于反中亂港勢(shì)力和外部敵對(duì)勢(shì)力的極力阻撓、干擾，相關(guān)立法仍未完成，香港特別行政區(qū)完成23條立法實(shí)際上已經(jīng)很困難。
◆Article 23 of the Basic Law stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to safeguard national security. Nearly 23 years after Hong Kong’s return to China, however, the relevant legislative process is still not materialized due to the sabotage and obstruction by anti-China, destabilizing elements in Hong Kong as well as hostile forces from the outside. Given this situation, it has become quite difficult, if not impossible, for the HKSAR to enact the relevant laws on its own.

◆一段時(shí)間以來，香港特別行政區(qū)危害國家安全的各種活動(dòng)愈演愈烈，保持香港長期繁榮穩(wěn)定、維護(hù)國家安全面臨著不容忽視的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。特別是2019年香港發(fā)生“修例風(fēng)波”以來，“港獨(dú)”和激進(jìn)分離勢(shì)力活動(dòng)日益猖獗，暴力恐怖活動(dòng)不斷升級(jí)，香港分裂分子甚至公開打出請(qǐng)求外國對(duì)華制裁甚至邀請(qǐng)美軍登陸香港的旗號(hào)，同時(shí)外部干預(yù)勢(shì)力和“臺(tái)獨(dú)”勢(shì)力赤裸裸地加大干預(yù)香港事務(wù)，嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)“一國兩制”原則底線，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害法治，嚴(yán)重危害國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，必須采取有力措施依法予以防范、制止和懲治。
◆Over the past weeks and months, activities that endanger national security have intensified in the HKSAR, posing notable risks to the long-term prosperity and stability of the Hong Kong and to the security of the country. In particular, since the turbulence over the amendment bill in 2019, the “Hong Kong independence” and radical separatist forces have become further emboldened and escalated their violent terrorist activities. Some separatists even made a public appeal for foreign sanctions against China and invited the US military to Hong Kong. External forces and “Taiwan independence” forces have blatantly ramped up intervention in Hong Kong affairs, which seriously challenges the “one country, two systems” principle, gravely undermines Hong Kong’s law and order, and poses real threats to the country’s sovereignty, security and development interests. Forceful measures are therefore required to prevent, forestall and punish these acts.

謬論3：涉港國安立法將破壞“一國兩制”。
Falsehood #3: The legislation will undermine “one country, two systems”.

事實(shí)：恰恰相反，有關(guān)立法將保障“一國兩制”行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)。全國人大有關(guān)決定，開宗明義闡明國家堅(jiān)定不移并全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方針。
The truth is: On the contrary, the legislation will ensure the successful implementation of “one country, two systems”. Article 1 of the NPC’s decision states clearly that the country will unswervingly, fully and faithfully implement the principles of “one country, two systems”, “the people of Hong Kong administering Hong Kong” and a high degree of autonomy.

◆“一國”是實(shí)行“兩制”的前提和基礎(chǔ)，“兩制”從屬和派生于“一國”并統(tǒng)一于“一國”之內(nèi)?！耙粐笔歉⑹潜?。如果“一國”原則出現(xiàn)動(dòng)搖，“兩制”就無從談起。香港出現(xiàn)亂象，一個(gè)重要原因是反中亂港和外部勢(shì)力無視“一國”之本，挑戰(zhàn)“一國兩制”的原則底線。
◆“One country” is the precondition and basis of “two systems”, while “two systems” is subordinate to and derived from “one country”. “One country” is the foundation. Should the principle of “one country” be undermined, “two systems” would be impossible to practice. One important reason for the turbulence in Hong Kong is that the anti-China, destabilizing elements in Hong Kong and external forces have shown no regard for “one country” as the foundation and challenged the bottom line of the “one country, two systems” principle.

◆中國涉港國家安全立法后，“一國兩制”方針不會(huì)變，香港實(shí)行的資本主義制度不會(huì)變，高度自治不會(huì)變，特區(qū)法律制度不會(huì)變，特區(qū)行政管理權(quán)、立法權(quán)、獨(dú)立的司法權(quán)和終審權(quán)也不會(huì)受到影響。
◆The legislation for Hong Kong will not change the “one country, two systems” principle. It will not change the capitalist system or the high degree of autonomy practiced in Hong Kong. It will not change the legal system in the HKSAR. Nor will it affect the HKSAR’s executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication.