世衛(wèi)組織“斷供” suspend funding WHO

美國總統(tǒng)特朗普4月14日宣布，美國暫停向世界衛(wèi)生組織提供資金。

US President Donald Trump says he has instructed his administration to halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO).He said the WHO had "failed in its basic duty" in its response to the coronavirus outbreak.
美國總統(tǒng)特朗普表示，他已指示其政府暫停向世界衛(wèi)生組織提供資金。他說，世衛(wèi)組織在應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情時“沒有履行其基本職責(zé)”。

Mr Trump said funding would be on hold for 60 to 90 days pending a review of the WHO’s warnings about the coronavirus and China.
特朗普表示，暫停提供資金的期限將持續(xù)60到90天，在此期間將對世衛(wèi)組織就新冠病毒及中國疫情發(fā)出的警示信息進(jìn)行評估。

特朗普在白宮記者會上表示：

With the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have deep concerns whether America’s generosity has been put to the best use possible. The reality is that the WHO failed to adequately obtain, vet and share information in a timely and transparent fashion.
隨著新冠肺炎疫情暴發(fā)，我們非常關(guān)心美國的慷慨是否物盡其用。現(xiàn)實(shí)是，世衛(wèi)組織未能及時透明地充分獲取、篩選及分享信息。

If we cannot trust them, if this is what we will receive from the WHO, our country will be forced to find other ways to work with other nations to achieve public health goals.
如果我們不能信任他們，如果這就是我們從世衛(wèi)組織得到的，我國就不得不尋找其他途徑與其他國家合作來達(dá)到公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的目標(biāo)。

聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯對此回應(yīng)稱，世界衛(wèi)生組織必須得到支持。

António Guterres, the UN secretary general, declared now was “not the time to reduce the resources for the operations of the World Health Organization or any other humanitarian organization in the fight against the virus.
古特雷斯表示，疫情當(dāng)前，現(xiàn)在不是減少對世衛(wèi)組織或者任何一個人道主義組織資源支持的時候。

“As I have said before, now is the time for unity and for the international community to work together in solidarity to stop this virus and its shattering consequences,” he said in a statement.
我之前說過，國際社會現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)一致、攜手聚力，共同阻止這個病毒及其產(chǎn)生的破壞性后果。

世衛(wèi)組織的資金來源

WHO’s Programme Budget is financed through a mix of assessed and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organization. The amount each Member State must pay is calculated relative to the country's wealth and population.
世衛(wèi)組織的規(guī)劃預(yù)算資金來自評定會費(fèi)和自愿捐款。評定會費(fèi)是國家作為本組織會員國交納的費(fèi)用。每一會員國交納的費(fèi)用按本國的財富和人口狀況計算。

Assessed contributions have declined as an overall percentage of the Programme Budget and have, for several years, accounted for less than one quarter of the organization’s financing. The balance is mobilized through voluntary contributions.
評定會費(fèi)占規(guī)劃預(yù)算的總百分比有所減少，近幾年占比還不到該組織資金總額的四分之一。其余資金通過自愿捐款籌集。

However, assessed contributions remain a key source of financing for the organization, providing a level of predictability, helping to minimize dependence on a narrow donor base, and allowing resources to be aligned to the Programme Budget.
但評定會費(fèi)仍是該組織資金的一個主要來源，它提供了一定程度的可預(yù)測性，有助于降低對少量捐助方的依賴，使資源水平能夠與規(guī)劃預(yù)算保持一致。

WHO assessed contributions are due and payable as of 1 January from all WHO Member States and Associate Members (currently 194 Member States and 2 Associate Members).
世衛(wèi)組織各會員國和準(zhǔn)會員（目前共有194個會員國和兩個準(zhǔn)會員）需于1月1日繳付世衛(wèi)組織評定會費(fèi)。

Where the total annual assessed contribution for a Member State is $200,000 or greater, that Member's contributions are assessed half in United States dollar and half in Swiss francs, otherwise, contributions are assessed in United States dollars only.
如會員國年評定會費(fèi)總額為20萬美元或更多，則會費(fèi)一半按美元評定，一半按瑞士法郎評定。如會員國年評定會費(fèi)總額低于20萬美元，會費(fèi)應(yīng)全部按美元評定。

The US is the WHO's biggest funder, providing $400m last year - just under 15% of its total budget.
美國是世衛(wèi)組織最大的資金提供方，去年提供了4億美元的資金支持，占該組織總預(yù)算近15%。

The organization launched an appeal in March for $675m to help fight the pandemic.
上個月，世衛(wèi)組織曾發(fā)起捐款呼吁，希望能為抗擊新冠肺炎疫情籌集6.75億美元的資金。

對于特朗普關(guān)于世衛(wèi)組織沒有及時分享疫情信息的指責(zé)，美國媒體做了時間線的梳理。

CNBC報道稱：

WHO started sounding the alarm on the outbreak of a new coronavirus in China, in mid-January, designating the now Covid-19 pandemic as a global health emergency on Jan 30 when there were just 8,200 cases in 18 countries across the world.
世衛(wèi)組織1月中旬開始發(fā)出警報，稱一種新型冠狀病毒疫情在中國暴發(fā)，1月30日就宣布如今被稱為新冠肺炎大流行病的疫情為國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，當(dāng)時全球只有18個國家報告了8200例確診病例。

The WHO’s global emergency declaration on Jan 30 was nearly a month before Trump tweeted that “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA” and six weeks before he declared a national emergency on March 13.
1月30日，世衛(wèi)組織宣布國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，過了將近一個月，特朗普還在發(fā)推特說，“美國把新冠病毒控制得很好”，過了6個星期，他才在3月13日宣布美國進(jìn)入國家緊急狀態(tài)。

Two days earlier, on March 11, WHO officials declared the outbreak a pandemic, when there were just 121,000 global cases.
在此兩天前，3月11日，世衛(wèi)組織官員宣布新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行，當(dāng)時全球只有12.1萬病例。

包機(jī) charter flights

民航局4月15日介紹，國際客運(yùn)航班調(diào)整以來，平均每天入境旅客維持在兩三千人左右。此外，疫情發(fā)生以來，民航局安排臨時航班（包機(jī)）赴疫情嚴(yán)重國家接回中國公民。

Sixteen Chinese charter planes flew to Iran, Italy, Britain, the United States and Spain from March 4 to April 13, bringing back home 2,744 Chinese, including 1,449 students studying abroad, Xiong Jie, spokesperson for the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), said at an online press conference.
民航局新聞發(fā)言人熊杰在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布會上表示，3月4日至4月13日，民航局共安排16架次包機(jī)協(xié)助在伊朗、意大利、英國、美國、西班牙的2744名中國公民回國，其中留學(xué)生1449名。

【單詞講解】

Charter這個詞在表示“包租、租用”之意時既可以用作動詞，也可以用作形容詞，比如：They chartered a boat for deep-sea fishing.或者The charter boat is used for deep-sea fishing.（他們包了一條船用來深海捕魚。）所以，我們這里說到的“包機(jī)”用charter plane/flight或chartered plane/flight都是可以的。

未來幾周，民航局將根據(jù)國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制部署，及時啟動重大航空運(yùn)輸保障機(jī)制。

按照國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制的具體部署，執(zhí)行的重大運(yùn)輸任務(wù)主要包括安排臨時航班（包機(jī)）赴疫情嚴(yán)重國家接回中國公民任務(wù)（ bring Chinese studying or living abroad back home）、援外醫(yī)療專家組（chartered flights to send medical experts to countries hit hard by COVID-19）和相關(guān)省份聯(lián)合工作組包機(jī)任務(wù)和援非物資運(yùn)輸任務(wù)（send medical materials to African countries）三方面。

The CAAC will provide convenience to overseas students in countries severely affected by the virus and who are in difficulties to "help them return home in a step-by-step and orderly fashion.
民航局將按照逐步、有序的方式，對疫情嚴(yán)重國家、確有困難急需回國的留學(xué)人員回國提供便利。

Data showed that as of Tuesday, China had sent a total of 575 charter flights carrying 134 medical professionals and working staff and 9,544 tons of anti-epidemic supplies to 64 countries including the United States, Italy and Japan to help them combat the virus.
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至4月14日，共執(zhí)行相關(guān)客、貨包機(jī)任務(wù)575架次，運(yùn)送134名援外醫(yī)療專家組和聯(lián)合工作組人員，運(yùn)輸抗疫物資9544噸，涉及美國、意大利、日本等64個國家。

On April 5, the administration arranged for a chartered flight to transport 37.6 tons of medical supplies to 18 countries in central and western Africa.
4月5日，民航局安排一架次包機(jī)運(yùn)送援助中西非18個國家的37.6噸物資。

消費(fèi)券 coupons

為活躍消費(fèi)市場，從4月19日起，武漢市人民政府將陸續(xù)向全體在漢人員投放5億元的“武漢消費(fèi)券”，以支持全市商貿(mào)和文旅行業(yè)復(fù)工、復(fù)產(chǎn)、復(fù)市。

The municipal government of Wuhan will hand out the vouchers weekly via the online platforms of Alibaba, Meituan Dianping and Tencent. The above three e-commerce giants will also offer their own coupons worth a total of 1.8 billion yuan, which may be used together with the government-issued vouchers. The first stage of distribution will be from April 19 to May 31, and the second stage from June 1 to July 31.
“武漢消費(fèi)券”將在阿里巴巴、美團(tuán)點(diǎn)評、騰訊等3家企業(yè)自有線上平臺上按周投放，總體投放分兩期執(zhí)行。其中，第一期為4月19日至5月31日，第二期為6月1日至7月31日。阿里巴巴、美團(tuán)點(diǎn)評、騰訊等3家企業(yè)還匹配了總價值約18億元的消費(fèi)券，消費(fèi)者可將“武漢消費(fèi)券”與3家企業(yè)的消費(fèi)券疊加使用。

【單詞講解】

這里說到“消費(fèi)券”時用了voucher和coupon兩個詞，根據(jù)《劍橋英語詞典》的解釋，voucher指的是a piece of paper that can be used to pay for particular goods or services or that allows you to pay less than the usual price for them（可以直接用來購買或者以低于定價的金額購買特定商品或服務(wù)的紙質(zhì)憑證），coupon是：a piece of paper that can be used to get something without paying for it, or at a reduced price（可以免費(fèi)或者以折扣價格獲得某物的紙質(zhì)憑證）。從這個解釋來看，二者意思很接近，基本可以互相替換使用。

如果詳細(xì)區(qū)分一下的話，coupon多指“優(yōu)惠券”，比如，快餐店推出的15元午餐券、第二杯半價的冷飲券等，消費(fèi)者拿著這種券去消費(fèi)的時候，就可以券上的金額購買對應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品。而voucher多指“代金券”，比如，餐廳推出的消費(fèi)滿300元送50元代金券，下次消費(fèi)時，這50元代金券就可以直接在結(jié)賬時使用。

首期“武漢消費(fèi)券”根據(jù)不同消費(fèi)種類設(shè)置不同面額（face value）。

餐飲消費(fèi)券和超市（便利店）消費(fèi)券包含10元和20元兩種面額，商場消費(fèi)券和文體旅游消費(fèi)券包含50元和80元兩種面額。

Consumers will be able to use the vouchers for offline payments in restaurants, shopping malls, supermarkets, convenience stores and cultural and tourist sites.
消費(fèi)者可在餐館、商場、超市、便利店以及文化旅游點(diǎn)線下消費(fèi)時使用消費(fèi)券。

隨著國內(nèi)新冠肺炎疫情得到控制，各地為了擴(kuò)大居民消費(fèi)，促進(jìn)消費(fèi)回補(bǔ)和潛力釋放陸續(xù)發(fā)放消費(fèi)券。

So far, more than 20 provinces and cities in China have launched voucher campaigns, worth over 5.6 billion yuan.
到目前為止，國內(nèi)已有20多個省市發(fā)放了價值超過56億元的消費(fèi)券。

A survey conducted by Alipay shows that over 10 million businesses have benefited from the nationwide voucher campaigns, with over 90 percent of them being micro, small and medium-sized businesses.
支付寶調(diào)查顯示，有1000多萬家企業(yè)從全國各地的消費(fèi)券活動中受益，其中90%以上為中小微企業(yè)。

“未見異?！苯】禒顟B(tài) health status of "no sign of abnormality"

Beijing will allow commuters from the neighboring regions of Hebei province and Tianjin to apply for the health status of "no sign of abnormality" in its health mini-program to facilitate their commute, said Li Sufang, deputy head of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.
北京市發(fā)展改革委副主任李素芳表示，本市及津冀地區(qū)往返人員可以通過“北京健康寶”小程序申請“未見異常’健康狀態(tài)”，為其出行提供便利。

“北京健康寶”是一個方便個人查詢自身防疫相關(guān)健康狀態(tài)（health status）的小工具，所有在京及進(jìn)（返）京人員均可使用。查詢結(jié)果包含“集中觀察（concentrated observation）”、“居家觀察（home-based observation）”以及“未見異常（no sign of abnormality）”三種狀態(tài)，分別用紅色、黃色以及綠色進(jìn)行標(biāo)識。

近日，依托國家政務(wù)服務(wù)平臺，北京健康寶在原有功能基礎(chǔ)上，拓展完成了京津冀往返、商務(wù)出行及入境進(jìn)京等功能。

Those who will be granted the status of "no sign of abnormality" should have stayed in low-risk areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for the last 14 days, are not confirmed cases, suspected cases, close contacts or silent carriers recorded by national or local health authorities, and not under home-based or concentrated observation.
近14日駐留地為京津冀低風(fēng)險地區(qū)的人員，且不屬于國家或北京市衛(wèi)健部門掌握的確診、疑似、密接、無癥狀感染人員，及不在北京市居家或集中隔離的人員，可獲得“未見異?！苯】禒顟B(tài)。

獲得“未見異?！苯】禒顟B(tài)的，入住酒店期間，可憑此在多場景有效使用。

在便利商務(wù)出行方面，天津、河北以外省市低風(fēng)險地區(qū)來京出差人員，按照北京市酒店入住管理的相關(guān)措施，持有7日內(nèi)核酸檢測陰性證明（negative result of nucleic acid test within 7 days），或在酒店進(jìn)行核酸檢測呈陰性并接受酒店健康管理，入住酒店后，依據(jù)酒店入住登記信息，可通過“健康寶”申請健康狀態(tài)。