戴口罩指南 guidance on mask wearing

國務院應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制近日印發(fā)《公眾科學戴口罩指引》。

Medical masks and surgical masks are sufficient for normal use, and wearing multiple masks does not provide more protection, according to the guideline.
指引指出，醫(yī)用口罩或醫(yī)用外科口罩可用于普通防護，佩戴多個口罩并不能增加防護效果。

指引對普通公眾（general public）、特定場所人員（people at specific areas）、重點人員（key population groups）以及職業(yè)暴露人員（people with occupational exposure）進行分類，并對不同場景下戴口罩提出科學建議。

這些情況不建議戴口罩

普通公眾在居家（stay at home）、戶外（outdoors），無人員聚集（no crowds）、通風良好（well-ventilated）的情況下，建議不佩戴口罩。

這些情況佩戴一次性口罩

The public is advised to carry along masks when in crowded places such as offices, shopping malls, restaurants, workshops and public transport. People in high-risk areas should wear surgical masks all the time when entering such places, while those in medium-risk and low-risk areas need to wear medical masks when in contact with others at the distance of less than 1 meter.
普通公眾處于如辦公、購物、餐廳、車間、公共交通工具等人員密集場所時，在中、低風險地區(qū)，應隨身備用口罩，在與其他人近距離接觸（小于等于1米）時戴口罩。在高風險地區(qū)，戴一次性使用醫(yī)用口罩。

Those who have cold symptoms such as coughing or sneezing, or who live with personnel in quarantine or that have recovered from the novel coronavirus and been discharged from the hospital, are suggested to wear disposable medical or surgical masks.
對于咳嗽或打噴嚏等感冒癥狀者，建議戴一次性使用醫(yī)用口罩或醫(yī)用外科口罩。對于與居家隔離、出院康復人員共同生活的人員，建議戴一次性使用醫(yī)用口罩或醫(yī)用外科口罩。

這些情況建議佩戴防護口罩

People working in places such as hospitals, train terminals, airports, prisons and nursing homes need to wear surgical masks or respirators of grade KN95/N95 or above.
醫(yī)院、火車站、機場、監(jiān)獄、養(yǎng)老院等人員密集場所工作人員，建議戴醫(yī)用外科口罩或符合KN95/N95及以上級別的防護口罩。

The suspected cases, confirmed cases of novel coronavirus, asymptomatic cases and those who have close contact with confirmed cases are recommended to wear surgical masks or respirators with no breathing valve graded at KN95/N95 or above. Entry personnel need to wear such masks from the moment they enter the country to the end of their required quarantine.
新型冠狀病毒肺炎疑似病例、確診病例和無癥狀感染者；新型冠狀病毒肺炎密切接觸者；入境人員(從入境開始到隔離結束)，戴醫(yī)用外科口罩或無呼氣閥符合KN95/N95及以上級別的防護口罩。

職業(yè)暴露人員根據(jù)工作內容及地點不同，佩戴醫(yī)用外科口罩、醫(yī)用防護口罩或送風過濾式呼吸防護器。

心理疏導 psychological counseling

國務院應對新冠肺炎疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制日前印發(fā)《新冠肺炎疫情心理疏導工作方案》。

The work plan called for sustained psychological counseling services especially for COVID-19 patients, their families, families of fallen patients, vulnerable groups, health workers and those fighting the virus in the front line including police officers and community workers.
方案要求將新冠肺炎患者及家屬、病亡者家屬、弱勢群體、參與疫情防控醫(yī)務工作者、公安民警（輔警）和社區(qū)工作者等一線工作人員作為重點，持續(xù)開展心理疏導服務。

方案指出，目前，我國新冠肺炎疫情防控形勢發(fā)生積極向好變化（the positive trend in the epidemic prevention and control work is now expanding），不同人群心理狀況也隨之變化。

制定本方案的目標是，針對患者及其家屬、病亡者家屬、一線工作人員等重點人群，開展心理疏導、心理干預等心理服務，維護公眾心理健康（maintain public mental health），促進社會和諧穩(wěn)定（promote social harmony and stability）。

方案提出的具體措施要點如下：

The work plan asked community workers to help recovered patients and their families return to their normal lives and prevent stigma around the disease.
社區(qū)工作者要加強對患者家屬及治愈歸家患者的人文關懷，幫助患者恢復正常生活，避免他們因病受到歧視。

Social service organizations and mental health facilities should be mobilized to provide the bereaved families with social support and psychological counseling services as a way to help them handle the grief, the work plan said.
通過組織動員社會工作者和專業(yè)志愿者等力量，為有心理問題的治愈患者及家屬提供精神慰籍、心理撫慰、社會融入等服務。

In hard-hit regions particularly Hubei and its provincial capital Wuhan, special work teams composed of mental health professionals, social workers and volunteers should be set up for the purposes, according to the work plan.
湖北武漢等受疫情影響嚴重地區(qū)要組建由精神衛(wèi)生和心理健康專業(yè)人員、社會工作者以及志愿者等組成的服務隊，對治愈隔離患者提供心理服務。

Highlighting care for the psychological wellbeing of those working in the front line, it called for efforts to help the general public seek outlets for their unhealthy emotions due to long-term quarantine.
除了強調要關愛一線工作人員的心理健康之外，方案還提出要及時疏導居民長期封閉管理產(chǎn)生的負面情緒。

第一入境點 first point of entry

3月19日，民航局、外交部、國家衛(wèi)健委、海關總署、移民局聯(lián)合發(fā)布了《關于目的地為北京的國際航班從指定第一入境點入境的公告（第1號）》，調整目的地為北京的部分國際航班從指定第一入境點入境。

Starting Monday, the Chinese capital will redirect all the inbound flights scheduled to land at Beijing Capital International Airport to 12 designated airports.
從3月23日起，所有計劃降落在北京首都國際機場的入境航班將分流至12個指定機場降落。

Passengers will go through customs clearance and quarantine at these airports, and those having passed quarantine inspection can fly to Beijing on their original flights, it said.
乘坐上述國際航班的旅客在指定機場實施檢疫并辦理入境清關手續(xù)。檢疫符合登機條件的旅客可搭乘原航班入京。

目前，我國境內疫情防控形勢持續(xù)向好，疫情蔓延擴散勢頭已經(jīng)得到基本控制，但是境外疫情不斷擴散蔓延，給我國疫情防控工作帶來新挑戰(zhàn)。

As of Saturday, the capital had seen no confirmed cases in residents for 15 consecutive days, Gao Xiaojun, health commission spokesman, said at a news conference on Sunday afternoon.
北京市衛(wèi)生健康委新聞發(fā)言人高小俊在3月22日的發(fā)布會上表示，截止3月21日，北京已經(jīng)連續(xù)15天沒有本地新增確診病例。

"The imported cases are the current focus of the city's prevention and control efforts," Gao said.
輸入病例是北京市當前疫情防控工作的重點。

The Chinese mainland saw a total of 314 confirmed cases in patients from other countries, as of Saturday, according to the National Health Commission. Those in Beijing accounted for about 31 percent.
國家衛(wèi)健委的信息顯示，截至3月21日，全國境外輸入確診病例314例，其中北京的輸入病例占31%。

北京作為國際交流中心，已經(jīng)成為防控境外疫情輸入的主戰(zhàn)場。

從3月16日零時起，所有境外進京人員(包括無癥狀者)，均應轉送至集中觀察點進行14天的隔離觀察（14-day quarantine）。有特殊情況的，經(jīng)嚴格評估，可進行居家觀察（home quarantine）。集中隔離觀察期間，隔離人員費用自理。

3月19日晚間，民航局首先對3月20—22日四個目的地為北京的國際航班指定了第一入境點。

The airports in Tianjin, Taiyuan, in Shanxi province, and Hohhot, in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, have been handling such diverted inbound flights since Friday.
自3月20日起，天津、山西太原、內蒙古呼和浩特的機場已經(jīng)開始承擔入境航班分流任務。

之后，上海浦東、石家莊、濟南、青島、南京、沈陽、大連、鄭州和西安九地也被納入。與此同時，民航局還對各航空公司具體制定了第一入境點。

The entry arrangements for the Beijing-bound international flights will be adjusted in a timely manner in accordance with the COVID-19 outbreak situation, the statement said.
公告指出，目的地為北京的國際航班指定第一入境點的安排及相關措施將根據(jù)疫情變化情況適時調整。

中醫(yī)藥 TCM medicine

國務院新聞辦公室3月23日下午在湖北武漢舉行新聞發(fā)布會，中西醫(yī)專家介紹了中醫(yī)藥防治新冠肺炎的重要作用及有效藥物。

A total of 74,187 confirmed patients, which account for 91.5 percent of the total infections on the Chinese mainland, have been administered traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as part of their treatment, and over 90 percent of them have shown improvement during clinical observation, according to Yu Yanhong, Party secretary and top official of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
中醫(yī)藥局黨組書記余艷紅介紹，全國新冠肺炎確診病例中有74187人使用了中醫(yī)藥，占91.5%，從臨床療效觀察來看，中醫(yī)藥總有效率達90%以上。

TCM has effectively relieved symptoms, cut the rate of patients developing into severe conditions, raised the recovery rate, reduced the mortality rate and boosted patients' recovery, Yu said.
余艷紅表示，中醫(yī)藥能夠有效緩解癥狀；能夠減少輕型普通型向重型發(fā)展；能夠提高治愈率、降低病亡率；能夠促進患者康復。

余艷紅說，此次新冠肺炎疫情，在早期沒有特效藥、沒有疫苗的情況下，總結中醫(yī)藥治療病毒性傳染病規(guī)律和經(jīng)驗，深入發(fā)掘古代經(jīng)典名方，結合臨床實踐，形成了中醫(yī)藥治療新冠肺炎的診療方案和中西醫(yī)結合的“中國方案”（a "Chinese plan" that combines traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine），篩選出金花清感顆粒、連花清瘟膠囊、血必凈注射液和清肺排毒湯、化濕敗毒方、宣肺敗毒方等有明顯療效的“三藥三方”為代表的一批有效方藥（effective TCM drugs and prescriptions）。

XuanFeiBaiDu Granule can increase the lymphocyte recovery rate by 17 percent and the clinical cure rate by 22 percent in the controlled observation, according to Huang Luqi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中國工程院院士黃璐琦研究員說，臨床顯示，宣肺敗毒方在對照觀察中可將淋巴細胞恢復率提高17%，臨床治愈率提高22%。

Liu Qingquan, head of the Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that two TCM drugs -- Jinhua Qinggan Granule and Lianhua Qingwen Capsule/Granule have proven to be effective in the treatment of mild COVID-19 cases, while Xuebijing Injection can help treat inflammation and coagulation dysfunction.
北京中醫(yī)醫(yī)院院長劉清泉教授說，已經(jīng)顯示出金花清感和連花清瘟這兩個藥，臨床上治療新冠肺炎的輕型和普通型還是有非常確切的療效的，血必凈注射液針對炎癥風暴、凝血功能紊亂等治療也有很好的療效。

Zhang Boli, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that TCM treatment has significantly lowered the proportion of patients whose conditions turned from mild to severe. "None of the 564 patients at the TCM-oriented temporary hospital in Wuhan saw their health condition deteriorating into severe," said Zhang. "We have therefore applied TCM treatment to over 10,000 patients in other makeshift hospitals, and the rate of patients developing into severe conditions were substantially reduced," said Zhang.
中國工程院院士張伯禮教授說，中醫(yī)的方艙醫(yī)院中，564名患者沒有一例轉為重癥的。取得經(jīng)驗以后，向別的方艙也推廣，一萬多名患者普遍使用了中藥。方艙中醫(yī)綜合治療，顯著降低了由輕癥轉為重癥的比例。

中國工程院院士、中國中醫(yī)科學院院長黃璐琦認為，

TCM and Western medicine may come from two different medical systems and have different perspectives on health and diseases, but they are both based on the standard of factual clinical efficacy.
中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)雖屬于兩個不同的醫(yī)學體系，對健康、疾病有不同的認識角度，但是它們都會基于臨床療效這一事實。

余艷紅表示，

The practice of treating COVID-19 patients has proved once again that the precious wisdom left by our TCM ancestors is still practical, effective and economical. We would love to share these valuable experiences and effective treatment methods with all countries.
這次的實踐再次充分證明，中醫(yī)藥學這個老祖宗留下來的寶貴財富依然好使、管用，并且經(jīng)濟易行。我們愿意與所有國家分享寶貴經(jīng)驗及有效治療手段。