2020年3月新聞熱詞匯總
中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2020-04-01 13:16
中低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū) medium- and low-risk areas
湖北省新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情防控指揮部3月10日發(fā)布通告稱,為落實(shí)分區(qū)分級(jí)分類分時(shí)差異化防控策略,推進(jìn)企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)和人員安全有序流動(dòng),決定開展湖北健康碼發(fā)放工作。
Via a mobile app, each resident of Hubei province will be granted a colored health QR code. A red code indicates the holder is a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case, a yellow one indicates a close contact, while a green one means the holder has no contact with any cases.
湖北省居民可通過手機(jī)程序獲得不同顏色的健康碼。紅色碼代表新冠肺炎確診或疑似病例,黃色碼代表密切接觸者,綠色碼代表未接觸過新冠肺炎相關(guān)人員。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
健康碼(health QR code)是一個(gè)開放的系統(tǒng),可根據(jù)不同地區(qū)需求,結(jié)合各地疫情防控需要快速推出,以最高效的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用。2月11日,杭州在全國率先推出健康碼,用“紅黃綠”三色二維碼作為數(shù)字化健康證明(digital health certificate),助力疫情防控。
The green code holders from the medium- and low-risk areas will be given green light across the province to promote operation resumption of enterprises while ensuring the safety of the personnel, according to a circular issued by the provincial COVID-19 control headquarters. The green code holders from high-risk areas should follow the specific travel rules of local authorities.
湖北省新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情防控指揮部表示,中、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)持綠碼人員,全省通行,在確保人員安全的情況下推進(jìn)企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn);高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)持綠碼人員,按照當(dāng)?shù)胤揽刂笓]部規(guī)定出行。
The yellow code holders will not be allowed to travel and those carrying red codes must be quarantined and treated, said the headquarters.
持黃碼人員不予放行,持紅碼人員按疫情防控要求由當(dāng)?shù)厥罩?、隔離。
The colors of the health codes may switch based on the health conditions of the holders.
健康碼根據(jù)個(gè)人健康狀況進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。
那么,不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)是如何劃定的呢?
依據(jù)國務(wù)院應(yīng)對(duì)新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制《關(guān)于科學(xué)防治精準(zhǔn)施策分區(qū)分級(jí)做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指導(dǎo)意見》中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):
Cities, counties and districts with no newly confirmed cases in the last 14 days are categorized as low-risk regions, those with fewer than 50 cases or those with over 50 but without a concentrated outbreak are classified as medium-risk regions, and those with over 50 cases as well as a concentrated outbreak are classified as high-risk regions.
即以縣市區(qū)為單位,無確診病例或連續(xù)14天無新增確診病例為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū);14天內(nèi)有新增確診病例,累計(jì)確診病例不超過50例,或累計(jì)確診病例超過50例,14天內(nèi)未發(fā)生聚集性疫情為中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū);累計(jì)病例超過50例,14天內(nèi)有聚集性疫情發(fā)生為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)。
綠化 afforestation
全國綠化委員會(huì)辦公室3月11日發(fā)布《2019年中國國土綠化狀況公報(bào)》。
China has made new strides in advancing afforestation in 2019 with the area of newly created forests totaling 7.067 million hectares, the report said.
公報(bào)指出,2019年我國國土綠化事業(yè)取得了新成績,全國共完成造林706.7萬公頃。
【單詞講解】
這里的afforestation讀作[??f?r??ste??n],是個(gè)名詞,其英文解釋為the process of planting large numbers of trees on land which has few or no trees on it,即“在原本樹木稀少或者沒有樹木的土地上大量種樹的過程”,也就是我們所說的“植樹造林”,由此可見,這是一個(gè)人為綠化的過程。植樹造林產(chǎn)生的森林一般稱為“人工林(manmade forest)”,與之相對(duì)的“天然林”就是natural forest。
China also restored a total of 1.745 million hectares of degraded forests nationwide and improved 3.147 million hectares of degraded grasslands last year, according to the report.
去年,全國共完成退化林修復(fù)174.5萬公頃、種草改良草原314.7萬公頃。
公報(bào)稱,2019年全民義務(wù)植樹深入開展,“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+全民義務(wù)植樹(internet plus public voluntary tree planting)”不斷拓展,活動(dòng)豐富多彩。
More than 500 million people have participated in a virtual tree planting project in the mobile payment app Alipay. A total of 39,000 hectares of trees had been planted last year via the project, it said.
螞蟻金服集團(tuán)開展的虛擬種樹項(xiàng)目,社會(huì)公眾參與超過5億人次,植樹造林3.9萬公頃。
此外,2019年草原生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)(grassland ecological protection and restoration)力度加大,濕地保護(hù)修復(fù)(wetland protection and restoration)有效加強(qiáng),沙區(qū)生態(tài)狀況持續(xù)改善。全國完成防沙治沙(desertification control)任務(wù)226萬公頃,荒漠化土地面積連續(xù)凈減少。
輸入病例 imported COVID-19 cases
3月12日舉行的國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上,國家衛(wèi)健委新聞發(fā)言人米鋒指出,總體上,我國本輪疫情流行高峰已經(jīng)過去(pass the climax of the novel coronavirus outbreak),新增發(fā)病人數(shù)在持續(xù)下降,疫情總體保持在較低水平。
Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic, had eight new coronavirus infections on Wednesday, all in its capital city of Wuhan, Mi said.
米鋒指出,3月11日0時(shí)至24時(shí)湖北新增確診病例8例,全部在省會(huì)武漢。
Regions in Hubei outside of Wuhan have reported no new infections for one week, and outside of Hubei, the Chinese mainland reported seven new cases on Wednesday, including six cases imported from abroad, he said.
湖北除武漢以外,所有地市已連續(xù)1周無新增確診病例;湖北以外省份,新增確診病例7例,其中6例為境外輸入病例。
他表示,要把醫(yī)療救治工作擺在第一位(treatment of patients remains the top priority),不麻痹(remain vigilant)、不厭戰(zhàn)(avoid succumbing to battle fatigue)、不松勁,毫不放松抓緊各項(xiàng)防控工作。
同日,國家衛(wèi)健委高級(jí)別專家組組長、中國工程院院士鐘南山表示,預(yù)測本次疫情在6月結(jié)束是可以期待的。
Zhong said that there still exists the possibility that the COVID-19 outbreak could end in June, but this hinges on all countries taking full and active measures to tackle it.
鐘南山表示,預(yù)測本次疫情在6月結(jié)束是可以期待的,但是這要取決于各個(gè)國家采取全面積極的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。
If some countries do not pay full attention to the infectious nature and harm of the disease or intervene forcibly, (the outbreak) may be prolonged, Zhong said.
假如一些國家不重視疫情的危害性和傳染性,不對(duì)新冠肺炎進(jìn)行強(qiáng)力干預(yù),疫情時(shí)間可能還會(huì)延長。
我國防控重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)防境外輸入
鐘南山表示,在聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制下,國內(nèi)疫情已經(jīng)得到了比較好的控制,現(xiàn)在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)慢慢轉(zhuǎn)為境外輸入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
"Many imported cases (to China) are asymptomatic. Patients don't necessarily have a fever. They don't think it's a big deal and they arrive in China and find themselves testing positive for the coronavirus," Zhong said.
鐘南山指出,境外輸入病例很多為無癥狀患者,即不存在發(fā)燒現(xiàn)象。他們覺得沒什么大不了,然后到中國檢測新冠病毒是陽性。
他表示,我國應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對(duì)輸入患者的管控,避免境外輸入患者成為新的傳染源,應(yīng)該做到入境人員14日隔離(14-day quarantine)或?qū)ζ溥M(jìn)行核酸檢測(nucleic acid testing)。
就餐指引 dining guidance
北京市商務(wù)局制定的疫情期間餐飲服務(wù)單位經(jīng)營服務(wù)指引(3.0版)日前正式發(fā)布,指引對(duì)顧客就餐和餐廳服務(wù)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行了細(xì)化。
Diners will not be allowed to sit face-to-face in restaurants and canteens in Beijing during the coronavirus outbreak, according to the latest government notice.
最新版服務(wù)指引提出,新冠肺炎疫情期間,在北京各類餐飲門店就餐時(shí)不得面對(duì)面就坐。
The guidelines also asked outlets of catering firms and canteens of government units and institutes to place dining tables at an interval of at least 1 meter.
指引同時(shí)要求,餐飲企業(yè)及單位食堂餐桌間隔要在1米以上。
該指引適用于北京市的餐飲企業(yè)及其門店、單位食堂、網(wǎng)絡(luò)餐飲服務(wù)第三方平臺(tái)等餐飲服務(wù)單位。
指引要求,餐飲服務(wù)單位要在店內(nèi)外候餐區(qū)(waiting area)、取餐區(qū)(serving area)、結(jié)賬區(qū)(cashier desk)劃設(shè)“一米線”,嚴(yán)格控制排隊(duì)就餐人流密度,提倡使用二維碼掃碼點(diǎn)餐、結(jié)賬(use QR codes for placing orders and paying bills)。餐飲服務(wù)單位要安排專門人員對(duì)就餐人員檢測體溫,體溫正常方可進(jìn)入餐廳就餐。
指引還要求,內(nèi)部食堂應(yīng)采用分時(shí)段錯(cuò)峰就餐等服務(wù)方式。餐飲服務(wù)單位要全面推行公筷公勺(serving chopsticks and spoons),有條件的餐廳要積極推廣分餐制(serving of individual dishes)。
在就餐環(huán)境方面,指引明確提出,餐廳對(duì)于顧客接觸多的桌面、門把手、水龍頭、走廊、電梯、扶手、洗手間等部位及時(shí)清潔消毒(timely disinfection of tables, doorknobs, faucets, doorways, handrails and restrooms that are regularly touched by customers)。
餐具、飲具和盛放直接入口食品的容器,使用前必須清潔消毒,做到“一客一用一消毒(disinfection after each serving)”。廚余垃圾加蓋、分類及時(shí)清理。
此前,上海、海口、廣州等城市也已陸續(xù)出臺(tái)類似政策。
妨害國境衛(wèi)生檢疫罪 the crime of disturbing frontier health and quarantine
3月16日,最高法、最高檢、公安部、司法部、海關(guān)總署五部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)國境衛(wèi)生檢疫工作 依法懲治妨害國境衛(wèi)生檢疫違法犯罪的意見》。
According to the guideline, people refusing the health checks or falsifying health statement cards while entering China will be identified as committing the crime of disturbing frontier health and quarantine.
意見規(guī)定,入境時(shí)拒絕接受衛(wèi)生檢疫或者不如實(shí)填報(bào)健康申明卡者將以“妨害國境衛(wèi)生檢疫罪”定罪處罰。
意見列舉了6類妨害國境衛(wèi)生檢疫行為,具體包括:
1. 檢疫傳染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人(people with quarantinable infectious diseases or suspected epidemic victims)拒絕執(zhí)行海關(guān)依照國境衛(wèi)生檢疫法等法律法規(guī)提出的健康申報(bào)(health declaration)、體溫監(jiān)測(temperature check)、醫(yī)學(xué)巡查(medical inspection)、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查(epidemiological investigation)、醫(yī)學(xué)排查(medical screening)、采樣等衛(wèi)生檢疫措施,或者隔離、留驗(yàn)、就地診驗(yàn)、轉(zhuǎn)診等衛(wèi)生處理措施的。
2. 檢疫傳染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人采取不如實(shí)填報(bào)健康申明卡等方式隱瞞疫情(hide epidemic information),或者偽造、涂改檢疫單、證等方式偽造情節(jié)的(falsifying quarantine forms)。
3. 知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道實(shí)施審批管理的微生物、人體組織、生物制品、血液及其制品等特殊物品可能造成檢疫傳染病傳播,未經(jīng)審批仍逃避檢疫,攜運(yùn)、寄遞出入境的(transport or post special articles that may cause spread of quarantinable infectious diseases)。
4. 出入境交通工具上發(fā)現(xiàn)有檢疫傳染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人,交通工具負(fù)責(zé)人拒絕接受衛(wèi)生檢疫或者拒不接受衛(wèi)生處理的(refuse quarantine or sanitation measures)。
5. 來自檢疫傳染病流行國家、地區(qū)的出入境交通工具上出現(xiàn)非意外傷害死亡且死因不明的人員,交通工具負(fù)責(zé)人故意隱瞞情況的(people who intentionally hide non-accidental deaths on the public transport that is under their charge and from a region or country where an infectious disease is rampant)。
6. 其他拒絕執(zhí)行海關(guān)依照國境衛(wèi)生檢疫法等法律法規(guī)提出的檢疫措施的。
海關(guān)總署政策法規(guī)司司長王軍介紹,疫情發(fā)生后,海關(guān)啟動(dòng)健康申報(bào)制度,這對(duì)于海關(guān)及時(shí)掌握出入境人員的相關(guān)信息、精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人員具有關(guān)鍵作用。
Although some people clearly knew they had COVID-19 symptoms or had been to high-risk countries, they concealed that crucial information to avoid quarantines. Some even took fever-reducing drugs to cover up symptoms and pass inspections, said Wang of the customs administration.
有一些入境人員明知自己已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)染疫的癥狀,或曾經(jīng)去過疫情嚴(yán)重地區(qū),但是他們故意隱瞞這些關(guān)鍵信息逃避檢疫。甚至有人用吃退燒藥等方式降低體溫,掩蓋發(fā)熱癥狀,在海關(guān)衛(wèi)生檢疫環(huán)節(jié)蒙混過關(guān)。
他提醒,廣大出入境旅客在出入境時(shí)一定要如實(shí)、完整、準(zhǔn)確地填報(bào)健康申明卡,并配合海關(guān)做好體溫監(jiān)測、醫(yī)學(xué)巡查、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查等各項(xiàng)衛(wèi)生檢疫措施(follow quarantine measures),這既是對(duì)本人和家人健康安全的保護(hù),也是必須履行的法律義務(wù)(legal obligation)。
疫苗研發(fā) vaccine research and development
3月17日,國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制就藥物疫苗和檢測試劑研發(fā)攻關(guān)最新情況舉行發(fā)布會(huì)。會(huì)上,中國工程院院士王軍志表示,我國新冠疫苗研發(fā)進(jìn)展目前總體上處于國際先進(jìn)行列,不會(huì)慢于國外。
Chinese scientists have been racing to develop COVID-19 vaccines by five approaches, namely inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering subunit vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, and vaccines using attenuated influenza virus as vectors, said Wang Junzhi, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中國工程院院士王軍志說,目前,我國正按照5種技術(shù)路線開展新冠疫苗緊急研制,包括滅活疫苗、基因工程重組亞單位疫苗、腺病毒載體疫苗、核酸疫苗以及減毒流感病毒載體疫苗。
王軍志表示,截至目前為止,五大技術(shù)方向總體進(jìn)展順利。
So far, most teams are expected to complete preclinical research in April and some are moving forward faster, said Wang.
大部分研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)4月份都能完成臨床前研究,有的團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)展更快。
Some research team has been enrolling volunteers and applied for clinical trials with the National Medical Products Administration, he added.
有些研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)已向國家藥監(jiān)局遞交臨床試驗(yàn)申請(qǐng)材料,并且已經(jīng)開展招募志愿者等相關(guān)工作。
In general, China's vaccine development against COVID-19 is among the world's front-runners.
我國新冠疫苗研發(fā)進(jìn)展目前總體上處于國際先進(jìn)行列。
教育部科技司司長雷朝滋表示,教育部從春節(jié)就開始動(dòng)員有研究優(yōu)勢的廈門大學(xué)、四川大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、北京大學(xué)等高??蒲袌F(tuán)隊(duì),協(xié)同科研院所和相關(guān)企業(yè)加快開展新冠病毒疫苗的科研公關(guān)。
Lei said that the flu viral vector-based vaccine is currently under animal tests for safety and efficacy tests and scheduled to apply for the clinical trial by the end of April.
雷朝滋介紹道,流感病毒載體疫苗目前正在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的有效性和安全性研究,預(yù)計(jì)4月底申請(qǐng)臨床試驗(yàn)。
在3月16日舉行的上海疫情防控新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上,上海市衛(wèi)健委透露,針對(duì)新冠病毒疫苗研發(fā),上海已取得積極進(jìn)展。
China would begin testing its messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine, or mRNA vaccine, on primates to evaluate its safety and efficacy, and hopefully the vaccine could enter clinical trials by mid-April.
我國mRNA(信使RNA)疫苗已啟動(dòng)靈長類動(dòng)物毒理和藥效預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn),預(yù)計(jì)4月中旬臨床試驗(yàn)。