3月，國(guó)內(nèi)新冠肺炎疫情防控形勢(shì)逐步向好，各地開(kāi)始分級(jí)分批推進(jìn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。世界其他國(guó)家的疫情傳播態(tài)勢(shì)卻開(kāi)始惡化，多個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)始采取不同程度的封閉管理措施，國(guó)內(nèi)為了防止境外輸入病例也開(kāi)始加強(qiáng)邊境衛(wèi)生檢疫管理。

可重復(fù)使用的口罩 reusable face masks

當(dāng)前，不少城市已經(jīng)開(kāi)始有序復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，員工出門(mén)上班需要戴口罩，自然就出現(xiàn)口罩不夠用的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。

針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，目前廣東、上海以及北京等地已有企業(yè)研發(fā)出了可重復(fù)使用的口罩。

Last month, companies in Guangdong province, Beijing and Shanghai reported producing a new type of face mask that uses a nanomaterial membrane, rather than the typical melt-blown fabric, to filter bacteria, viruses and other pathogens, according to local health and medical products authorities.
據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療用品管理部門(mén)表示，廣東省、北京市以及上海市已于2月上報(bào)稱(chēng)正在生產(chǎn)一種新型口罩，這款口罩使用的材料不是傳統(tǒng)的熔噴無(wú)紡布，而是用納米材料薄膜材料來(lái)過(guò)濾細(xì)菌、病毒以及其他病原菌。

The new masks are on par with N95 standards, meaning they filter particles of all sizes with at least 95 percent efficiency.
這種新口罩的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與N95相當(dāng)，意味著其過(guò)濾各種顆粒的有效性超過(guò)95%。

The masks are also comfortable, easy to breathe through and can be reused up to 20 times depending on the user's setting and wear time, the authorities said.
管理部門(mén)表示，新款口罩佩戴舒適、透氣性好，而且根據(jù)使用者所處的環(huán)境以及佩戴時(shí)間可最多重復(fù)使用20次。

The retail price for the masks created by companies from Shanghai will be around 15 to 20 yuan each.
上海企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的新款口罩零售價(jià)大約在每個(gè)15到20元。

據(jù)企業(yè)自測(cè)，該口罩經(jīng)受沸水、酒精、84消毒液等的反復(fù)消毒處理20次后，過(guò)濾性能（filtering efficiency）仍保持基本穩(wěn)定，但企業(yè)在產(chǎn)品使用推薦中表示，反復(fù)消毒不要超過(guò)10次。

在口罩沒(méi)有破損或者被污染的情況下，普通市民可自己隨時(shí)給口罩消毒（disinfect their masks），其中一種易于操作的方式是，用70度以上熱水浸泡15分鐘（soak the used masks in higher-than-70-degree water for 15 minutes）或者56度以上熱水浸泡30分鐘，浸泡過(guò)的口罩可放在紙巾等吸水性能好的材料表面吸收水分，之后用電吹風(fēng)的熱風(fēng)將口罩吹干。

16個(gè)新職業(yè) 16 new professions

人社部與市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局、國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局近日聯(lián)合發(fā)布了智能制造工程技術(shù)人員、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程技術(shù)人員等16個(gè)新職業(yè)，主要集中在新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

The 16 new professions include intelligent manufacturing technicians, industrial internet technicians, virtual reality technicians, supply chain managers, artificial intelligence trainers, all-media operators, respiratory therapists, among others, according to the statement jointly issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments.
人社部與其他部門(mén)聯(lián)合發(fā)布的公告顯示，這16個(gè)新職業(yè)包括智能制造工程技術(shù)人員、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程技術(shù)人員、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)工程技術(shù)人員、供應(yīng)鏈管理師、人工智能訓(xùn)練師、全媒體運(yùn)營(yíng)師、呼吸治療師等。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

據(jù)了解，這是自2015年版《中華人民共和國(guó)職業(yè)分類(lèi)大典（Occupational Classification System of the People’s Republic of China）》頒布以來(lái)發(fā)布的第二批新職業(yè)。

職業(yè)分類(lèi)（occupational classification）指按一定的規(guī)則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及方法，按照職業(yè)的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，把一般特征和本質(zhì)特征相同或相似的社會(huì)職業(yè)，分成并統(tǒng)一歸納到一定類(lèi)別系統(tǒng)中去的過(guò)程。

我們看到表示職業(yè)的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會(huì)用occupation和profession這兩個(gè)詞，在很多情況下，這兩個(gè)詞可以互相替換使用，但在具體的含義上還是稍有區(qū)別。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，occupation可以指所有的“職業(yè)”，而profession多指需要專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)或技術(shù)的職業(yè)，比如：醫(yī)生、律師等，所以，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)用professional這個(gè)名詞來(lái)表示“專(zhuān)業(yè)人士”。

人社部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，此批公布的新職業(yè)由人力資源社會(huì)保障部組織職業(yè)分類(lèi)專(zhuān)家，嚴(yán)格按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和程序從大量新職業(yè)征集建議中評(píng)估論證（experts carefully and strictly chose all of the 16 new professions based on relevant standards and procedures），并通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體等向社會(huì)公示，廣泛征求相關(guān)部門(mén)及社會(huì)各界意見(jiàn)后確定。

此次發(fā)布的其他新職業(yè)還有：連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)管理師（chain operations managers）、網(wǎng)約配送員（delivery personnel for online orders）、電氣電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)保檢測(cè)員（environmental monitors of electrical and electronic products）、健康照護(hù)師（health carers）、出生缺陷防控咨詢(xún)師（birth defects prevention consultants）、康復(fù)輔助技術(shù)咨詢(xún)師（assistive technology consultants for rehabilitation）、無(wú)人機(jī)裝調(diào)檢修工（drone operation and maintenance personnel）、鐵路綜合維修工（railway general maintenance personnel）和裝配式建筑施工員（prefabricated building constructors）。

在線教育 online education

新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生以來(lái)，教育部多次發(fā)文，推遲春季學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)時(shí)間，同時(shí)要求各地學(xué)?！巴Ｕn不停學(xué)”，積極開(kāi)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)。

Many provinces are introducing concrete measures to help poverty-stricken students attend online courses while making great efforts to fight the epidemic.
各省在大力抗擊疫情的同時(shí)也出臺(tái)了具體措施幫助貧困學(xué)生參與網(wǎng)課學(xué)習(xí)。

In Guangdong province, the Guangdong Provincial Education Foundation has purchased more than 9,000 tablet computers for junior and senior high school students to attend online courses.
在廣東省，廣東省教育基金會(huì)為初高中學(xué)生購(gòu)買(mǎi)了9000多臺(tái)平板電腦，方便他們上網(wǎng)課。

Students without mobile phones or TVs should go to village committee offices or activity rooms of the Communist Party of China to attend the courses, said the statement issued by local authorities in Henan province.
河南省管理部門(mén)表示，沒(méi)有手機(jī)或電視的學(xué)生可以去當(dāng)?shù)卮逦瘯?huì)或活動(dòng)室上網(wǎng)課。

為了進(jìn)一步做好疫情防控期間寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)助教助學(xué)工作，工信部近日要求各地通信管理局及各基礎(chǔ)電信企業(yè)加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋、做好網(wǎng)絡(luò)維護(hù)。

Local administrations and enterprises should also pledge efforts to promote the construction of networks and base stations to enhance network conditions of schools, while online education platforms should continuously optimize their online services, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) said.
工信部提出，各地通信管理局要組織基礎(chǔ)電信企業(yè)持續(xù)加大寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)和基站建設(shè)力度，不斷提升學(xué)校網(wǎng)絡(luò)條件，同時(shí)督促所選用的在線教育服務(wù)提供商不斷優(yōu)化提升平臺(tái)能力。

In the mean time, the ministry encouraged telecom operators to implement preferential measures for impoverished students to ease their pressure of internet charges.
此外，工信部鼓勵(lì)基礎(chǔ)電信企業(yè)重點(diǎn)面向貧困家庭學(xué)生推出優(yōu)惠幫扶舉措，減輕困難學(xué)生用網(wǎng)資費(fèi)壓力。

用眼疲勞 eye fatigue

受新冠肺炎疫情影響，許多職場(chǎng)人士居家辦公，遠(yuǎn)程處理工作事務(wù)，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用電腦、手機(jī)。有人甚至表示，居家辦公比上班還累，因?yàn)楦緵](méi)有下班的時(shí)候。

眼科專(zhuān)家表示，這種情況下，合理用眼顯得更加重要。

A break of 10 minutes is necessary to relax the eyes after working continuously for 30 minutes to an hour, said Wei Wenbin, head of the ophthalmology department with Beijing Tongren Hospital, noting that remote working requires looking at screens for a long time, which could lead to eyestrain.
北京同仁醫(yī)院眼科主任魏文斌表示，遠(yuǎn)程工作需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看屏幕，由此導(dǎo)致眼睛疲勞，應(yīng)該在連續(xù)工作30分鐘到1小時(shí)后讓眼睛休息10分鐘。

He called for a distance of 40 cm from computer screens during work and proper background light to reduce eye fatigue.
他還建議，工作時(shí)要與電腦屏幕保持40厘米的距離，同時(shí)保證有適當(dāng)?shù)谋尘罢彰?，以緩解眼睛疲勞?/p>

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

這里的eyestrain和eye fatigue均表示“眼睛疲勞”，有時(shí)eyestrain也寫(xiě)作eye strain，常見(jiàn)的眼睛疲勞癥狀有：眼睛發(fā)熱或發(fā)癢（burning eyes or itchy eyes）、眼睛紅腫（sore or irritated eyes）容易流淚（watery eyes）、視線模糊或重影（blurred or double vision）、眼睛對(duì)光敏感（sensitivity to light），以及肩頸背痛（pain in the neck, shoulders, or back）等。

魏文斌建議，

People should ensure adequate sleep of seven to eight hours each night and exercise at home, including yoga, jogging, or sit-ups, said Wei, adding that computer keyboards should be cleaned regularly to prevent conjunctivitis caused by bacteria.
人們應(yīng)該保證每晚7到8小時(shí)的睡眠，在家也要鍛煉身體，比如：瑜伽、慢跑或仰臥起坐等，此外，要定期清潔電腦鍵盤(pán)，以防止由細(xì)菌感染導(dǎo)致的結(jié)膜炎。

此外，健康網(wǎng)站上也列出了一些小貼士。

Looking away from the computer screen up to a distance of 20 feet for 20 seconds every 20 minutes helps in reducing the stress in the eyes.
看屏幕20分鐘后，抬頭眺望20英尺（6米）外的遠(yuǎn)處至少20 秒鐘以上有助于緩解眼部壓力。

Firmly massaging the temples with your fingers in a rotary fashion for a minute while closing your eyes is often helpful in relieving the symptoms.
閉上眼睛，用手指在兩邊太陽(yáng)穴用力揉圈按摩通常會(huì)緩解眼睛疲勞。

Repeated blinking eye exercise should be done for 10 seconds at least 5 times a day.
每天5次，每次10秒鐘做頻繁眨眼練習(xí)。

Changing brightness and contrast levels on your monitor and increasing text size can also be advantageous.
調(diào)整顯示器的亮度和對(duì)比度以及將屏幕上顯示的字體調(diào)大也會(huì)有幫助。

網(wǎng)上就業(yè) online employment

日前，教育部印發(fā)《關(guān)于應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情做好2020屆全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)工作的通知》，就進(jìn)一步指導(dǎo)推動(dòng)各地各高校積極應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情，開(kāi)展網(wǎng)上就業(yè)服務(wù)、拓寬就業(yè)和升學(xué)渠道、強(qiáng)化就業(yè)困難幫扶等工作，作出部署安排。

China expects to see a total of 8.74 million college graduates this year, data from the Ministry of Education (MOE) showed.
教育部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年我國(guó)將有874萬(wàn)高校畢業(yè)生。

The MOE launched a 24-hour online campus recruitment service to help graduates find jobs amid the COVID-19 epidemic.
為了幫助疫情期間高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)，教育部近期推出了一個(gè)24小時(shí)在線校園招聘服務(wù)。

The free service is available on the ministry's campus recruitment portal and five leading job-hunting websites in China, which had all put in place special pages for the project, according to the ministry.
教育部表示，該服務(wù)在教育部校園招聘平臺(tái)以及國(guó)內(nèi)五家主要社會(huì)招聘網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)推出，這五家招聘網(wǎng)站均為該服務(wù)推出了專(zhuān)門(mén)的頁(yè)面。

通知指出，在線招聘要嚴(yán)格信息審核（strictly verify the job information），確保招聘單位及崗位信息真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確。鼓勵(lì)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)人崗信息精準(zhǔn)推送、網(wǎng)上面試（conduct online interview）、網(wǎng)上簽約（sign employment contract online）。

同時(shí)，《通知》還要求要拓寬畢業(yè)生就業(yè)渠道。

The country will expand recruitment in senior high schools and kindergartens where teachers are urgently needed, and encourage more graduates to find jobs or start businesses in sectors including modern agriculture and social public services.
我們將招錄更多高校畢業(yè)生到急需教師的高中和幼兒園任教，引導(dǎo)畢業(yè)生到現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、社會(huì)公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。

College graduates will also be encouraged to join the military.
引導(dǎo)高校畢業(yè)生參軍入伍。

方艙休艙 makeshift hospitals closed

Makeshift hospitals built to treat novel coronavirus infected patients with mild symptoms in Wuhan, Hubei province, the epicenter of the outbreak, are expected to wrap up operation around March 10, China Central Television reported on Sunday.
據(jù)央視3月8日?qǐng)?bào)道，新冠肺炎疫情爆發(fā)地湖北省武漢市臨時(shí)改建的方艙醫(yī)院有望在3月10日全部休艙。方艙醫(yī)院主要用來(lái)治療新冠肺炎輕癥患者。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

“方艙醫(yī)院”是解放軍野戰(zhàn)機(jī)動(dòng)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的一種（part of mobile field medical system of the PLA），在各種應(yīng)急救治中也有廣泛使用。“方艙醫(yī)院”一般由醫(yī)療功能單元（medical treatment）、病房單元（ward）、技術(shù)保障單元（technical support）等部分構(gòu)成，是一種模塊化衛(wèi)生裝備，具有緊急救治（emergency treatment）、外科處置（surgical treatment）、臨床檢驗(yàn)（clinical tests）等多方面功能。

Since Feb 5, 14 makeshift hospitals in the city have been operating, with the longest running for 33 days, and treating more than 12,000 cases, it said.
報(bào)道指出，自2月5日以來(lái)，武漢市共有14家方艙醫(yī)院接診患者，其中運(yùn)行時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的為33天，共收治新冠肺炎輕癥患者12000多人。

As of Sunday afternoon, 11 of the 14 hospitals have suspended operation, with their patients either discharged or transferred to designated hospitals, it said.
截至3月8日下午，14家方艙醫(yī)院中已有11家休艙，患者均已出院或轉(zhuǎn)移到了定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院。

There are a little more than 100 patients still being treated in the remaining three makeshift hospitals.
剩余3家方艙醫(yī)院累計(jì)在院患者100多人。

意大利封國(guó) Italy under lockdown

截至當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月9日18時(shí)左右，意大利民防部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)人、新冠病毒應(yīng)急委員會(huì)專(zhuān)員安杰洛·博雷利在例行疫情新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，該國(guó)現(xiàn)存新冠肺炎病例7985例，累計(jì)治愈724人；新增死亡病例97例，累計(jì)死亡463人。

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月9日夜間，意大利總理孔特宣布，因新冠疫情嚴(yán)峻，人員流動(dòng)緊急管控措施將擴(kuò)大至意大利全境（extend the emergency quarantine measures across the entire country）。

孔特表示：

“The figures show we are experiencing a serious increase in infections, an increase in people hospitalised in intensive care – and an increase, unfortunately, in deaths. We need to change our lifestyle. We need to change it now. That’s why I have decided to adopt these hard measures,” said Conte.
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我們國(guó)家目前的感染人數(shù)、重癥人數(shù)以及，很不幸的，死亡人數(shù)均在顯著增加。我們需要改變生活方式，需要立即改變。因此我決定采取這些強(qiáng)硬的措施。

"The whole of Italy will become a protected zone," he added.
“整個(gè)意大利要成為一個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)?！?/p>

"We all must give something up for the good of Italy. We have to do it now.
我們都應(yīng)該為意大利的安好做出一些犧牲，我們必須這么做。

“There is no more time. I will take responsibility for these measures. Our future is in our hands,” he told reporters.
“沒(méi)有時(shí)間了，我會(huì)為這些措施負(fù)責(zé)，我們的未來(lái)在我們自己手上?！?/p>

孔特將此次管控措施稱(chēng)為“我待在家（I stay at home）”，具體措施包括：

People are forbidden to gather in public.
禁止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所聚集。

All public events will be banned, cinemas, theatres, gyms, discos and pubs closed, and funerals and weddings cancelled.
禁止所有公共活動(dòng)，電影院、劇院、健身房、迪廳及酒吧全部關(guān)閉，婚禮、葬禮全部取消。

All sporting events - including football matches - are suspended nationwide. Schools and universities will remain closed until April 3.
全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)暫停所有體育活動(dòng)，包括足球賽事。各類(lèi)學(xué)校在4月3日之前保持關(guān)閉。

Those who have to leave their region or their cities out of serious necessity can do so only if they have self-certification stating that they must cross the borders for compelling business reasons, health reasons, or because they have to return home.
因緊迫的工作需要、健康需要或者家庭需要而離開(kāi)當(dāng)前城市或地區(qū)的，需提供相應(yīng)的證明后才能出行。

There are controls at train stations to check the temperatures of passengers. Cruise ships are also forbidden to dock at various ports.
火車(chē)站設(shè)立檢查站檢測(cè)乘客體溫。禁止游輪?？烤硟?nèi)港口。

People may face fines and up to three months in jail for breaking quarantine rules.
違反疫情防控規(guī)定者或面臨罰款以及最高3個(gè)月的監(jiān)禁。