減免企業(yè)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) cut corporate contributions to social insurance

人社部會(huì)同財(cái)政部、稅務(wù)總局研究制定了《關(guān)于階段性減免企業(yè)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的通知》，明確了免、減、緩三項(xiàng)措施。

To help enterprises withstand the epidemic and stabilize employment, the country will cut corporate contributions to the old-age pension, unemployment and workplace safety insurance funds by at least 500 billion yuan this year, according to You Jun, vice-minister of human resources and social security.
人社部副部長游鈞表示，為了幫助企業(yè)抵抗疫情、穩(wěn)定就業(yè)，我國今年將減免養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)以及工傷這三項(xiàng)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)單位的繳費(fèi)，預(yù)計(jì)減免規(guī)模將超5000億元。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

我國的社保制度(social insurance system)由五險(xiǎn)一金組成。所謂五險(xiǎn)一金，即養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)(endowment insurance)、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)(medical insurance)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)(unemployment insurance)、工傷保險(xiǎn)(employment injury insurance)和生育保險(xiǎn)(maternity insurance)，及住房公積金(housing provident fund)。

游鈞在國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說:

Nationwide micro, small-and medium-sized enterprises－as well as all types of enterprises in Hubei province, the outbreak epicenter－will be eligible for exemption of the old-age pension, unemployment and workplace safety insurance payments from February to June.
免，即從2020年2月起，各省份可以對中小微企業(yè)的養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)、工傷保險(xiǎn)的三項(xiàng)社保的單位繳費(fèi)實(shí)行免征，免征的期限不超過5個(gè)月，即免征的政策可以執(zhí)行到6月份。湖北省可以將免征的范圍擴(kuò)大到各類參保企業(yè)。

Large enterprises outside Hubei will see their contributions halved from February to April.
減，即湖北以外的全國其他省份對大型企業(yè)等其他參保單位的三項(xiàng)社保單位繳費(fèi)可減半征收，減征的期限不超過3個(gè)月。

Companies undergoing severe difficulties due to the epidemic are eligible for the deferral of the three types of social insurance payments for as long as six months.No overdue fine will be charged during this period.
緩，即受疫情影響，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重困難的企業(yè)可申請緩繳，緩繳的期限原則上不超過6個(gè)月，緩繳期間免收滯納金。

此外，住房城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部會(huì)同財(cái)政部、中國人民銀行研究提出了關(guān)于住房公積金的支持政策。

Before the end of June, companies may also apply for deferring their payments to the housing provident fund. Failure by employees to repay their housing provident fund loans due to the epidemic will not be taken as a default.
企業(yè)可按規(guī)定申請?jiān)?020年6月30日前緩繳住房公積金。受疫情影響住房公積金貸款不能正常還款的，不作逾期處理。

一線醫(yī)護(hù)人員 frontline medical workers

2月22日，中央應(yīng)對新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組印發(fā)《關(guān)于全面落實(shí)進(jìn)一步保護(hù)關(guān)心愛護(hù)醫(yī)務(wù)人員若干措施的通知》（以下簡稱《通知》）。

Front-line medical workers in Hubei province, including those with medical assistance teams from other parts of the country, will have their salaries tripled during the epidemic control fight, and subsidies for them will be further boosted, according to the document.
《通知》指出，將湖北?。ê贬t(yī)療隊(duì)）一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員薪酬水平提高2倍，同時(shí)進(jìn)一步提高臨時(shí)性工作補(bǔ)助。

【單詞講解】

Triple在這里用作動(dòng)詞，意思是“（使）增至三倍”，比如，一名醫(yī)務(wù)工作人員原來的月薪是8000元，如果下個(gè)月的工資是8000元的triple，那就是24000元，實(shí)際上工資增加的幅度為原工資的兩倍16000元，中文習(xí)慣表達(dá)為“提高了兩倍”。其他表示倍數(shù)的詞double（兩倍）、quadruple（四倍）等也是同樣的用法。

《通知》指出，新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生以來，全國廣大醫(yī)務(wù)人員義無反顧沖上疫情防控第一線，為保護(hù)人民生命健康作出重大貢獻(xiàn)。當(dāng)前全國疫情防控進(jìn)入關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，醫(yī)務(wù)人員工作任務(wù)重、感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高、工作壓力大，各地各有關(guān)部門務(wù)必高度重視對他們的保護(hù)、關(guān)心、愛護(hù)，加強(qiáng)各方面支持保障，解除他們的后顧之憂，使他們始終保持強(qiáng)大戰(zhàn)斗力、昂揚(yáng)斗志、旺盛精力，持續(xù)健康、心無旁騖投入戰(zhàn)勝疫情斗爭。

除提高薪酬待遇之外，《通知》還提出了其他保護(hù)關(guān)心愛護(hù)醫(yī)務(wù)人員的措施。

要做好工傷認(rèn)定和待遇保障。

Streamlined procedures to facilitate compensation for work-related infections will be provided.
簡化理賠程序，保障醫(yī)務(wù)人員及時(shí)享受工傷保險(xiǎn)待遇。

要實(shí)施職稱評聘傾斜措施。

Front-line medical workers who have participated in epidemic prevention and control will be given preference in cases of getting promotions or applying for professional titles.
一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員在職稱評聘中優(yōu)先申報(bào)、優(yōu)先參評、優(yōu)先聘任。

要落實(shí)一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員生活保障。

Clean and nutritious meals should be provided, together with comfortable living environment and commuter services.
干凈、營養(yǎng)、便捷的就餐服務(wù)，舒適的生活休息環(huán)境，并解決通勤問題。

要加強(qiáng)醫(yī)務(wù)人員個(gè)人防護(hù)。

The circular also stressed that demand for protective equipment at designated hospitals, fever clinics and quarantine facilities must be prioritized.
全力保障定點(diǎn)救治醫(yī)院、發(fā)熱門診、集中隔離觀察點(diǎn)等一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員防護(hù)物資需求。

要確保輪換休整到位。

Medical workers will take mandatory rest after long working hours, their paid vacation days should be increased after the epidemic.
對長時(shí)間高負(fù)荷工作人員安排強(qiáng)制休息。疫情結(jié)束后，適當(dāng)增加休息和帶薪休假時(shí)間。

要及時(shí)做好心理調(diào)適疏導(dǎo)。

Medical workers will receive mental health consultation.
開展一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員心理健康評估。

要切實(shí)落實(shí)有困難家庭的照顧幫扶。

Family members of medical workers who have difficulties in their daily lives will receive greater support, according to the circular. They will gain improved access to medical care, and community officials will be responsible for providing assistance to them, including their children.
開通一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員家屬就醫(yī)綠色通道，建立社區(qū)干部聯(lián)系幫扶一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員家庭制度，對于一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員子女教育給予更多幫助關(guān)愛。

要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更加安全的執(zhí)業(yè)環(huán)境。

We should safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of medical workers.
保障醫(yī)務(wù)人員合法權(quán)益。

要開展烈士褒揚(yáng)和先進(jìn)表彰。

We should award outstanding medical workers and honor those who died fighting the epidemic as martyrs, and give preferential treatment to their children in school enrolling.
依法做好因疫情防控犧牲殉職人員的烈士評定和褒揚(yáng)工作，對于獲得表彰以及被認(rèn)定為烈士的醫(yī)務(wù)人員的子女，在入學(xué)升學(xué)方面按規(guī)定享受相關(guān)待遇。

景區(qū)實(shí)名制購票 real-name ticketing at scenic spots

文化和旅游部2月25日下發(fā)的《旅游景區(qū)恢復(fù)開放疫情防控措施指南》明確，景區(qū)恢復(fù)開放應(yīng)堅(jiān)持分區(qū)分級原則，不搞“一刀切”，疫情高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)旅游景區(qū)暫緩開放，疫情中、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)的旅游景區(qū)開放由當(dāng)?shù)攸h委政府決定。

The guidelines required real-name ticketing, registration of tourists' contact and travel information and big data-powered monitoring of tourist information as scenic attractions have gradually started reopening to the public.
隨著各地旅游景區(qū)陸續(xù)恢復(fù)開放，指南要求景區(qū)實(shí)行實(shí)名制購票，記錄入園游客聯(lián)絡(luò)方式、來往交通等信息，利用大數(shù)據(jù)等手段，做好游客信息動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測。

指南要求：

各地恢復(fù)開放的景區(qū)應(yīng)嚴(yán)控游客流量（control tourist volume），有效采取門票預(yù)約、智慧引導(dǎo)等手段，科學(xué)分流疏導(dǎo)游客，防止人員聚集（avoid crowds）。

應(yīng)采取分時(shí)段、間隔性辦法安排游客入園（allow tourists admission during different time periods），景區(qū)出入口（entrances and exits of scenic spots）、重要參觀點(diǎn)（hot tourist spots）等容易出現(xiàn)人員聚集的位置要配備管理人員，加強(qiáng)游客秩序管理。

指南鼓勵(lì)各景區(qū)采取互聯(lián)網(wǎng)售票（online ticketing）、二維碼驗(yàn)票（check in with QR code）等方式減少人員接觸，游客在測量體溫、佩戴口罩后方可入園（tourists should have their temperatures taken and wear masks before entrance）。

對發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似病例的景區(qū)，要立即采取隔離措施（take quarantine measures），加強(qiáng)密切接觸者追蹤（tracking close contacts）、疫點(diǎn)消毒工作（disinfection），并暫時(shí)關(guān)閉景區(qū)，待情況得到控制后，再按程序報(bào)批恢復(fù)開放。

景區(qū)恢復(fù)開放前應(yīng)做好員工健康監(jiān)測和報(bào)告（monitor and report their employees' health conditions），掌握員工出行軌跡（travel records）等情況，對來自疫情嚴(yán)重地區(qū)的人員要實(shí)施隔離觀察，實(shí)行“一進(jìn)一測一登記”制度，進(jìn)入景區(qū)前須進(jìn)行體溫檢測。

碩士研究生擴(kuò)招 expand enrolment of postgraduates

近日召開的國務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議推出鼓勵(lì)吸納高校畢業(yè)生和農(nóng)民工就業(yè)的措施。

he meeting decided to expand the enrolment of postgraduates and degree programs for junior college graduates, create more jobs in medical and social services at the community level, and strengthen support for micro and small enterprises to recruit more college graduates.
會(huì)議決定，擴(kuò)大今年碩士研究生招生和專升本規(guī)模，增加基層醫(yī)療、社會(huì)服務(wù)等崗位招募規(guī)模，加大對小微企業(yè)吸納高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的支持。

【單詞講解】

在國外大學(xué)招生的過程中，經(jīng)常會(huì)看到admission和enrolment這兩個(gè)詞，具體說來，admission指的是這個(gè)學(xué)校的招生條件，符合這個(gè)條件的學(xué)生都可以報(bào)考/申請這個(gè)學(xué)校，所以，admission一般指整個(gè)的招生錄取過程；而enrolment則指最后被學(xué)校錄取、學(xué)生入校注冊。當(dāng)然，admission在日常的使用中還有“準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入（某地）”的意思，比如admission fee就是“入場費(fèi)、門票費(fèi)”。

教育部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，報(bào)名參加2020年碩士研究生考試的考生人數(shù)創(chuàng)新高。

A total of 3.41 million people took part in China's 2020 national entrance exam for postgraduate studies in Decembber, 510,000 more than last year, the Ministry of Education said. A record 8.74 million university students are expected to graduate this year.
去年12月份參加2020年碩士研究生考試的考生達(dá)到341萬，比上年增加了51萬。今年的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生預(yù)計(jì)將有874萬。

國務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議推出的其他鼓勵(lì)就業(yè)措施還包括：

引導(dǎo)用人單位推遲面試和錄取時(shí)間（postpone interviews and hiring），對延遲離校應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生推遲報(bào)到、落戶等時(shí)限（delay the registration time and settlement of hukou for graduates who defer their graduation）。

對離校未就業(yè)高校畢業(yè)生提供2年戶口和檔案托管（unemployed graduates can have their hukou and personal files held in trust for two years），按應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生身份辦理就業(yè)手續(xù)。

積極擴(kuò)大農(nóng)民工就業(yè)。加大穩(wěn)崗和就業(yè)補(bǔ)助。拓寬就地就近就業(yè)渠道（create more local or nearby jobs）。

新上一批帶動(dòng)就業(yè)能力強(qiáng)的項(xiàng)目（a group of new projects providing a large number of posts will be approved）。

重大工程建設(shè)、以工代賑項(xiàng)目優(yōu)先吸納貧困勞動(dòng)力（prioritize poverty-stricken workers in recruitment）。

共享員工 employee sharing

新冠肺炎疫情打亂了很多行業(yè)的陣腳。很多餐飲企業(yè)遭遇寒冬，門庭冷落客流稀少；新零售企業(yè)的線上訂單卻呈爆發(fā)式增長，人手出現(xiàn)短缺，于是出現(xiàn)了“共享員工”這一新的用工模式。

Several Chinese companies are temporarily hiring — or “sharing” — employees from businesses that haven’t resumed operations or are only partially operating due to concerns over the novel coronavirus epidemic. The so-called shared employees, known as gongxiang yuangong in Chinese, are being hired by supermarkets, e-commerce platforms’ retail stores, and other companies or factories to ease the workforce crunch.
我國多家企業(yè)正在臨時(shí)雇用因?yàn)樾鹿谝咔槎鴽]有復(fù)工或僅部分復(fù)工企業(yè)的員工。這些員工被稱為“共享員工”，他們受雇于超市、電商零售店以及其他公司或工廠以緩解用工荒。

2月初，盒馬鮮生超市發(fā)布公告，宣布接納云海肴、青年餐廳的部分員工入駐盒馬門店工作，相關(guān)合作涉及上海、北京、南京等多地，共計(jì)近500人。

According to domestic media outlet National Business Daily, more than 3,000 new employees had joined Hema as of Feb 19, while over 4,000 people had signed up for the “talent-sharing” plan under Suning’s logistics arm as of Feb 21. The American supermarket chain Walmart has also joined in the trend, hiring more than 3,000 temporary workers from other sectors to work at its branches in cities like Beijing, Fuzhou, and Shenzhen.
據(jù)《每日經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞》報(bào)道，截至2月19日，已經(jīng)有3000多名員工加入盒馬鮮生；截至2月21日，有4000多人加入蘇寧旗下物流公司的“人才共享”計(jì)劃。美國連鎖超市沃爾瑪也加入這一行列，從其他行業(yè)臨時(shí)雇用了3000多名員工在其北京、福州以及深圳的分店工作。

此外，京東7FRESH、永輝等多家零售企業(yè)以及哈啰出行等共享單車企業(yè)也陸續(xù)發(fā)布“員工共享”計(jì)劃，向臨時(shí)歇業(yè)的餐飲、酒店、影院等企業(yè)員工發(fā)出邀請，以期抱團(tuán)取暖，共克時(shí)艱。

Bike-sharing company Hellobike has opened 8,000 positions nationwide for bicycle maintenance, according to state-owned Xinhua News Agency. In Hefei, capital of the eastern Anhui province, Hellobike is seeking 300 temporary workers, while 40 employees from a local hotel have started working at an industrial park on one-month contracts.
據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，共享單車企業(yè)哈啰出行已面向全國發(fā)出8000個(gè)自行車維護(hù)崗位。在安徽省合肥市，哈啰出行正在招募300名臨時(shí)員工，與此同時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)匾患屹e館的40名員工已經(jīng)在一個(gè)工業(yè)園上崗，合同期為一個(gè)月。

中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)研究院執(zhí)行院長盤和林指出，“共享員工（employee sharing）”在暫時(shí)勞動(dòng)力過剩的傳統(tǒng)餐飲業(yè)與暫時(shí)勞動(dòng)力緊缺的新興電商零售平臺(tái)之間激發(fā)了勞動(dòng)共享，傳統(tǒng)餐飲企業(yè)、電商零售平臺(tái)和員工三方都解了燃眉之急（address the pressing need of traditional catering enterprises, e-commerce platforms and workers）。

不過，“共享員工”模式可能存在的用工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也引發(fā)了關(guān)注。

業(yè)內(nèi)人士認(rèn)為，在勞務(wù)關(guān)系下，“共享員工”模式屬于跨行業(yè)借調(diào)用工的模式，即社保仍由原單位繳納、工資由借用單位承擔(dān)并由原單位負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放。

Yao Junchang, a lawyer with Beijing Weiheng Law Firm, told Workers’ Daily that companies hiring temporary workers should include detailed provisions in their agreements, including the duration of employment, salary and policy for work-related injury compensation.
北京煒衡律師事務(wù)所合伙人姚均昌律師在接受《工人日報(bào)》記者采訪時(shí)指出，企業(yè)應(yīng)該就員工的雇用期限、工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、工傷賠償責(zé)任承擔(dān)等方面作出具體約定。

“At the same time, the companies lending the employees should sign a complete secondment arrangement, pay employees in full, and pay social security on time,” he said. “Employees should pay more attention to safety precautions and require a tripartite agreement or labor agreement to be signed during the temporary employment period and keep records as evidence.”
同時(shí)，借出企業(yè)要簽訂完善的借調(diào)協(xié)議、及時(shí)足額為員工繳納社保并支付工資，保障員工的合法權(quán)益；員工應(yīng)更注重安全防護(hù)，借調(diào)期間應(yīng)當(dāng)要求簽訂三方協(xié)議或勞務(wù)協(xié)議，保留好工作記錄和證據(jù)。

（中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 Helen）