整個2月，新冠肺炎疫情持續(xù)在中國傳播，上億中國人民開始了“宅在家”的生活。在疫情的中心，湖北武漢，火神山、雷神山醫(yī)院相繼開始收治病人，隨后又有多個方艙醫(yī)院建成投入使用。醫(yī)務人員夜以繼日奮戰(zhàn)在抗疫第一線，而為了保證普通民眾的日常生活，各類電商開始發(fā)力，快遞員成為了另一條“生命線”。這個月，我們的熱詞匯總基本都與新冠肺炎疫情相關。

火神山醫(yī)院 Huoshenshan Hospital

Huoshenshan (Fire God Mountain) Hospital was delivered Sunday in Wuhan. It is dedicated to treating patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
武漢火神山醫(yī)院于2月2日交付，將專門用于治療新型冠狀病毒感染患者。

A total of 1,400 medical staff from the armed forces are tasked with treating patients in Huoshenshan Hospital starting from Monday. The medics consist of 950 people from hospitals affiliated to the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Joint Logistic Support Force, and 450 from medical universities of the army, navy and air force of the PLA who were sent to Wuhan earlier.
軍隊抽組1400名醫(yī)護人員于2月3日起承擔武漢火神山新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎?？漆t(yī)院醫(yī)療救治任務。此次抽組的醫(yī)療力量來自全軍不同的醫(yī)療單位，其中，聯(lián)勤保障部隊所屬醫(yī)院抽組950人，先期抵達的陸軍軍醫(yī)大學、海軍軍醫(yī)大學、空軍軍醫(yī)大學450人納入統(tǒng)一編組。

為救治新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎患者，解決現(xiàn)有醫(yī)療資源不足的問題，武漢決定興建火神山醫(yī)院，建筑面積34000平方米，可容納1000張床位。

The new facility will ease the shortage of beds in the city resulting from an increasing number of patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
新醫(yī)院將緩解武漢因感染新型冠狀病毒患者不斷增加而導致的床位短缺問題。

作為一所傳染病醫(yī)院，大到房間的結構布局，小到一個下水管道，在各項防護措施方面，近乎苛刻。而充分借鑒小湯山醫(yī)院，讓火神山醫(yī)院的設計與建設“站在巨人的肩膀上”。

——分區(qū)嚴格隔離（different sections are strictly separated）。通過設置清潔區(qū)（cleaning section）、半污染區(qū)（partially contaminated section）、污染區(qū)（contaminated section）及醫(yī)護人員專用通道和病人專用通道（separate routes for medical staff and patients）的布置方式，嚴格避免交叉感染（cross infection）。醫(yī)療區(qū)與生活區(qū)同樣嚴格隔離。醫(yī)護人員進出病區(qū)設置包括風淋在內的專用衛(wèi)生通過設施，最大限度地保護醫(yī)護人員的健康安全。

——病房帶上“口罩”（every ward is technically masked）。離地面架空30厘米的每間病房，放置兩張病床，均設有獨立的衛(wèi)生間。兩扇窗戶和通道組成的專用隔離防護窗，用于藥品和食品的傳遞。醫(yī)院絕大部分房間都是負壓房間（most of the rooms in the hospital are under negative pressure），房間內的壓力比外面低，如同給病房帶上“口罩”，避免病毒隨著氣流產(chǎn)生交叉感染。

——污染集中處理（all contaminated resources go through high-standard disinfection）。醫(yī)院鋪設了5萬平方米的防滲膜，覆蓋整個院區(qū)，確保污染物不會滲透到土壤水體中，同時醫(yī)院安裝了雨水、污水處理系統(tǒng)，經(jīng)過兩次氯氣消毒處理，達標后才可排放。所有房間排風均經(jīng)過消毒殺菌及高效過濾達標后，才高空排放。

A second special hospital for the treatment of the novel coronavirus — Leishenshan Hospital — is under construction in Wuhan. It is expected to be completed on Wednesday and start receiving patients the following day.
另一座新型冠狀病毒治療醫(yī)院——雷神山醫(yī)院也正在武漢施工建設，該醫(yī)院有望在2月5日完工，并于次日開始接診。

方艙醫(yī)院 mobile cabin hospital

Wuhan will make use of the city's sports stadium and two convention centers, and renovate them into three mobile cabin hospitals to offer a total of 3,400 beds to treat novel coronavirus infected patients with mild symptoms.
武漢將把該市的一處體育館和兩個會展中心改建成三所“方艙醫(yī)院”，以收治新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎輕癥患者為主，將提供3400張醫(yī)療床位。

【知識點】

“方艙醫(yī)院”（mobile cabin hospitals）是解放軍野戰(zhàn)機動醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的一種（part of mobile field medical system of the PLA），在各種應急救治中也有廣泛使用?！胺脚撫t(yī)院”一般由醫(yī)療功能單元（medical treatment）、病房單元（ward）、技術保障單元（technical support）等部分構成，是一種模塊化衛(wèi)生裝備，具有緊急救治（emergency treatment）、外科處置（surgical treatment）、臨床檢驗（clinical tests）等多方面功能。

這三處“方艙醫(yī)院”位于洪山體育館（800張床位）、武漢客廳（2000張床位）、武漢國際會展中心（1000張床位）。

Medical staff will be dispatched to the three hospitals to take care of patients who test positive for the virus — but show no severe symptoms — as soon as they are completed. Once a patient's symptoms worsen, he or she will be transferred to Jinyintan Hospital, one of the city's designated hospitals to admit patients infected with the new virus, in a timely manner.
上述醫(yī)院建成后將派醫(yī)護人員前往，照顧感染了新型冠狀病毒、但癥狀不嚴重的患者。一旦患者病情惡化，將及時被轉入定點醫(yī)院金銀潭醫(yī)院。

病死率 fatality rate

2月4日下午，國家衛(wèi)生健康委舉行新聞發(fā)布會，介紹了新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎重癥患者的醫(yī)療救治情況。

The current case fatality rate (CFR) of the novel coronavirus infection on the Chinese mainland has dropped to 2.1 percent, Chinese health authorities said Tuesday.
國家衛(wèi)健委表示，全國新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎患者病死率已降至2.1%。

The CFR remained stable after an initial 2.3 percent recorded at the beginning of the outbreak, said Jiao Yahui with the National Health Commission at a daily press briefing on the epidemic.
國家衛(wèi)健委醫(yī)政醫(yī)管局副局長焦雅輝在發(fā)布會上表示，全國的病死率在疫情初期的時候是2.3%，目前基本上是穩(wěn)定的。

【知識點】

病死率（case fatality rate，CFR）指一段時間內患有某個病癥的所有患者中，因該病死亡人數(shù)所占的比例。病死率的計算方式就是，用該病患者死亡人數(shù)除以該病所有患者人數(shù)。

與之相關的還有一個概念就是，發(fā)病率（incidence rate），指特定人群在一定時間內發(fā)生某個病癥新病例的頻率。

The CFR in Hubei province was 3.1 percent, as the majority of the deaths occurred in the province, which saw a death toll of 414, over 97 percent of the total.
死亡患者主要集中在湖北省，累計414人，占全國97%，湖北省確診病例的病死率為3.1%。

In Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei, the CFR stood at 4.9 percent and the death toll was 313, accounting for 74 percent of the national total.
武漢市的死亡人數(shù)是313人，占全國死亡的74%，武漢確診病例病死率是4.9%。

2月4日下午，國家衛(wèi)生健康委舉行新聞發(fā)布會，介紹了新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎重癥患者的醫(yī)療救治情況。

The current case fatality rate (CFR) of the novel coronavirus infection on the Chinese mainland has dropped to 2.1 percent, Chinese health authorities said Tuesday.
國家衛(wèi)健委表示，全國新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎患者病死率已降至2.1%。

The CFR remained stable after an initial 2.3 percent recorded at the beginning of the outbreak, said Jiao Yahui with the National Health Commission at a daily press briefing on the epidemic.
國家衛(wèi)健委醫(yī)政醫(yī)管局副局長焦雅輝在發(fā)布會上表示，全國的病死率在疫情初期的時候是2.3%，目前基本上是穩(wěn)定的。

【知識點】

病死率（case fatality rate，CFR）指一段時間內患有某個病癥的所有患者中，因該病死亡人數(shù)所占的比例。病死率的計算方式就是，用該病患者死亡人數(shù)除以該病所有患者人數(shù)。

與之相關的還有一個概念就是，發(fā)病率（incidence rate），指特定人群在一定時間內發(fā)生某個病癥新病例的頻率。

The CFR in Hubei province was 3.1 percent, as the majority of the deaths occurred in the province, which saw a death toll of 414, over 97 percent of the total.
死亡患者主要集中在湖北省，累計414人，占全國97%，湖北省確診病例的病死率為3.1%。

In Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei, the CFR stood at 4.9 percent and the death toll was 313, accounting for 74 percent of the national total.
武漢市的死亡人數(shù)是313人，占全國死亡的74%，武漢確診病例病死率是4.9%。

The fatality rate outside Hubei was only 0.16 percent.
如果除掉湖北省，其他省份的病死率是0.16%。

More than 80 percent of the deaths were elderly people over 60 years old, and over 75 percent had at least one underlying disease such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and tumors.
死亡患者以高齡為主，80%以上都是60歲以上的老年人，75%以上有一種以上的基礎疾病，如心血管病、糖尿病以及腫瘤等。

中央一號文件 No. 1 central document

21世紀以來第17個指導“三農”工作的中央一號文件2月5日發(fā)布。

This year the document urged efforts on two main tasks -- winning the battle against poverty and strengthening areas of weakness concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, as the country strives to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects this year.
文件指出，2020年是全面建成小康社會目標實現(xiàn)之年，有兩個重點任務要完成：打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，補上三農”領域突出短板。

【知識點】

中央一號文件（No. 1 central document）指中共中央每年發(fā)布的第一份文件（the first policy statement released by central authorities each year）。中共中央在2004年至2020年連續(xù)十七年發(fā)布以“三農”（農業(yè)、農村、農民）為主題的中央一號文件，強調了“三農”問題（issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers）在中國社會主義現(xiàn)代化時期“重中之重”的地位。

這份文件題為《中共中央 國務院關于抓好“三農”領域重點工作確保如期實現(xiàn)全面小康的意見》，全文共5個部分，包括：堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)（win the battle against poverty）；對標全面建成小康社會加快補上農村基礎設施和公共服務短板（improve infrastructure and public services in rural areas）；保障重要農產(chǎn)品有效供給和促進農民持續(xù)增收（ensure supplies of important agricultural products, promote the increases in farmers' incomes）；加強農村基層治理（strengthen grassroots governance in rural areas）；強化農村補短板保障措施（improve rural weak links）。

具體要點如下：

China has made decisive achievements in poverty relief and vowed to fully realize poverty elimination targets this year. In doing so, the country will increase support for areas in deep poverty by adding poverty alleviation funds, the document said.
脫貧攻堅已經(jīng)取得決定性成就，現(xiàn)在到了攻城拔寨、全面收官的階段。各級財政要繼續(xù)增加專項扶貧資金，中央財政新增部分主要用于深度貧困地區(qū)。

Efforts should also be made to provide institutional guarantees to prevent people from returning to poverty after being lifted out of it in a bid to consolidate poverty relief results.
為鞏固脫貧成果提供制度保障，防止返貧。

The document noted that the country should keep the poverty alleviation policies on stable footing.
保持脫貧攻堅政策總體穩(wěn)定。

China will see an immense change after it accomplishes its poverty elimination tasks, it said, urging that poverty reduction work should center more on addressing relative poverty and become normalized.
脫貧攻堅任務完成后，我國貧困狀況將發(fā)生重大變化，扶貧工作重心轉向解決相對貧困，扶貧工作方式由集中作戰(zhàn)調整為常態(tài)推進。

The country should establish long-term mechanisms and strengthen the "top-level design" to tackle relative poverty while accelerating its pace to introduce the guideline, connecting poverty alleviation efforts with rural vitalization strategies.
要研究建立解決相對貧困的長效機制，加強解決相對貧困問題頂層設計，抓緊研究制定脫貧攻堅與實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略有機銜接的意見。

Areas of weakness in rural work such as infrastructure and public services should be improved, while efforts should be made to ensure safe drinking water and strengthen rural environmental protection, said the document.
加快補上農村基礎設施和公共服務短板，提高農村供水保障水平，扎實搞好農村人居環(huán)境整治。

Rural education will be further improved by strengthening the building of boarding schools in townships and increasing supplies of inclusive preschool education resources through multiple channels, it said.
加強鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)寄宿制學校建設，多渠道增加普惠性學前教育資源供給。

The document also noted that the country will beef up efforts on improving medical and health services in rural areas.
加強農村基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務。

As food security is a top priority, China will secure supplies of important agricultural products and maintain the stability of grain planting areas and output this year.
確保糧食安全始終是治國理政的頭等大事。保障重要農產(chǎn)品有效供給，糧食播種面積和產(chǎn)量要保持基本穩(wěn)定。

China will work to return hog production capacity to normal levels by the end of 2020, support the production of dairy and poultry products and guide the optimization of meat consumption structure, according to the document.
要采取綜合性措施，確保2020年年底前生豬產(chǎn)能基本恢復到接近正常年份水平。支持奶業(yè)、禽類等生產(chǎn)，引導優(yōu)化肉類消費結構。

The document called for the integrated industrial development in rural areas propelled by a whole industry chain based on local resources and advantages, along with industrial clusters with a competitive edge.
支持各地立足資源優(yōu)勢打造各具特色的農業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，形成有競爭力的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。

Agricultural structures should be optimized to feature more high-quality agricultural products and better certification of healthy food, organic produce and source of production, while e-commerce penetration in rural areas and oversight of food and produce should be enhanced.
繼續(xù)調整優(yōu)化農業(yè)結構，加強綠色食品、有機農產(chǎn)品、地理標志農產(chǎn)品認證和管理，擴大電子商務進農村覆蓋面，建立健全農產(chǎn)品和食品追溯體系。

It also urged the stable employment of migrant workers among efforts to protect their wages.
穩(wěn)定農民工就業(yè)。

Governance and the leadership of the Communist Party of China in rural communities should be strengthened, it said.
加強農村基層黨組織治理和領導能力。

The document also vowed more investments into rural work, encouraging the issuance of local government special bonds to boost rural vitalization as well as monetary, fiscal and policy support for rural work.
加大中央和地方財政“三農”投入力度，各地應有序擴大用于支持鄉(xiāng)村振興的專項債券發(fā)行規(guī)模，強化對“三農”信貸的貨幣、財稅、監(jiān)管政策正向激勵。

New agricultural entities such as qualified family farms are eligible to enjoy preferential credit and tax policies, it said.
符合條件的家庭農場等新型農業(yè)經(jīng)營主體可按規(guī)定享受現(xiàn)行小微企業(yè)相關貸款稅收減免政策。

The country will steadily expand pilot reforms of inclusive finance in rural areas and advance the listing of futures and options related to agricultural products.
穩(wěn)妥擴大農村普惠金融改革試點，繼續(xù)推進農產(chǎn)品期貨期權品種上市。

Land for the development of rural industries should be guaranteed, it said.
保障鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展用地。

The document also stressed efforts to encourage rural migrant workers, college graduates, veterans and entrepreneurs to start businesses in rural areas and support the application of more technological achievements in rural areas.
暢通各類人才下鄉(xiāng)渠道，支持大學生、退役軍人、企業(yè)家等到農村干事創(chuàng)業(yè)。強化科技支撐作用。

The country vowed to step up breakthroughs in key agricultural core technologies and develop heavy smart agricultural machinery. Meanwhile, the building of agricultural innovation platforms such as science and technology centers should be strengthened.
加強農業(yè)關鍵核心技術攻關，加快大中型、智能化、復合型農業(yè)機械研發(fā)和應用。加強農業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新中心建設。

The document also stressed key reforms in rural area. The country will improve the basic rural operation system, advance reform of the rural land system and make specific policies on extending the current round of rural land contracts for another 30 years upon expiration based on trials.
抓好農村重點改革任務。完善農村基本經(jīng)營制度，開展第二輪土地承包到期后再延長30年試點，在試點基礎上研究制定延包的具體辦法。

China will press ahead with pilot reforms of the rural collective property rights system nationwide, the document said.
全面推開農村集體產(chǎn)權制度改革試點。

The document urged the deepening of reform in agricultural administration to perfect the law enforcement system and improve law enforcement capabilities.
深化農業(yè)綜合行政執(zhí)法改革，完善執(zhí)法體系，提高執(zhí)法能力。

Policies should fit local conditions and farmers' wishes, the document noted, stressing that officials should avoid formalism and bureaucracy in policy implementation.
堅持從農村實際出發(fā)，因地制宜，尊重農民意愿，力戒形式主義、官僚主義。