21世紀(jì)以來(lái)第17個(gè)指導(dǎo)“三農(nóng)”工作的中央一號(hào)文件2月5日發(fā)布。

This year the document urged efforts on two main tasks -- winning the battle against poverty and strengthening areas of weakness concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, as the country strives to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects this year.
文件指出，2020年是全面建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)之年，有兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)任務(wù)要完成：打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，補(bǔ)上三農(nóng)”領(lǐng)域突出短板。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

中央一號(hào)文件（No. 1 central document）指中共中央每年發(fā)布的第一份文件（the first policy statement released by central authorities each year）。中共中央在2004年至2020年連續(xù)十七年發(fā)布以“三農(nóng)”（農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民）為主題的中央一號(hào)文件，強(qiáng)調(diào)了“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題（issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers）在中國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化時(shí)期“重中之重”的地位。

這份文件題為《中共中央 國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于抓好“三農(nóng)”領(lǐng)域重點(diǎn)工作確保如期實(shí)現(xiàn)全面小康的意見(jiàn)》，全文共5個(gè)部分，包括：堅(jiān)決打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)（win the battle against poverty）；對(duì)標(biāo)全面建成小康社會(huì)加快補(bǔ)上農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)短板（improve infrastructure and public services in rural areas）；保障重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給和促進(jìn)農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收（ensure supplies of important agricultural products, promote the increases in farmers' incomes）；加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基層治理（strengthen grassroots governance in rural areas）；強(qiáng)化農(nóng)村補(bǔ)短板保障措施（improve rural weak links）。

具體要點(diǎn)如下：

China has made decisive achievements in poverty relief and vowed to fully realize poverty elimination targets this year. In doing so, the country will increase support for areas in deep poverty by adding poverty alleviation funds, the document said.
脫貧攻堅(jiān)已經(jīng)取得決定性成就，現(xiàn)在到了攻城拔寨、全面收官的階段。各級(jí)財(cái)政要繼續(xù)增加專(zhuān)項(xiàng)扶貧資金，中央財(cái)政新增部分主要用于深度貧困地區(qū)。

Efforts should also be made to provide institutional guarantees to prevent people from returning to poverty after being lifted out of it in a bid to consolidate poverty relief results.
為鞏固脫貧成果提供制度保障，防止返貧。

The document noted that the country should keep the poverty alleviation policies on stable footing.
保持脫貧攻堅(jiān)政策總體穩(wěn)定。

China will see an immense change after it accomplishes its poverty elimination tasks, it said, urging that poverty reduction work should center more on addressing relative poverty and become normalized.
脫貧攻堅(jiān)任務(wù)完成后，我國(guó)貧困狀況將發(fā)生重大變化，扶貧工作重心轉(zhuǎn)向解決相對(duì)貧困，扶貧工作方式由集中作戰(zhàn)調(diào)整為常態(tài)推進(jìn)。

The country should establish long-term mechanisms and strengthen the "top-level design" to tackle relative poverty while accelerating its pace to introduce the guideline, connecting poverty alleviation efforts with rural vitalization strategies.
要研究建立解決相對(duì)貧困的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)解決相對(duì)貧困問(wèn)題頂層設(shè)計(jì)，抓緊研究制定脫貧攻堅(jiān)與實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略有機(jī)銜接的意見(jiàn)。

Areas of weakness in rural work such as infrastructure and public services should be improved, while efforts should be made to ensure safe drinking water and strengthen rural environmental protection, said the document.
加快補(bǔ)上農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)短板，提高農(nóng)村供水保障水平，扎實(shí)搞好農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治。

Rural education will be further improved by strengthening the building of boarding schools in townships and increasing supplies of inclusive preschool education resources through multiple channels, it said.
加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)寄宿制學(xué)校建設(shè)，多渠道增加普惠性學(xué)前教育資源供給。

The document also noted that the country will beef up efforts on improving medical and health services in rural areas.
加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。

As food security is a top priority, China will secure supplies of important agricultural products and maintain the stability of grain planting areas and output this year.
確保糧食安全始終是治國(guó)理政的頭等大事。保障重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給，糧食播種面積和產(chǎn)量要保持基本穩(wěn)定。

China will work to return hog production capacity to normal levels by the end of 2020, support the production of dairy and poultry products and guide the optimization of meat consumption structure, according to the document.
要采取綜合性措施，確保2020年年底前生豬產(chǎn)能基本恢復(fù)到接近正常年份水平。支持奶業(yè)、禽類(lèi)等生產(chǎn)，引導(dǎo)優(yōu)化肉類(lèi)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)。

The document called for the integrated industrial development in rural areas propelled by a whole industry chain based on local resources and advantages, along with industrial clusters with a competitive edge.
支持各地立足資源優(yōu)勢(shì)打造各具特色的農(nóng)業(yè)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，形成有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。

Agricultural structures should be optimized to feature more high-quality agricultural products and better certification of healthy food, organic produce and source of production, while e-commerce penetration in rural areas and oversight of food and produce should be enhanced.
繼續(xù)調(diào)整優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，加強(qiáng)綠色食品、有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、地理標(biāo)志農(nóng)產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證和管理，擴(kuò)大電子商務(wù)進(jìn)農(nóng)村覆蓋面，建立健全農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和食品追溯體系。

It also urged the stable employment of migrant workers among efforts to protect their wages.
穩(wěn)定農(nóng)民工就業(yè)。

Governance and the leadership of the Communist Party of China in rural communities should be strengthened, it said.
加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基層黨組織治理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。

The document also vowed more investments into rural work, encouraging the issuance of local government special bonds to boost rural vitalization as well as monetary, fiscal and policy support for rural work.
加大中央和地方財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”投入力度，各地應(yīng)有序擴(kuò)大用于支持鄉(xiāng)村振興的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)債券發(fā)行規(guī)模，強(qiáng)化對(duì)“三農(nóng)”信貸的貨幣、財(cái)稅、監(jiān)管政策正向激勵(lì)。

New agricultural entities such as qualified family farms are eligible to enjoy preferential credit and tax policies, it said.
符合條件的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)等新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體可按規(guī)定享受現(xiàn)行小微企業(yè)相關(guān)貸款稅收減免政策。

The country will steadily expand pilot reforms of inclusive finance in rural areas and advance the listing of futures and options related to agricultural products.
穩(wěn)妥擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村普惠金融改革試點(diǎn)，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨期權(quán)品種上市。

Land for the development of rural industries should be guaranteed, it said.
保障鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展用地。

The document also stressed efforts to encourage rural migrant workers, college graduates, veterans and entrepreneurs to start businesses in rural areas and support the application of more technological achievements in rural areas.
暢通各類(lèi)人才下鄉(xiāng)渠道，支持大學(xué)生、退役軍人、企業(yè)家等到農(nóng)村干事創(chuàng)業(yè)。強(qiáng)化科技支撐作用。

The country vowed to step up breakthroughs in key agricultural core technologies and develop heavy smart agricultural machinery. Meanwhile, the building of agricultural innovation platforms such as science and technology centers should be strengthened.
加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)，加快大中型、智能化、復(fù)合型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械研發(fā)和應(yīng)用。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新中心建設(shè)。

The document also stressed key reforms in rural area. The country will improve the basic rural operation system, advance reform of the rural land system and make specific policies on extending the current round of rural land contracts for another 30 years upon expiration based on trials.
抓好農(nóng)村重點(diǎn)改革任務(wù)。完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度，開(kāi)展第二輪土地承包到期后再延長(zhǎng)30年試點(diǎn)，在試點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上研究制定延包的具體辦法。

China will press ahead with pilot reforms of the rural collective property rights system nationwide, the document said.
全面推開(kāi)農(nóng)村集體產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革試點(diǎn)。

The document urged the deepening of reform in agricultural administration to perfect the law enforcement system and improve law enforcement capabilities.
深化農(nóng)業(yè)綜合行政執(zhí)法改革，完善執(zhí)法體系，提高執(zhí)法能力。

Policies should fit local conditions and farmers' wishes, the document noted, stressing that officials should avoid formalism and bureaucracy in policy implementation.
堅(jiān)持從農(nóng)村實(shí)際出發(fā)，因地制宜，尊重農(nóng)民意愿，力戒形式主義、官僚主義。

參考來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)

（編輯：Helen）