>Keeping secrets bad for you
研究:保密會(huì)降低幸福感

A new study has looked into the secret-keeping habits of thousands of people - as well as examining a grand total of 13,000 secrets between them.
一項(xiàng)新研究調(diào)查了數(shù)千人的保密習(xí)慣，并分析了這些人保有的總計(jì)1.3萬個(gè)秘密。

The research, led by professor of management at Columbia Business School Michael Slepian, looked at the secrets collected over the course of 10 previous studies to come up with 38 common categories, ranging from cheating on a test to hiding their sexuality to sleeping with another's spouse.
這項(xiàng)研究是由哥倫比亞商學(xué)院管理學(xué)教授邁克爾·斯萊皮恩帶頭開展的，分析了此前10項(xiàng)研究收集的秘密，然后將其分為考試作弊、隱瞞性取向、與人夫/人妻偷情等38種常見類型。

The researchers found that the average person was carrying 13 of the 38 secrets at any one time.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，普通人在任何時(shí)候都有38類秘密中的13種。

They also looked into the way keeping them affects behavior and health.
他們還研究保密對(duì)個(gè)人行為和健康的影響。

Keeping secrets can have detrimental consequences for a person's well-being.
保守秘密會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)人的幸福生活產(chǎn)生不利影響。

In particular, they examined how participants reported feeling inauthentic when they mused on the secrets that burdened them.
他們特別調(diào)查了研究參與者反饋的在沉思自己費(fèi)心保守的秘密時(shí)的不真實(shí)感。

The only way to keep yourself from feeling these negative thoughts, Slepian believes, is to just think about secrets less - given the study found that the secrets themselves didn't lower well-being, but rather the thought of them did.
斯萊皮恩認(rèn)為，讓自己不去感受這些消極想法的唯一方法就是盡量少想這些秘密。因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致幸福感降低的是人們對(duì)秘密的想法，而不是秘密本身。

>Alcohol alters a baby's face
孕婦飲酒影響嬰兒顏值

Just a couple of glasses of wine during pregnancy could alter your child's facial features, a new study claims.
一項(xiàng)新研究稱，懷孕期間只喝幾杯酒就會(huì)改變胎兒的面部特征。

It has long been seen that alcohol can infect a fetus, causing developmental delays in the brain.
長(zhǎng)期以來，人們一直認(rèn)為酒精會(huì)影響胎兒，導(dǎo)致大腦發(fā)育遲緩。

In the more severe cases, those delays can trigger facial defects.
在更為嚴(yán)重的情況下，發(fā)育遲緩會(huì)引發(fā)面部缺陷。

However, a new study published in JAMA Pediatrics has found that small quantities of alcohol could alter a child's face without necessarily causing cognitive issues.
然而，一項(xiàng)刊登在《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)小兒科期刊》上的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，少量飲酒不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子出現(xiàn)認(rèn)知方面的問題，但可能改變孩子的容貌。

Researchers analyzed photographs of 415 babies' faces to detect a series of subtle differences connected to alcohol consumption - such as a slighter shorter, upturned nose.
研究人員對(duì)415個(gè)嬰兒臉部的照片進(jìn)行分析，以查明鼻子微微變短、上翻等一系列與酒精攝入有關(guān)的細(xì)微差異。

However, they said they do not have any evidence to show these delays in facial development are harmful in any other way than aesthetic.
不過，他們表示除了審美方面的問題，沒有任何證據(jù)顯示這種面部發(fā)育遲緩存在任何危害。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warns that there is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant.
美國疾病預(yù)防控制中心警告稱，尚無已知的孕期和備孕期的安全飲酒量。

There is also no safe time during pregnancy to drink. All types of alcohol are equally harmful.
懷孕期間也沒有飲酒安全期。所有類型的酒都一樣有害。

>In-laws blamed for rows
英過半夫妻因父母吵架

More than half of married British people blame their in-laws for relationship rows and around one in five would divorce them if they could, a study has found.
一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過半數(shù)的英國已婚人士責(zé)怪伴侶的父母導(dǎo)致夫妻爭(zhēng)吵，約1/5的人表示，如果可能的話愿意與他們脫離關(guān)系。

The top reasons for tension include in-laws giving unwanted opinions, partners taking their parents' side, and disagreements over how to discipline grandchildren.
導(dǎo)致夫妻關(guān)系緊張的主要原因包括：伴侶的父母給出多余的建議、伴侶站在父母一邊以及對(duì)于如何管教孩子存在分歧。

Almost a third of those surveyed described their partners' parents as "interfering", with those who clashed with in-laws exchanging cross words on average once a month.
近1/3的受訪者稱伴侶的父母"多管閑事"，與伴侶的父母不和的人平均一個(gè)月要與對(duì)方爭(zhēng)執(zhí)一次。

2,000 married Britons took part in the study by law firm Slater and Gordon, which said issues with extended family are often cited as a reason for divorce.
2000名英國已婚人士參加了斯萊特和戈登律所的這項(xiàng)調(diào)查。該律所稱，人們經(jīng)常把與大家庭之間的矛盾列為離婚的原因之一。

Slater and Gordon said the rising cost of living means many adults borrow money from parents for large purchases, such as buying a house, and 19% of those surveyed believed in-laws expected more of a say in their lives in return.
該律所表示，生活成本的上升意味著很多成年人從父母那里借錢來添置大件，比如買房。19%的受訪者認(rèn)為，作為交換，伴侶的父母希望在他們的生活中擁有更大的話語權(quán)。

>Make-up gives better results
研究:考前化妝成績(jī)更好

Women have long known how that extra flick of eyeliner or dash of lipstick can boost their confidence. And now, it seems, it's also more likely to help them pass exams.
女性早就知道涂點(diǎn)眼線或唇膏可以增強(qiáng)信心。如今看來，這么做還可能幫助她們通過考試。

Research shows that women who put on make-up before taking a test achieved 10 to 20% higher marks than those who did not wear any.
研究顯示，考前化妝的女性比不化妝的女性的成績(jī)要高出10-20%。

Psychologists say the result could be down to the "lipstick effect", whereby using make-up boosts self-esteem and has a knock-on effect on memory, confidence and mental ability.
心理學(xué)家稱，該結(jié)果可歸因于"口紅效應(yīng)"，即通過化妝提升自尊心，對(duì)記憶力、自信心和心智能力產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)。

The study involved 200 female undergraduates, all studying the same subject with similar self-esteem, make-up habits and IQs.
200名女性本科生參與了這項(xiàng)研究，她們所有人不僅學(xué)習(xí)相同的科目，且自尊心、化妝習(xí)慣和智商也都類似。

The women were randomly split into three groups and asked to put on make-up, listen to music or draw.
這些女性被隨機(jī)分為三組，分別被要求化妝、聽音樂或畫畫。

All then took an exam based on a chapter of a textbook they had just read.
之后所有人就剛看過的一本教科書的某個(gè)章節(jié)參加總分30分的考試。

Results showed the women who used cosmetics scored an average of 24.2 out of 30, compared to 19.9 and 22 in the other groups.
結(jié)果顯示，化妝的女性平均分為24.2分，相較而言，另兩組的平均分為19.9分和22分。

The researchers, from Harvard Medical School and Chieti University in Italy, said: "Women may use make-up to increase self-esteem; this makes them feel better during stress. Positive emotions increase information accessible in memory."
來自哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院和意大利基耶蒂大學(xué)的研究人員稱："女性可能會(huì)利用化妝來增強(qiáng)自信心；這使她們緊張的情緒有所緩解。積極的情緒有助于調(diào)取記憶中的信息。"

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