2020年1月，一年一度的春運大幕開啟，中美簽署第一階段經(jīng)貿(mào)協(xié)議，習(xí)近平主席出訪緬甸，續(xù)寫千年胞波情誼的嶄新篇章，教育部推出“強(qiáng)基計劃”，長江流域分階段禁漁開始實施，武漢等城市出現(xiàn)新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎，美國取消對中國“匯率操縱國”的認(rèn)定，國務(wù)院發(fā)布新版限塑令。

只爭朝夕，不負(fù)韶華 seize the day and live it to the fullest

President Xi Jinping on Tuesday delivered a New Year speech in Beijing to ring in 2020, pledging to achieve the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the "milestone" year.
新年前夕，國家主席習(xí)近平發(fā)表了2020年新年賀詞。賀詞指出，2020年是具有里程碑意義的一年。我們將全面建成小康社會，實現(xiàn)第一個百年奮斗目標(biāo)。

【重要講話】
2020年也是脫貧攻堅決戰(zhàn)決勝之年。沖鋒號已經(jīng)吹響。我們要萬眾一心加油干，越是艱險越向前，把短板補得再扎實一些，把基礎(chǔ)打得再牢靠一些，堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)，如期實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽。
2020 will also be a year of decisive victory for the elimination of poverty. The bugle has sounded. United as one, we shall work harder. The greater the difficulties are, the further we advance, strengthening our weak links even more and laying a more solid foundation to win the hard battle against poverty with determination, to lift all impoverished rural residents and counties out of poverty by current standards as scheduled.
——2019年12月31日，習(xí)近平發(fā)表2020年新年賀詞

讓我們只爭朝夕，不負(fù)韶華，共同迎接2020年的到來。
Let's seize the day and live it to the fullest, and greet the arrival of the year 2020 together.
——2019年12月31日，習(xí)近平發(fā)表2020年新年賀詞

長江禁漁 fishing ban in the Yangtze River basin

Starting from this year, the fishing ban will be observed in 332 conservation areas in the Yangtze River basin, which will also be expanded to all natural waterways of the river and its major tributaries from no later than Jan 1, 2021.
2020年起，長江流域332個保護(hù)區(qū)全面禁止生產(chǎn)性捕撈；最遲自2021年1月1日零時起，禁漁范圍將擴(kuò)大至所有長江干流和重要支流天然水域。

【知識點】

在水文學(xué)上，支流（tributary）指匯入另一條河流（或其他水體）而不直接入海的河流。支流所匯入的河流稱為干流或主流（mainstream），兩河或多河交匯之處稱為合流或合流處（confluence）。與支流相反的情況稱為分流（distributary）。

長江干流（the Yangtze River mainstream）是指青海省曲麻萊縣以下至長江河口的長江干流江段；重要支流（major tributaries）是指岷江、沱江、赤水河、嘉陵江、烏江、漢江等重要通江河流在甘肅、陜西、云南、貴州、四川、重慶、湖北境內(nèi)的干流江段，大渡河在青海和四川境內(nèi)的干流河段，以及各省份確定的其他重要支流。

Fishing will also be prohibited on natural waterways of large lakes connected to the Yangtze such as the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake for 10 years starting from no later than Jan 1, 2021.
對鄱陽湖、洞庭湖等大型通江湖泊天然水域，最遲自2021年1月1日零時起實行暫定為期10年的常年禁捕。

禁捕是有效緩解長江生物資源衰退和生物多樣性下降危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵之舉。

The Yangtze River has long been suffering from human activities such as overfishing, pollution and damming.
長江長期以來受攔河筑壩、水域污染、過度捕撈等人類活動的影響。

Biological deterioration has reduced fishing activities along the Yangtze as well, which now only produces 0.32 percent of China's total freshwater aquatic products. In recent years, annual catch from the Yangtze has fallen to less than 100,000 tonnes from more than 420,000 tonnes in the 1950s.
生態(tài)破壞也使得漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)受到嚴(yán)重影響。20世紀(jì)50年代，年長江流域天然捕撈量超過42萬噸，近年來長江每年的捕撈量也不足10萬噸，約占全國淡水水產(chǎn)品總量的0.32%。

多方合力保障28萬漁民生計

The 10-year ban is estimated to affect more than 113,000 fishing boats and nearly 280,000 fishermen in 10 provincial regions along the river. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has promised to provide social security services, financial support and vocational trainings for fishermen who have to find new ways of living.
根據(jù)測算，長江流域重點水域禁捕共涉及沿江10個省市的合法持證漁船11.3萬多艘、漁民近28萬人。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部承諾統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)落實退捕漁民過渡期生活補助、社會保障、職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)等政策。

禁捕后仍要做大量工作以確保生態(tài)修復(fù)

Efforts will also be made to protect rare species and enhance monitoring over aquatic life in the Yangtze, and to improve protection and management strategies in accordance with biological resource restoration progress.
針對珍稀物種采取保護(hù)措施；構(gòu)建長江水生生物調(diào)查監(jiān)測平臺；根據(jù)漁業(yè)資源恢復(fù)情況，改進(jìn)保護(hù)管理政策。

校園貸 campus loans

College students who fall into debt as a result of using peer-to-peer lending platforms cannot be included in a list of dishonest debtors, China's top court said on Thursday.
最高法1月2日表示，在校大學(xué)生因為使用網(wǎng)貸平臺而欠債的不應(yīng)被列為失信被執(zhí)行人。

【知識點】

校園貸（campus loans）始于2014年，到2015年迎來爆發(fā)式增長，但因隨后爆發(fā)的“裸貸（loans secured against nude photos）、收費混亂（illegal charges）、暴力催收（forcible debt collection）”等負(fù)面事件備受輿論質(zhì)疑。2017年，銀監(jiān)會、教育部、人社部、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融委員會等發(fā)布通知，禁止違規(guī)機(jī)構(gòu)向大學(xué)生提供校園貸服務(wù)。

失信被執(zhí)行人（defaulter），是指被執(zhí)行人具有履行能力而不履行生效法律文書確定的義務(wù)，俗稱“老賴”。最高人民法院先后于2013年建立了網(wǎng)上的“老賴”黑名單系統(tǒng)（online blacklist of defaulters）。

The blacklist publishes personal details, including names and identity card numbers, of individuals and legal representatives of companies who refused to comply with court orders to shame them into compliance.
該黑名單對失信被執(zhí)行人（個人及公司法人）的姓名、身份證號等信息進(jìn)行公示，希望以此方式使他們執(zhí)行法院判決。

2014年底，最高法正式開通“總對總”網(wǎng)絡(luò)查控系統(tǒng)（information monitoring network），與銀行以及公安部、交通部、工商總局、人民銀行等單位實現(xiàn)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，可以查詢到被執(zhí)行人全國范圍內(nèi)的存款、車輛、證券、網(wǎng)絡(luò)資金等14類16項信息，并對被執(zhí)行人進(jìn)行消費限制。

此次最高法發(fā)布的意見明確，全日制在校生因“校園貸”糾紛成為被執(zhí)行人的，一般不得對其采取納入失信名單或限制消費措施。

北京京師律師事務(wù)所的律師許浩表示，

Some students are still shouldering an economic and credit burden in debt disputes, even though our country prohibited online platforms from lending money to students three years ago. Students, as the debtors, still need to repay the debts in line with court rulings and valid contracts.
雖然我們國家3年前就禁止網(wǎng)貸平臺提供校園貸了，但是部分學(xué)生依然承擔(dān)著債務(wù)糾紛導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)和信用負(fù)擔(dān)。學(xué)生作為債務(wù)人仍然需要按照法庭判決和有效合同償還債務(wù)。

Given that many students have little savings and the borrowing records will influence their future, such as in employment, further studies, or bank loans, the top court's decision on removing them from the dishonest list, I think, is timely, humane and necessary.
鑒于學(xué)生沒有什么儲蓄，而這種借款記錄可能會對他們未來的就業(yè)、深造以及銀行貸款申請產(chǎn)生影響，最高法決定不將學(xué)生列入失信名單的決定很及時，人性化，也很必要。

最高法還規(guī)定了幾類解除或暫時解除限制消費措施的情形。

The guideline permits courts to temporarily lift travel restrictions when defaulters have to take a train or fly home for medical treatment or when family members fall ill or die.
對被限制消費的個人，因其本人患病或近親屬患病或死亡等情形，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)暫時解除限制其乘坐飛機(jī)、高鐵措施。

地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值統(tǒng)一核算 unified regional calculation of gross domestic product

China will introduce unified regional calculation of gross domestic product (GDP) to enhance the accuracy of the results, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Sunday.
國家統(tǒng)計局1月5日表示，我國將實施地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值統(tǒng)一核算，以提升核算結(jié)果的精確性。

The new accounting system will take effect while calculating the annual regional GDP of 2019, said Ning Jizhe, head of the NBS.
國家統(tǒng)計局局長寧吉喆說，統(tǒng)一核算改革將從2019年年度地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值核算開始。

【知識點】

國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（Gross Domestic Product，簡稱GDP）是指在一定時期內(nèi)（一個季度或一年），一個國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)中所生產(chǎn)出的全部最終產(chǎn)品和勞務(wù)的價值（the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period），常被公認(rèn)為衡量國家經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的最佳指標(biāo)。

自1985年我國建立生產(chǎn)總值核算制度以來，一直采取分級核算制度（separate accounting system），即國家統(tǒng)計局核算國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（overall GDP calculation），各省區(qū)市統(tǒng)計局核算本地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值。

改革后，地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值將由各省區(qū)市統(tǒng)計局負(fù)責(zé)核算改革為國家統(tǒng)計局統(tǒng)一組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和實施（lead the unified accounting of regional GDP by conducting unified accounting procedures），各省區(qū)市統(tǒng)計局共同參與核算。改革后，各地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值數(shù)據(jù)將由國家統(tǒng)計局統(tǒng)一部署公布或授權(quán)各地區(qū)統(tǒng)計局公布本地區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)。

拖欠工資 wage arrears

國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)日前簽署國務(wù)院令，公布《保障農(nóng)民工工資支付條例》（以下簡稱《條例》），自2020年5月1日起施行。

To ensure that rural migrant workers get their wages on time and in full, the regulation has clauses on clarifying the responsibilities of employers and related government departments, detailing rules for special areas and strengthening supervision.
為了保障農(nóng)民工按時足額獲得工資，《條例》從明確用人單位以及相關(guān)政府部門的職責(zé)，細(xì)化重點領(lǐng)域治理措施，以及強(qiáng)化監(jiān)管手段等方面做出了明確規(guī)定。

【詞匯講解】

“拖欠工資”可以用名詞短語wage arrears表示，arrear讀作[?'r??]，表示“欠款”，比如，某人已經(jīng)欠了6個月的房租就可以說：someone is six weeks in arrear with his rent. 此外，“欠薪”還可以用動詞短語withhold salary或者delay salary來表示。發(fā)工資的時候，有些單位還會出現(xiàn)無理克扣工資（unreasonable deductions from paychecks）的現(xiàn)象，更不用說保證發(fā)放加班費（overtime pay）了。

“討薪”可以用demand unpaid salary來表示，如果討薪成功，單位“補發(fā)工資”就可以用pay backdated salary表示。這里的backdated就是表示某個政策或舉措從之前較早的時間開始計算。比如，6月份發(fā)出漲工資的決定，但是從1月開始算的，所以會從1月開始補發(fā)。這種情況就可以說：The increase in pay agreed in June will be backdated to January.

The regulation said wages for rural migrant workers should be paid with bank transfers or cash, not in other forms such as physical goods or securities.
《條例》明確以銀行轉(zhuǎn)賬或者現(xiàn)金形式支付農(nóng)民工工資，不得以實物或者有價證券等其他形式替代。

Government-funded projects must be given sufficient funding and should not be funded in advance by contractors, and government officials in regions with serious wage arrears will be punished.
《條例》規(guī)定政府投資項目所需資金必須落實到位，不得由施工單位墊資建設(shè)，對拖欠農(nóng)民工工資的地方部門負(fù)責(zé)人，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的給予處分。

The regulation also ordered government departments to beef up regulation, including setting up credit archives for employers and formulating a unified punishment system for those who default on migrant workers' wages.
《條例》要求政府部門強(qiáng)化監(jiān)管，建立用人單位勞動保障守法誠信檔案和拖欠農(nóng)民工工資失信聯(lián)合懲戒制度。

黨的先進(jìn)性和純潔性 the Party's advanced nature and purity

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, on Wednesday called for continued efforts to ensure that the whole Party remains true to its original aspiration and keeps its mission firmly in mind. Xi, also Chinese president and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks at a meeting summarizing a campaign themed "staying true to our founding mission."
“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育總結(jié)大會1月8日召開。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平出席會議并發(fā)表重要講話。習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)，要持續(xù)推動全黨不忘初心牢記使命。

"We must resolutely remove whatever weakens the Party's advanced nature and undermines the Party's purity, and rid ourselves of any tumor that erodes the Party's health," said Xi, adding that the Party should resolutely guard against all dangers of running counter to the original aspiration and the mission or shaking the foundation of the Party.
他強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅決清除一切弱化黨的先進(jìn)性、損害黨的純潔性的因素，堅決割除一切滋生在黨的肌體上的毒瘤，堅決防范一切違背初心和使命、動搖黨的根基的危險。

【重要講話】
要始終保持奮發(fā)有為的進(jìn)取精神，永葆黨的先進(jìn)性和純潔性，答好新時代的答卷。
The CPC members should always maintain the enterprising spirit, ensure the Party's purity and advanced nature, and pass the test of the new era.
——2019年9月12日，習(xí)近平視察中共中央北京香山革命紀(jì)念地時表示

全黨要更加自覺地堅定黨性原則，勇于直面問題，敢于刮骨療毒，消除一切損害黨的先進(jìn)性和純潔性的因素，清除一切侵蝕黨的健康肌體的病毒，不斷增強(qiáng)黨的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、思想引領(lǐng)力、群眾組織力、社會號召力，確保我們黨永葆旺盛生命力和強(qiáng)大戰(zhàn)斗力。
Every Party member must be more actively involved in enhancing Party consciousness, and demonstrate commitment to Party principles. We must have the courage to face problems squarely, be braced for the pain, act to remove whatever undermines the Party’s purity and advanced nature, and rid ourselves of any virus that erodes the Party’s health. We must keep on strengthening the Party’s ability to lead politically, to guide through theory, to organize the people, and to inspire society, thus ensuring that the Party’s great vitality and strong ability are forever maintained.
——2017年10月18日，習(xí)近平在中國共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國代表大會上的報告