2019年12月新聞熱詞匯總
中國日報網(wǎng) 2020-01-01 09:00
民法典草案 draft civil code
十三屆全國人大常委會第十五次會議12月23日在京舉行,備受關注的民法典草案首次整體亮相。
The draft civil code consists of general provisions and six sections on property, contracts, personality rights, marriage and family, inheritance, torts and supplementary provisions.
民法典草案共7編,依次為總則編、物權編、合同編、人格權編、婚姻家庭編、繼承編、侵權責任編,以及附則。
以下是此次民法典草案中備受關注的一些修改
合同編草案中有關借款合同的修改
The draft makes a clearer stipulation to ban "usury," stating that "the interest rates of loans shall not violate relevant national regulations."
草案明確規(guī)定,禁止高利放貸,借款的利率不得違反國家有關規(guī)定。
人格權編草案完善防止性騷擾有關規(guī)定
The draft stipulates that Party and government departments, enterprises, schools and other institutions shall adopt appropriate measures to prevent and stop sexual harassment behaviors that take advantage of power or posts.
草案規(guī)定,機關、企業(yè)、學校等單位應當采取合理措施,防止和制止利用職權、從屬關系等實施性騷擾。
人格權編草案中關于隱私的認定修改
The draft revised the definition of privacy as "peace of one's personal life and the private space, activity or information that a person does not want others to know".
草案將隱私的定義修改為“隱私是自然人的私人生活安寧和不愿為他人知曉的私密空間、私密活動、私密信息”。
2018年8月至今,十三屆全國人大常委會對民法典各分編草案進行了拆分審議,根據(jù)民法典編纂工作計劃,到2019年12月,將2017年3月出臺的民法總則同經(jīng)過常委會審議和修改完善的民法典各分編草案合并為一部完整的民法典,即《中華人民共和國民法典(草案)》。
5A級旅游景區(qū) 5A-level scenic areas
12月25日,文化和旅游部發(fā)布公示,擬新增北京圓明園等22家旅游景區(qū)為國家5A級旅游景區(qū),公示期為12月25日至12月31日。
Apart from the Old Summer Palace, tourist attractions in north China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region, east China's Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces will also be included in the list of 5A-level scenic areas.
除了圓明園以外,內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)、江蘇省以及江西省的一些景點也有望新增為5A級景區(qū)。
【知識點】
我國旅游景區(qū)質(zhì)量等級(quality rating of scenic areas)劃分為五級,從高到低依次為AAAAA、AAAA、AAA、AA、A級旅游景區(qū)。旅游景區(qū)質(zhì)量等級的標牌、證書由全國旅游景區(qū)質(zhì)量等級評定機構統(tǒng)一規(guī)定。
景區(qū)評定等級需要滿足的條件包括三個細則,細則一為服務質(zhì)量與環(huán)境質(zhì)量(quality of service and environment),共分為旅游交通(transport)、游覽(tour)、旅游安全(travel safety)、衛(wèi)生(sanitation)、郵電服務(postal service)、旅游購物(shopping)、綜合管理以及資源和環(huán)境的保護(resource and environment conservation)8個大項;細則二為景觀質(zhì)量,分為資源要素價值與景觀市場價值兩大評價項目;細則三為游客意見(tourists feedback),以游客對該旅游景區(qū)的綜合滿意度為依據(jù)。
據(jù)文化和旅游部資源開發(fā)司介紹,此次22家擬新確定的5A級景區(qū),是經(jīng)有關省區(qū)市文化和旅游行政部門推薦,文化和旅游部按程序組織綜合評定的。按照國家標準《旅游景區(qū)質(zhì)量等級的劃分與評定》和《旅游景區(qū)質(zhì)量等級管理辦法》,這22家旅游景區(qū)已達到國家5A級旅游景區(qū)標準要求(up to standard of 5A-level scenic areas)。
就業(yè)首選 desirable employer
近期,智聯(lián)招聘發(fā)布《2019中國年度最佳雇主評選報告》,呈現(xiàn)大學畢業(yè)生的預期收入、意向就業(yè)企業(yè)類型等調(diào)研結果。
報告顯示,國企和政府機關取代外企成為大學畢業(yè)生首選的意向就業(yè)單位類型。
The survey, which polled students from 22 universities across the country, stated that 26.4 percent of students prefer working for State-owned enterprises after graduation, while 24.8 percent prefer government agencies and public insititutions.
本次調(diào)查涉及全國22所高校,結果顯示,26.4%的學生畢業(yè)后更傾向于去國企工作,24.8%的學生傾向于政府機關及事業(yè)單位。
Meanwhile, students who listed multinational companies as their top choice fell to 22.6 percent from 27.9 percent last year.
與此同時,就業(yè)首選外企的學生比例從去年的27.9%下降為今年的22.6%。
In addition, the popularity of Chinese private companies among students has dropped from 23.1 percent to 21.2 percent, and those wanting to start their own business immediately after college fell from 4.5 percent to 3.4 percent.
此外,私企的就業(yè)意向也由去年的23.1%下降至今年的21.2%;畢業(yè)后立即創(chuàng)業(yè)的意向則由4.5%下降至3.4%。
報告指出,通過歷年對比發(fā)現(xiàn),尊重員工(respect for employees)已經(jīng)連續(xù)多年被大學生評價為理想雇主(desirable employer)需要具備的首要特征,而公平公正的用人原則(fairness and equal opportunity policy at workplace)也越來越受到大學生的重視。
大學生對于第一份工作預期收入呈現(xiàn)逐年攀高的趨勢。
According to the survey, students expect to earn an average of 6,884 yuan ($983) per month in their first job, up from last year's 6,530 yuan. Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen remain the top three cities of choice for fresh graduates.
調(diào)查顯示,2019年大學生第一份工作的預期月薪為6884元,去年為6530元。北京、上海、深圳依然是畢業(yè)生首選的就業(yè)城市。
進口暫定稅率 provisional import tax rates
To expand imports, stimulate import potential and optimize the structure of imports, China will implement provisional import tax rates that are lower than the most-favored-nation (MFN) tariff rates for over 850 commodities starting Jan 1, 2020.
為積極擴大進口,激發(fā)進口潛力,優(yōu)化進口結構,自2020年1月1日起,我國將對850余項商品實施低于最惠國稅率的進口暫定稅率。
【知識點】
為更好滿足人民生活需要,適度增加國內(nèi)相對緊缺或具有國外特色的日用消費品進口,新增或降低凍豬肉、冷凍鱷梨、非冷凍橙汁等商品進口暫定稅率;為降低用藥成本,促進新藥生產(chǎn),對用于治療哮喘的生物堿類藥品和生產(chǎn)新型糖尿病治療藥品的原料實施零關稅;為擴大先進技術、設備和零部件進口,支持高新技術產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,新增或降低半導體檢測分選編帶機、高壓渦輪間隙控制閥門、自動變速箱用液力變矩器和鋁閥芯、鈮鐵、多元件集成電路存儲器、大軸膠片原料、光刻膠用分散液、培養(yǎng)基等商品進口暫定稅率;為鼓勵國內(nèi)有需求的資源性產(chǎn)品進口,新增或降低部分木材和紙制品進口暫定稅率。
【重要講話】
中國將更加重視進口的作用,進一步降低關稅和制度性成本,培育一批進口貿(mào)易促進創(chuàng)新示范區(qū),擴大對各國高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品和服務的進口。
China will give greater importance to import. We will continue to lower tariffs and institutional transaction costs, develop demonstration zones to promote import trade by creative means, and import more high-quality goods and services from around the world.
——2019年11月5日,習近平在第二屆中國國際進口博覽會開幕式上的主旨演講
北京禮物 Beijing Gifts
經(jīng)過線下征集、線上投票及專家評審等多個環(huán)節(jié)綜合評價,12款2019年我最心儀的“北京禮物”于近日揭曉。
A total of 12 products were voted the most popular Beijing gifts on Dec 27. They include artwork, face masks, traditional Chinese vodka and cakes and pastries that all feature distinctive Beijing elements.
12月27日,12款我最心儀的“北京禮物”揭曉,其中包括藝術品、面膜、二鍋頭酒、糕點等具有北京特色的產(chǎn)品。
【知識點】
“北京禮物(Beijing Gifts)”品牌創(chuàng)建于2011年,是體現(xiàn)古都文化(culture of ancient capital)、紅色文化(red culture)、京味文化(Beijing culture)和創(chuàng)新文化(culture of innovation)內(nèi)涵,展示北京世界城市形象(image of a world-class city),代表精致工藝(refined craftsmanship)、優(yōu)良品質(zhì)(top quality)和豐富文化創(chuàng)意特色的北京旅游商品和文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品的標志性品牌。該品牌于2014年由北京市旅游行業(yè)協(xié)會進行商標注冊,2016年首次被寫入全市高精尖產(chǎn)品目錄。
More than 20 Beijing Gifts shops are up and running in the capital at the moment and offer traditional artworks, time-honored brand items and souvenirs.
目前,全市共有20多家“北京禮物”線下店面,經(jīng)營傳統(tǒng)藝術品、老字號產(chǎn)品和紀念品。
The event has received more than 1.58 million votes since the middle of October, and this year's event has helped boost relevant business sales by 91.5 million yuan ($13.07 million), up 20 percent year-on-year.
此次評選活動于今年10月中旬開始,總投票數(shù)158萬多張,評選活動共帶動“北京禮物”參評企業(yè)近9150萬元銷售額,企業(yè)銷售同比增長近20%。
2019年我最心儀的“北京禮物”獎名單
唐人坊·國粹娟人系列 (Peking Opera dolls)
吉兔坊·新北京兔兒爺系 (the Rabbit God)
東方藝珍·花絲如意系列(ruyi, an S-shaped ornamental object)
步瀛齋 · 京城花海系列女鞋(women cotton shoes)
華都· “國安一起贏”二鍋頭酒 (erguotou, traditional Chinese vodka)
御茶膳房·“北京的心意”皇城手作糕點(artisan pastry)
國家京劇院·京劇臉譜面膜(Peking Opera-style face mask)
天安門· “來自天安門的禮物”-國旗班兵偶系列(figurines of PLA soldiers guarding the national flag at the Tian'anmen Square)
東韻·北京人文系列絲巾(silk scarf)
陳彤云·北京中醫(yī)美好的祝福系列化妝品(TCM cosmetics)
唱吧·“唱響北京”藍牙麥克風(bluetooth microphone)
萬華鏡·繽紛京城萬花筒系列(kaleidoscope featuring Beijing elements)
首都功能核心區(qū) core area of the capital
12月30日,《首都功能核心區(qū)控制性詳細規(guī)劃(街區(qū)層面)(2018年—2035年)》(草案)公示啟動,聽取公眾意見,公示期為2019年的12月30日到2020年的1月28日。
The core area of the capital, including Dongcheng and Xicheng districts and covering an area of 92.5 square km, will be endowed with the functions of the country's political, cultural and international exchange center. The area will also serve as a key conservation area of historical and cultural heritage and a window to display the capital city of China.
首都功能核心區(qū),包括北京市的東城區(qū)和西城區(qū)兩個行政區(qū),總面積92.5平方公里,是全國政治中心、文化中心和國際交往中心的核心承載區(qū),是歷史文化名城保護的重點地區(qū),是展示國家首都形象的重要窗口地區(qū)。
草案提出,強化“兩軸、一城、一環(huán)”的城市空間結構,其中“兩軸”為中軸線(the Central Axis)及長安街(Chang'an Avenue),中軸線以文化功能為主,長安街以國家行政、文化、國際交往功能為主;“一城”為北京老城(old downtown area of Beijing);“一環(huán)”指沿二環(huán)路的文化景觀環(huán)線(scenic spots along the second Ring Road featuring diverse culture of Beijing)。
規(guī)劃要求落實“老城不能再拆了”的保護理念,最大限度留住歷史印記。
首都功能核心區(qū)十一類保護對象包括:
(1)世界文化遺產(chǎn)(world culture heritage);
(2)國家級、市級、區(qū)級三級文物保護單位(historical and cultural sites protected at the national, municipal and district level)和尚未核定為文物保護單位的不可移動文物(immovable cultural relics,又稱普查登記在冊文物);
(3)地下文物埋藏區(qū)(underground archaeological ruins);
(4)歷史建筑(historical buildings,含優(yōu)秀近現(xiàn)代建筑、名人舊居、掛牌保護院落、工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)等);
(5)歷史文化街區(qū)和特色地區(qū)(streets and areas featuring ancient culture);
(6)歷史街巷、傳統(tǒng)胡同及傳統(tǒng)地名(ancient alleys and place names);
(7)歷史河湖水系和水文化遺產(chǎn)(ancient water system and water culture heritage);
(8)城址遺存(ancient city ruins);
(9)歷史名園與古樹名木(ancient gardens and trees);
(10)革命史跡(revolutionary relics);
(11)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)(intangible culture heritage)。
適度提高公共管理與公共服務用地比重,提高居住品質(zhì),改善人居環(huán)境
The land area for urban public facilities will increase from the current 11.1 percent to 12.2 percent of the total. Public spaces, both indoor and outdoor, will be raised from 34.4 percent currently to 38.9 percent.
城市公共服務設施用地占規(guī)劃區(qū)域總面積的比重將由現(xiàn)狀11.1%提高到12.2%,公共空間面積占比將由現(xiàn)狀34.4%提高到38.9%。
規(guī)劃內(nèi)容落到183個街區(qū)
Under the plan, Beijing's Dongcheng and Xicheng districts will be divided into 183 blocks for optimal functionality to protect the environment and to better serve residents.
根據(jù)規(guī)劃草案,東城區(qū)和西城區(qū)將劃分183個街區(qū),以實現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護及提升公共服務等功能。
完善社區(qū)—街區(qū)—街道三級公共服務生活圈,提升宜居水平
One goal is for 85 percent of residents to use public transportation with an upgrade in facilities. Commute times will be reduced to an average 45 minutes during rush hour.
公共交通設施升級,居民公交出行比例達到85%;高峰期平均通勤時間縮短至45分鐘以內(nèi)。
Medical care and cultural facilities will be within 10 to 15 minutes' travel for all residents in the area.
區(qū)域內(nèi)基本實現(xiàn)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構和公共文化機構10-15分鐘可達。
(中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 馬文英)