2019年即將結(jié)束，這一年里有許多大事小情值得回憶，也有不少名人相繼辭世。他們當(dāng)中有政要、科學(xué)家、文學(xué)巨匠、建筑大師、時(shí)尚泰斗……他們的離去令世人不禁扼腕嘆息。本期我們就一起回顧下2019年故去的十位中外名人吧。

“糖丸爺爺”顧方舟

Gu Fangzhou, a virologist who dedicated his life to eradicating polio from China, passed away at age 92 on Jan 2. "Sugar pills", an oral polio vaccine, developed by Gu reduced incidence rate of the disease by nearly 100 times from 1949 to 1993, saving millions of children from crippling paralysis. "I spent my whole life doing one thing – developing an effective polio vaccine," Gu Fangzhou, once said while summarizing his life. Gu started polio research in 1957 and created the sugar pills attenuated oral vaccine in 1959. According to Gu's biography, in order to test the efficacy and side effects of the vaccine, he administered the vaccine to himself and started the first stage of the human trial. After extensive testing, he took another bold step to administer the oral vaccine to his one-month-old son. This inspired his colleagues to vaccinate their kids. "If we don't believe in what we produce, how can others believe in it?" said Gu while recalling the trial.
病毒學(xué)家顧方舟1月2日逝世，終年92歲。顧方舟畢生致力于根除國(guó)內(nèi)的脊髓灰質(zhì)炎 (小兒麻痹癥)。1949年至1993年，顧方舟研制的“糖丸”口服脊灰活疫苗將脊灰發(fā)病率降低近100倍，使上百萬兒童免于癱瘓。在概括自己的一生時(shí)顧方舟曾說：“我一輩子只做一件事——研制出了一種有效的脊灰疫苗”。1957年，顧方舟開始進(jìn)行脊灰研究，1959年制造出口服脊灰減毒活疫苗。根據(jù)顧方舟的傳記，為測(cè)試疫苗的功效和副作用，他給自己服下脊灰疫苗并開啟第一階段的人體試驗(yàn)。在進(jìn)行大量試驗(yàn)后，他又采取另一項(xiàng)大膽的行動(dòng)，給自己一個(gè)月大的兒子服下脊灰活疫苗。在他的感召下，顧方舟的同事們也紛紛給自己的孩子服用了疫苗。在回憶該試驗(yàn)時(shí)顧方舟說：“如果我們自己都不相信自己研制的疫苗，怎么能讓別人信呢？”

“中國(guó)氫彈之父”于敏

Yu Min, a nuclear physicist widely known as the father of China's hydrogen bomb, died on Jan 16 at the age of 93. Yu, together with 99 other Chinese people from different walks of life, won the honorary title of "reform pioneer" at a gathering held in Beijing on Dec 18 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up. In January 2015 Yu also won China's top science and technology accolade. Yu, a native of Tianjin, earned his bachelor's degree in physics from Peking University in 1949 and then conducted postgraduate research at the school's physics department. He also served as a teaching assistant. He entered the Modern Physics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and began to study atomic nuclear physics theory in 1951. To address the country's strategic needs, Yu began to conduct theoretical research on nuclear weapons in 1961. For the next 28 years, Yu and his work remained top national secrets.
1月16日，以"中國(guó)氫彈之父"而廣為人知的核物理學(xué)家于敏去世，享年93歲。去年12月18日在北京召開的慶祝改革開放40周年大會(huì)上，于敏和另外99位來自各行各業(yè)的同志被授予“改革先鋒”的稱號(hào)。2015年1月，于敏獲得中國(guó)最高科學(xué)技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)。于敏生于天津，1949年在北京大學(xué)獲得物理學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，之后在該校物理系進(jìn)行研究生科研工作，還曾擔(dān)任過助教。1951年，他進(jìn)入中國(guó)科學(xué)院現(xiàn)代物理研究所，開始研究原子核物理理論。為滿足國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略需求，1961年，于敏開始從事核武器理論研究工作。此后28年，于敏和他從事的事業(yè)都屬于國(guó)家最高機(jī)密。

中國(guó)當(dāng)代散文八大家之一 林清玄

Chinese author Lin Qingxuan died at the age of 65 on Jan 23. Lin, who once used pen names such as Qin Qing and Lin Li, was a celebrated writer, essayist, poet, and scholar, who won numerous prizes and enjoyed great popularity across the Straits. Lin showed his intellect and talent for writing at a very young age. He started his career by publishing articles in local newspapers and won first prize in the Tainan writing competition during his high school days. Lin spent his college years at Shih Hsin University, during which he published his first book, "Lian Hua Kai Luo." Hailed as one of the eight masters of contemporary prose in China, the essay master has published more than a hundred books during his career.
1月23日，我國(guó)作家林清玄逝世，享年65歲。林清玄是著名的作家、散文家、詩(shī)人和學(xué)者，曾獲獎(jiǎng)無數(shù)，在海峽兩岸均享有很高的知名度，曾用筆名有秦情、林漓等。林清玄很小的時(shí)候就展現(xiàn)出寫作方面的天賦才華。上高中時(shí)，林清玄便在當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w上發(fā)表文章，還在臺(tái)灣寫作比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)，由此開啟他的職業(yè)生涯。在世新大學(xué)讀書時(shí)，他出版了自己的第一本書《蓮花開落》。林清玄被譽(yù)為國(guó)內(nèi)當(dāng)代散文八大作家之一，他在自己的職業(yè)生涯中出版書籍逾百部。

時(shí)尚教父“老佛爺”卡爾·拉格斐

Karl Lagerfeld, the most prolific designer of the 20th and 21st centuries and a man whose career formed the prototype of the modern luxury fashion industry, died on Feb 19. He was 85. Creative director of Chanel since 1983 and Fendi since 1965, and founder of his own line, Lagerfeld was the definition of a fashion polyglot, able to speak the language of many different brands at the same time. In his 80s, when most of his peers were retiring to their yachts or country estates, he was designing an average of 14 new collections a year ranging from couture to the high street, and not counting collaborations and special projects. Lagerfeld never stopped creating. He was also a photographer, whose work was exhibited at the Pinacothèque de Paris; a publisher, having founded his own imprint for Steidl, Edition 7L. A self-identified "caricature," with his dark glasses, powdered ponytail, black jeans, fingerless gloves, starched collars, Chrome Hearts jewelry and obsessive Diet Coke consumption, he achieved such a level of global fame and controversy.
2月19日，20世紀(jì)和21世紀(jì)創(chuàng)作成就最為卓著、在職業(yè)生涯中塑造了現(xiàn)代奢侈時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)原型的設(shè)計(jì)師卡爾·拉格斐辭世，享年85歲。拉格斐從1983年起擔(dān)任香奈兒的創(chuàng)意總監(jiān)，從1965年起擔(dān)任芬迪的創(chuàng)意總監(jiān)，還創(chuàng)立了自己的品牌，他一直是時(shí)尚多語者的代名詞，可以同時(shí)用好幾個(gè)不同品牌的語言表達(dá)時(shí)尚。80歲時(shí)，他的同齡人大都已經(jīng)退休，在游艇上或鄉(xiāng)間別墅里打發(fā)時(shí)間，他卻依舊平均每年設(shè)計(jì)高級(jí)定制時(shí)裝、高街產(chǎn)品等14個(gè)新系列，這還不算那些合作和特別的項(xiàng)目。拉格斐從未停止創(chuàng)作。他同時(shí)還是攝影師，作品曾在巴黎美術(shù)館展出；他也是出版人，在Steidl出版社創(chuàng)辦了Edition 7L品牌。墨鏡、撲粉的馬尾辮、黑色牛仔褲、露指手套、硬挺的衣領(lǐng)、克羅心珠寶和強(qiáng)迫癥般不停喝著健怡可樂，這就是他自己也認(rèn)同的“漫畫形象”，他享有極高的國(guó)際聲譽(yù)，同時(shí)也備受爭(zhēng)議。

籃壇巨星 約翰·哈夫利切克

John Havlicek, the eight-time NBA champion and Basketball Hall of Famer, died on April 25. He was 79. Havlicek's death was confirmed in a statement by the Boston Celtics, the team he played with for 16 seasons. The Boston Celtics great whose steal of Hal Greer's inbounds pass in the final seconds of the 1965 Eastern Conference final against the Philadelphia 76ers remains one of the most famous plays in NBA history. Havlicek remains the Celtics' highest scoring member with 26,395 points across his career. He was also a 13-time NBA All-Star, and upon his retirement in 1978, the Celtics immediately retired his number 17 jersey with him. While the NBA legend had been suffering from Parkinson's disease, the statement did not confirm his exact cause of death.
4月25日，8次NBA總冠軍得主、籃球名人堂成員約翰·哈夫利切克去世，享年79歲。哈夫利切克曾效力16個(gè)賽季的波士頓凱爾特人隊(duì)在一份聲明中證實(shí)了哈夫利切克的死訊。1965年在該隊(duì)與費(fèi)城76人隊(duì)進(jìn)行東部決賽結(jié)束前的最后幾秒鐘里，這位波士頓凱爾特人隊(duì)巨星截?cái)嗔斯枴じ袢馉柕慕鐑?nèi)傳球，至今這一球仍是NBA史上最著名的截球之一。哈夫利切克也是凱爾特人隊(duì)得分最多的球員，他在整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中總共得分26395分。他曾13次入選NBA全明星陣容。1978年退役時(shí)，他的17號(hào)球衣也與之一起退役。雖然這位NBA傳奇球員一直患有帕金森氏癥，但聲明中并未證實(shí)其確切死因。

建筑大師 貝聿銘

I.M. Pei, the world-famous Chinese-American architect, died in a New York hospital on May 16 at the age of 102. In April of this year, Pei just celebrated his 102nd birthday. Pei was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, on April 26, 1917. In 1935, he went to the US to study at the University of Pennsylvania, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University. He obtained a bachelor's degree in architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a master's degree in architecture from Harvard University. In 1983, he won the Pritzker prize, known as the Nobel Prize for architects. The glass pyramid of the Louvre in Paris, France is the most famous masterpiece of I.M. Pei. His architectural works in China include the Suzhou Museum, Beijing Xiangshan Hotel, Hong Kong Bank of China Tower and Beijing Bank of China Head Office. The Chinese embassy in the US also came from the hand of Pei.
享譽(yù)全球的美籍華裔建筑大師貝聿銘5月16日在紐約一家醫(yī)院與世長(zhǎng)辭，享年102歲。今年4月，貝聿銘才剛過完102歲生日。貝聿銘1917年4月26日生于廣東省廣州市。貝聿銘1935年赴美求學(xué)，先后就讀于賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院和哈佛大學(xué)，取得了麻省理工學(xué)院建筑學(xué)士學(xué)位和哈佛大學(xué)建筑碩士學(xué)位。1983年貝聿銘獲得普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)，該獎(jiǎng)被譽(yù)為“建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”。法國(guó)巴黎盧浮宮的玻璃金字塔是貝聿銘最著名的代表作。他在國(guó)內(nèi)的建筑作品包括蘇州博物館、北京香山飯店、香港中銀大廈、北京中國(guó)銀行總行等。中國(guó)駐美國(guó)大使館也出自貝聿銘之手。