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2019年11月新聞熱詞匯總

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2019-12-01 10:00

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全國(guó)人口普查 national census

China plans to conduct its seventh national census in 2020, the State Council announced Friday. The census, to begin on Nov 1, 2020, will survey the amount, structure and distribution of the population, as well as rural and urban housing situation, according to a notice issued by the State Council.
國(guó)務(wù)院11月8日發(fā)布通知,我國(guó)將于2020年開(kāi)展第七次全國(guó)人口普查。普查將于2020年11月1日開(kāi)始,全面查清我國(guó)人口數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)、分布、城鄉(xiāng)住房等方面情況。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

全國(guó)人口普查(national census)是指在國(guó)家統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)(within a defined period),按照統(tǒng)一的方法、統(tǒng)一的項(xiàng)目、統(tǒng)一的調(diào)查表和統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)點(diǎn)(using the same method, categories and survey forms at a set time),對(duì)全國(guó)人口普遍地、逐戶逐人地進(jìn)行的一次性調(diào)查登記。

普查對(duì)象是普查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)點(diǎn)在中華人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)的自然人(the natural persons living within the territory of the People's Republic of China on the standard time point of census)以及在中華人民共和國(guó)境外但未定居的中國(guó)公民(the Chinese citizens who are outside the territory of the People's Republic of China but have not become permanent residents of the other country),不包括在中華人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)短期停留的境外人員(foreigners who are making a short-term stay within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be excluded)。

普查的內(nèi)容包括姓名(name)、公民身份號(hào)碼(ID number)、性別(gender)、年齡(age)、民族(ethnicity)、受教育程度(education background)、行業(yè)(industry)、職業(yè)(profession)、遷移流動(dòng)(migration)、婚姻生育(marriage and childbearing status)、死亡(death)、住房情況(housing situation)等。


【小百科】

除了全國(guó)人口普查以外,還有全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)普查和全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)普查。

全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)普查(national economic census)是國(guó)家為全面詳細(xì)了解我國(guó)二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)(secondary and tertiary industries)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r而統(tǒng)一組織的一項(xiàng)重大國(guó)情國(guó)力調(diào)查,是國(guó)家為摸清“家底”、掌握國(guó)情國(guó)力而采取的有效方法。全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)普查每5年進(jìn)行一次。除第一次全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)普查國(guó)務(wù)院確定在2004年實(shí)施外,以后均在逢3、逢8的年份實(shí)施。

全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)普查(national agricultural census)是按照國(guó)家規(guī)定的統(tǒng)一方法、統(tǒng)一時(shí)間、統(tǒng)一表式和統(tǒng)一內(nèi)容,主要采取普查人員直接到戶、到單位訪問(wèn)登記的辦法,全面收集農(nóng)村(rural areas)、農(nóng)業(yè)(agriculture)和農(nóng)民(farmers)有關(guān)情況,為研究制定農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃(rural social and economic development plan)和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)政策(policies on building of new countryside)提供依據(jù),為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者和社會(huì)公眾提供統(tǒng)計(jì)信息服務(wù)。農(nóng)業(yè)普查在中國(guó)每十年進(jìn)行一次。我國(guó)已經(jīng)成功進(jìn)行過(guò)三次全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)普查,分別在1997年、2007年和2017年。


通知明確,要建立健全普查數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量追溯和問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制(a data quality-tracking and accountability mechanism),各級(jí)人民政府統(tǒng)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)要加大對(duì)普查工作中違紀(jì)違法行為的查處和通報(bào)曝光力度(toughen the punishment of illegal acts during the census),堅(jiān)決杜絕人為干擾普查工作的現(xiàn)象,確保普查工作順利進(jìn)行和普查數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確。要全流程加強(qiáng)對(duì)公民個(gè)人信息的保護(hù),各級(jí)普查機(jī)構(gòu)及其工作人員必須嚴(yán)格履行保密義務(wù),嚴(yán)禁向任何機(jī)構(gòu)、單位、個(gè)人泄露或出售公民個(gè)人信息(no one is allowed to leak or sell personal information to any institution, unit or individual)。


圈養(yǎng)大熊貓 captive pandas

A total of 60 captive panda cubs were born, 57 of which survived this year, leading to a captive panda population of 600 worldwide, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration said Tuesday.
國(guó)家林草局11月12日表示,2019年共繁殖大熊貓60只,存活57只,全球圈養(yǎng)大熊貓數(shù)量達(dá)到600只。

【單詞講解】

我們知道這里的cub指的是熊貓“幼崽”,其實(shí),這個(gè)詞可以用來(lái)指代好幾種動(dòng)物的“幼崽”,比如:leopard(豹)、lion(獅子)、tiger(虎)等。此外,還有一些常見(jiàn)動(dòng)物的“幼崽”表達(dá)方式,我們也來(lái)了解一下:
sheep(綿羊)--lamb
pig(豬)--piglet/ porkling / gilt
horse(馬)--foal / colt / filly
goat(山羊)--kid
goose(鵝)--gosling
duck(鴨)--duckling
dog(狗)--puppy
cat(貓)--kitten


The rising number of captive pandas showed that a healthy, dynamic and sustainable captive panda population has basically taken shape, according to the administration, adding research on wild giant pandas is also making progress.
國(guó)家林草局指出,圈養(yǎng)大熊貓種群數(shù)量再創(chuàng)新高,健康、有活力、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的圈養(yǎng)種群已基本形成。以此為基礎(chǔ),大熊貓野化放歸研究工作也正穩(wěn)步開(kāi)展。

There are fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the wild, mostly in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi.
目前,野外生存的大熊貓不到2000只,大部分生活在四川和陜西省。


馬首銅像 bronze horse-head statue

A red bronze horse-head statue was donated back by Macao-based tycoon and collector Stanley Ho Hung-sun and handed over to the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing on Wednesday.
11月13日,澳門(mén)商人及收藏家何鴻燊捐贈(zèng)馬首銅像,使其“返鄉(xiāng)”,馬首將劃歸北京圓明園管理處收藏。

 

圓明園獸首銅像原為圓明園海晏堂外噴泉的一部分。這十二尊生肖獸首銅像(the bronze statues in the form of 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs)鑄造于乾隆年間,由當(dāng)時(shí)的宮廷西洋畫(huà)師意大利人郎世寧主持設(shè)計(jì),宮廷匠師制作。獸首銅像鑄造完成后,呈“八”字形分列在噴水池兩旁的人身石臺(tái)上,每個(gè)動(dòng)物就是一個(gè)噴泉機(jī)關(guān)(fountain switch)。

These animal-head taps took turns to spray water during different hours within a day, at noon, a salvo would happen.
每天,十二生肖獸首銅像依次噴水,分別代表全日不同時(shí)分。正午時(shí)分,十二獸首會(huì)同時(shí)噴水。

The invading Anglo-French Alliance Forces rampaged through the Old Summer Palace and set it on fire in 1860. Numerous national treasures, including the 12 animal-head statues, were taken abroad in the havoc.
1860年英法聯(lián)軍侵入北京,圓明園慘遭劫掠焚毀,很多國(guó)寶級(jí)文物及12生肖獸首銅像一同流失海外。


返鄉(xiāng)之路

2007年8月,國(guó)家文物局獲悉圓明園馬首銅像即將在香港蘇富比拍賣(mài)有限公司拍賣(mài),并第一時(shí)間表達(dá)了終止公開(kāi)拍賣(mài)的堅(jiān)定立場(chǎng)和促成文物回歸的良好意愿,香港蘇富比公司對(duì)此給予積極配合。

Ho spent HK$ 69.1 million ($8.8 million) to buy the statue in September 2007, and publicly exhibited it in Hong Kong and Macao promoting patriotism and people's consciousness protecting cultural relics.
2007年9月,何鴻燊以6910萬(wàn)港元拍下馬首銅像,并在港澳地區(qū)公開(kāi)展出,希望借此帶動(dòng)更多人參與保護(hù)中國(guó)文物的工作,共同宣揚(yáng)愛(ài)國(guó)愛(ài)民族意識(shí)。

Ho decided to donate it back to the mainland on 20th anniversary of Macao's return to China, after he contacted the National Cultural Heritage Administration, which said the statue will be given back to the Yuanmingyuan administration.
為慶祝澳門(mén)回歸20周年,何鴻燊聯(lián)系國(guó)家文物局,決定將馬首銅像捐贈(zèng)給國(guó)家,國(guó)家文物局表示,將馬首銅像劃撥北京市圓明園管理處收藏。


高空拋物 high-rise littering

Acts of deliberately throwing objects from a high altitude will be treated as a crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means, intentional injury or intentional homicide depending on specific situations, according to a new guideline issued by the Supreme People's Court.
最高法發(fā)布的意見(jiàn)明確,對(duì)于故意高空拋物的,根據(jù)具體情形按照以危險(xiǎn)方法危害公共安全罪、故意傷害罪或故意殺人罪論處。

 

意見(jiàn)規(guī)定,

故意從高空拋棄物品,尚未造成嚴(yán)重后果,但足以危害公共安全的(intentional high-rise littering activities that have not caused serious consequences but are sufficient to endanger public safety),依照刑法第一百一十四條規(guī)定的以危險(xiǎn)方法危害公共安全罪定罪處罰;

致人重傷、死亡或者使公私財(cái)產(chǎn)遭受重大損失的(those who inflict serious injury or death on people or cause heavy losses of public or private property),依照刑法第一百一十五條第一款的規(guī)定處罰。

為傷害、殺害特定人員實(shí)施上述行為的(anyone who commits the acts with the purpose of injuring or killing a specific person),依照故意傷害罪、故意殺人罪定罪處罰。


意見(jiàn)明確提出,依法從重懲治高空拋物犯罪。具有下列情形之一的,應(yīng)當(dāng)從重處罰,一般不得適用緩刑:

多次實(shí)施的(repeatedly committing the acts);

經(jīng)勸阻仍繼續(xù)實(shí)施的(continuing to carry out such acts after being dissuaded from doing so);

受過(guò)刑事處罰或者行政處罰后又實(shí)施的(committing the acts after receiving criminal or administrative punishment);

在人員密集場(chǎng)所實(shí)施的(conducting the acts in crowded places);

其他情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的情形。


意見(jiàn)規(guī)定,過(guò)失導(dǎo)致物品從高空墜落,致人死亡、重傷(anyone who causes objects to fall from high altitudes due to negligence, resulting in serious injury or death),符合刑法第二百三十三條、第二百三十五條規(guī)定的,依照過(guò)失致人死亡罪(manslaughter)、過(guò)失致人重傷罪(severe injury due to negligence)定罪處罰。在生產(chǎn)、作業(yè)中違反有關(guān)安全管理規(guī)定,從高空墜落物品,發(fā)生重大傷亡事故或者造成其他嚴(yán)重后果的,依照刑法第一百三十四條第一款的規(guī)定,以重大責(zé)任事故罪(crime of major accident liability)定罪處罰。

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