塑料書皮 plastic book cover

近日，教育部辦公廳等四部門印發(fā)“關(guān)于在中小學(xué)落實(shí)生態(tài)文明思想、增強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境意識(shí)”的通知。

According to the regulation, the Ministry of Education has asked all primary and middle schools, as well as all administrative departments under its jurisdiction, to ensure that students will not be required to protect their books with plastic covers, in an effort to achieve what the ministry is calling a “zero plastic back-to-school season.”
通知要求，中小學(xué)校和各級(jí)教育行政部門不得強(qiáng)制學(xué)生使用塑料書皮，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)“無(wú)塑開學(xué)季”。

通知稱，使用塑料容易造成白色污染，有些不合格的塑料書皮含有甲醛（formaldehyde）和苯（benzene），對(duì)于兒童的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和體格發(fā)育有影響（cause harm to children's nervous systems and physical development）。

各級(jí)教育行政部門和中小學(xué)校要在相關(guān)學(xué)科教學(xué)、課內(nèi)課外活動(dòng)以及學(xué)校管理各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中充分體現(xiàn)勤儉節(jié)約（practice frugality）、綠色低碳消費(fèi)（green and low-carbon consumption），使學(xué)生切實(shí)增強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境意識(shí)（increase their awareness of ecological conservation）、提高生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)能力。

It said market regulators should double efforts to identify substandard plastic products sold on campus and punish the producers.
通知要求，市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管部門要對(duì)銷售進(jìn)入校園的不合格塑料產(chǎn)品加大查處力度。

地鐵新規(guī) new rules for subway riders

日前，交通運(yùn)輸部印發(fā)《城市軌道交通客運(yùn)組織與服務(wù)管理辦法》，明確了地鐵客運(yùn)服務(wù)、乘客行為規(guī)范等方面的具體要求。

The Ministry of Transport introduced a new regulation last week that bars passengers nationwide, with exceptions for infants and people with certain medical conditions, from eating or drinking in subway cars.
交通運(yùn)輸部上周發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)新規(guī)，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)禁止乘客在地鐵車廂內(nèi)進(jìn)食，嬰兒及病人除外。

The policy is scheduled to take effect on April 1 along with a raft of new conduct rules that will forbid subway riders from playing music or videos on speakers, lying down or stepping on seats, the ministry said.
交通運(yùn)輸部表示，該辦法將于2020年4月1日起施行，明確了一系列新的行為規(guī)范，比如：禁止在地鐵車廂內(nèi)聽音樂(lè)或看視頻時(shí)外放聲音、躺臥或踩踏座席等。

除了上述規(guī)定外，辦法還明確了以下乘客行為規(guī)范：不得騎行平衡車、電動(dòng)車（不包括殘疾人助力車）、自行車（riding scooter, electricmobile or bicycle），使用滑板、溜冰鞋（using skateboard or roller skates）；不得隨地吐痰（spitting）、便溺（relieving oneself）、亂吐口香糖（spitting chewing gum），亂扔果皮、紙屑等廢棄物（littering）等。

辦法同時(shí)明確，乘客不得在地鐵內(nèi)推銷產(chǎn)品或從事營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)（marketing activities），乞討（begging）、賣藝（busking）及歌舞表演（singing and dancing），大聲喧嘩、吵鬧（talking loudly or shouting）等。

China's rail transit system has developed rapidly in recent years, with 35 cities in 24 provinces having built subways as of the end of 2018. The combined length of subway lines reached 5,295 kilometers last year, with the number of subway trips standing at about 21.28 billion in 2018.
近年來(lái)，我國(guó)城市軌道交通快速發(fā)展。截至2018年底，我國(guó)內(nèi)地共有24個(gè)省份的35個(gè)城市開通運(yùn)營(yíng)軌道交通，運(yùn)營(yíng)里程5295公里，2018年城市軌道交通客運(yùn)量約212.8億人次。

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)應(yīng)用 application of blockchain technology

中共中央政治局10月24日下午就區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行第十八次集體學(xué)習(xí)。中共中央總書記習(xí)近平在主持學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的集成應(yīng)用在新的技術(shù)革新和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革中起著重要作用，要加快推動(dòng)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has underscored the important role of blockchain technology in the new round of technological innovation and industrial transformation, urging more efforts to quicken development in the sector. Xi made the remarks Thursday while presiding over a group study session of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau on the development and trend of blockchain technology.

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

工信部指導(dǎo)發(fā)布的《中國(guó)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)和應(yīng)用發(fā)展白皮書2016》對(duì)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的解釋是：廣義來(lái)講，區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)是利用塊鏈?zhǔn)綌?shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)驗(yàn)證與存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)、利用分布式節(jié)點(diǎn)共識(shí)算法來(lái)生成和更新數(shù)據(jù)、利用密碼學(xué)的方式保證數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和訪問(wèn)的安全、利用由自動(dòng)化腳本代碼組成的智能合約來(lái)編程和操作數(shù)據(jù)的一種全新的分布式基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)與計(jì)算范式。
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，區(qū)塊鏈就是一種去中心化的分布式賬本數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。去中心化，即與傳統(tǒng)中心化的方式不同，這里是沒(méi)有中心，或者說(shuō)人人都是中心；分布式賬本數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，意味著記載方式不只是將賬本數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，而且每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)會(huì)同步共享復(fù)制整個(gè)賬本的數(shù)據(jù)。
區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)支撐的交易模式下，買家和賣家可直接交易，無(wú)需通過(guò)任何中介平臺(tái)。買賣雙方交易后，系統(tǒng)通過(guò)廣播的形式發(fā)布交易信息，所有收到信息的主機(jī)在確認(rèn)信息無(wú)誤后記錄下這筆交易，相當(dāng)于所有的主機(jī)都為這次交易做了數(shù)據(jù)備份。這種數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)具有透明、可追蹤、不可篡改、數(shù)據(jù)安全等特點(diǎn)。

【重要講話】

要推動(dòng)協(xié)同攻關(guān)，加快推進(jìn)核心技術(shù)突破，為區(qū)塊鏈應(yīng)用發(fā)展提供安全可控的技術(shù)支撐。要加強(qiáng)區(qū)塊鏈標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究，提升國(guó)際話語(yǔ)權(quán)和規(guī)則制定權(quán)。
Coordinated key-task tackling should be advanced and breakthroughs in key technologies should be accelerated to provide safe and controllable technological support for blockchain development and its application. Research on the standardization of blockchain should be stepped up to increase China's influence and rule-making power in the global arena.
——2019年10月24日，習(xí)近平在中央政治局第十八次集體學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)

第二屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì) the second China International Import Expo (CIIE)

President Xi Jinping will deliver a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the second China International Import Expo (CIIE) on November 5 in Shanghai, Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Bingnan announced Tuesday.
商務(wù)部副部長(zhǎng)王炳南表示，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平將于11月5日出席在上海舉辦的第二屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)開幕式并發(fā)表主旨演講。

王炳南指出，在各有關(guān)方面的共同努力下，目前第二屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)國(guó)家展（country exhibitions）、企業(yè)展（business exhibitions）和第二屆虹橋國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇（the second Hongqiao International Economic Forum）各項(xiàng)籌備工作已基本就緒。

國(guó)家展

Covering a total area of 30,000 square meters, the country exhibitions will host 64 countries (including China) and three international organizations, with uniquely designed pavilions to showcase the countries' development achievements, business environment and special industries.
國(guó)家展總展覽面積3萬(wàn)平方米，集中展示各國(guó)發(fā)展成就、營(yíng)商環(huán)境和特色產(chǎn)業(yè)。各國(guó)家館的形象設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)具本國(guó)特色，共有64個(gè)國(guó)家（含中國(guó)）、3個(gè)國(guó)際組織參展。

The 15 guest countries of honor are Cambodia, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, India, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Zambia.
15個(gè)主賓國(guó)（按英文字母排序）分別是柬埔寨、捷克、法國(guó)、希臘、印度、意大利、牙買加、約旦、哈薩克斯坦、馬來(lái)西亞、秘魯、俄羅斯、泰國(guó)、烏茲別克斯坦和贊比亞。

企業(yè)展

Covering 330,000 square meters, the business exhibitions have attracted more than 3,000 companies from over 150 countries and regions.
企業(yè)展總展覽面積33萬(wàn)平方米，來(lái)自150多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的3000多家企業(yè)簽約參展。

第二屆虹橋國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇

The second Hongqiao International Economic Forum, under the theme of "Opening-up and Innovation for Win-win Cooperation," will include five parallel sessions and is expected to attract over 4,000 delegates.
第二屆虹橋國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇主題為“開放創(chuàng)新、合作共贏”，包括5場(chǎng)分論壇，預(yù)計(jì)將有4000多名代表參會(huì)。

The scale of the second CIIE is larger than the first one, with the total exhibition area rising to 360,000 square meters from 300,000 square meters last year.
第二屆進(jìn)博會(huì)的規(guī)模比第一屆更大。首屆展覽總面積30萬(wàn)平方米，今年達(dá)到36萬(wàn)平方米。

Although the area for business exhibitions has been expanded twice, there are still companies failing to get a place.
其中企業(yè)展的面積兩次擴(kuò)大，仍然“一展難求”。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)，是迄今為止世界上第一個(gè)以進(jìn)口為主題的國(guó)家級(jí)展會(huì)，是國(guó)際貿(mào)易發(fā)展史上一大創(chuàng)舉。舉辦中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)，是中國(guó)著眼于推動(dòng)新一輪高水平對(duì)外開放作出的重大決策，是中國(guó)主動(dòng)向世界開放市場(chǎng)的重大舉措。這體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)支持多邊貿(mào)易體制、推動(dòng)發(fā)展自由貿(mào)易的一貫立場(chǎng)，是中國(guó)推動(dòng)建設(shè)開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、支持經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的實(shí)際行動(dòng)。
The CIIE is the world’s first import expo held at the national level, an innovation in the history of global trade. It is an important decision made by China to pursue a new round of high-level opening-up, and is China’s major initiative to still widen market access to the rest of the world. It demonstrates China’s consistent position of supporting the multilateral trading system and promoting free trade. It is a concrete action by China to advance an open world economy and support economic globalization.

學(xué)生減負(fù) cut workloads for kids

10月28日，浙江省教育廳發(fā)布《浙江省中小學(xué)生減負(fù)工作實(shí)施方案（征求意見稿）》，面向社會(huì)公眾公開征求意見。

Fourteen departments in Zhe-jiang recently introduced the guideline which contains 33 detailed measures aimed at schools, after-school training institutions, parents and education authorities to help reduce students' academic burden.
該方案由浙江14個(gè)部門聯(lián)合起草，針對(duì)學(xué)校、課外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)、家長(zhǎng)及教育管理部門列出33項(xiàng)具體舉措，幫助學(xué)生減負(fù)。

The guideline allows primary school students to leave their homework unfinished after 9 pm, and middle school students at 10 pm, with parents' approval.
方案明確，在家長(zhǎng)同意的情況下，小學(xué)生晚9點(diǎn)、初中生晚10點(diǎn)后可以不做作業(yè)。

While no parents want to see their children yawning while overwhelmed with homework, many worry that if schools reduce homework assignments, make tests easier and downgrade the importance of scores, it is the parents who must provide their children with more extracurricular learning to help them stand out from their peers. This is because the all-important national college entrance examination, or gaokao, is not going away anytime soon.
雖說(shuō)沒(méi)有家長(zhǎng)愿意看到自己的孩子熬夜趕作業(yè)，但是很多家長(zhǎng)也擔(dān)心，如果學(xué)校減少作業(yè)，降低考試難度以及分?jǐn)?shù)的重要性，家長(zhǎng)就得通過(guò)課外補(bǔ)習(xí)來(lái)幫助孩子在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中脫穎而出。因?yàn)樽钪匾母呖荚诙唐趦?nèi)是不可能取消的。

5G商用 commercialization of 5G services

China officially kicked off commercialization of 5G services on Thursday, with the nation's big three telecom operators rolling out their 5G data plans.
10月31日，我國(guó)正式啟動(dòng)5G商用，三大電信運(yùn)營(yíng)商推出各自的5G套餐。

By the end of this year, more than 130,000 5G base stations will enter into service to support the network, marking one of the world's largest 5G deployments.
到今年年底，將有13萬(wàn)個(gè)5G基站投入運(yùn)營(yíng)對(duì)5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供支持，成為世界上最大規(guī)模的5G設(shè)備部署。

中國(guó)移動(dòng)、中國(guó)電信、中國(guó)聯(lián)通正式發(fā)布各自的5G套餐，5G基礎(chǔ)套餐最低從128元起，最高至599元，套餐中包含移動(dòng)流量從30GB到300GB不等。

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）