2019年9月新聞熱詞匯總
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2019-09-30 10:17
9月,換臉軟件引發(fā)熱議,《體育強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)綱要》發(fā)布,最高法發(fā)布作弊刑事案件司法解釋,修訂后的《中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨問(wèn)責(zé)條例》發(fā)布,教育部等八部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布意見規(guī)范教育app的使用,9月10日起陸續(xù)發(fā)行中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年紀(jì)念幣一套,蘋果公司在美國(guó)總部Apple Park的喬布斯劇院舉行新品發(fā)布會(huì),2022年冬奧會(huì)和冬殘奧會(huì)吉祥物發(fā)布,“螞蟻森林”獲得聯(lián)合國(guó)最高環(huán)保榮譽(yù)“2019地球衛(wèi)士獎(jiǎng)”,慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年閱兵活動(dòng)相關(guān)安排公布,中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家勛章和國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)頒授儀式于9月29日上午10時(shí)在人民大會(huì)堂隆重舉行。
換臉軟件 face-swapping app
一款名為ZAO的換臉軟件在社交媒體刷屏。用戶上傳自己的照片,就能將影視作品中明星的臉換成自己的臉,過(guò)一把“明星癮”。
On the app, users can choose from a pool of video footage and replace a star's face with their own by uploading their own high-definition photos featuring a full-frontal shot of their faces.
在該應(yīng)用中,用戶可以從大量視頻片段中選擇一個(gè),上傳自己的高清正面照來(lái)替換視頻中明星的臉。
The mobile application that enables users to appear as celebrities in hit movies or TV series has been widely accused of excessively collecting personal information, stirring public concerns over privacy and the rights to one's image.
這款影視劇明星換臉軟件因過(guò)度收集個(gè)人信息而受到廣泛指責(zé),同時(shí)也引發(fā)公眾對(duì)于隱私及個(gè)人肖像權(quán)的擔(dān)憂。
有網(wǎng)友發(fā)現(xiàn),這款app的用戶協(xié)議中有一些相當(dāng)霸道的條款:
The agreement said "before you upload or post any content, you agree to grant ZAO, its affiliates and ZAO users worldwide the right to sublicense and reauthorize and the right to irrevocably use your content for free and for good."
該用戶協(xié)議提到“在您上傳及/或發(fā)布用戶內(nèi)容之前,您同意或者確保實(shí)際權(quán)利人同意授予‘ZAO’及其關(guān)聯(lián)公司以及‘ZAO’用戶全球范圍內(nèi)完全免費(fèi)、不可撤銷、永久、可轉(zhuǎn)授權(quán)和可再許可的權(quán)力”。
有網(wǎng)友擔(dān)心,同意這樣的授權(quán)以后,個(gè)人信息會(huì)被不法分子利用。
"The clauses require the users to fully authorize the image right to the platform … You can't control what they are going to do with your portrait," a Weibo user named Tone2 said.
微博網(wǎng)友Tone2說(shuō):“這個(gè)條款要求用戶完全把自己的肖像權(quán)授予該平臺(tái)。他們?cè)趺从媚愕男は?,你根本無(wú)法控制?!?/p>
"When you grant authorization to ZAO, all the rights of your face are no longer yours," another user named stoneyzombie commented.
另一位用戶stonezombie說(shuō):“你授權(quán)給ZAO以后,跟你的臉有關(guān)的所有權(quán)利就都不是你的了?!?/p>
As users need to log in with a personal phone number, some fear that once the phone number and facial images are disclosed, "criminals can directly talk to your family by using some technical synthesis," an unidentified Weibo user said.
用戶使用該應(yīng)用時(shí)需要用手機(jī)號(hào)登錄,有些用戶擔(dān)心一旦手機(jī)號(hào)和面部圖像信息泄露,一位微博網(wǎng)友表示,“不法分子可以直接用技術(shù)合成手段跟你的家人通話了?!?/p>
ZAO刷屏后,鑒于很多網(wǎng)友擔(dān)心人臉支付被破解。支付寶也及時(shí)做出回應(yīng):
There are many face-swapping applications and none have been able to pass the security check on Alipay no matter how lifelike the synthesized portraits look.
目前,網(wǎng)上各類換臉軟件有很多,但不管換的有多逼真,都是無(wú)法突破刷臉支付的。
8月31日下午,ZAO修改了其用戶協(xié)議內(nèi)容。在用戶協(xié)議的開頭部分增加了“特別提示”,疑似回應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)爭(zhēng)議。
The app modified its user agreement, adding a special notice in the front that states content will not be used for other purposes and can be removed from the server.
該應(yīng)用修改了用戶協(xié)議,在開頭部分增加了“特別提示”,表明用戶上傳的內(nèi)容不會(huì)被用于其他用戶,并可以從服務(wù)器上刪除。
9月1日,變臉應(yīng)用“ZAO”微信分享鏈接已停止訪問(wèn),頁(yè)面顯示“網(wǎng)頁(yè)存在安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn),被多人投訴,為維護(hù)綠色上網(wǎng)環(huán)境,已停止訪問(wèn)”。
微博賬號(hào)“ZAO官方助手”也在9月1日下午發(fā)微博回應(yīng)用戶對(duì)隱私泄露的擔(dān)憂:
We fully understand your concerns about privacy issues. We have received the questions you have raised and will correct the parts that were not well-considered. It will take some time.
我們十分理解大家對(duì)隱私問(wèn)題的擔(dān)憂。你們提的問(wèn)題都已收到,考慮不周的地方我們會(huì)去改,需要一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
體育強(qiáng)國(guó) leading sports nation
The new plan, named "Outline for Building a Leading Sports Nation", targets wider public engagement in sports, better competitive sports performances, a stronger sports industry, a more vibrant sports culture, and enhanced sports exchanges.
《體育強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)綱要》旨在推進(jìn)全民健身,提升競(jìng)技體育綜合實(shí)力,加快發(fā)展體育產(chǎn)業(yè),促進(jìn)體育文化繁榮發(fā)展,加強(qiáng)體育交流。
《綱要》提出的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)包括:
People who frequently participate in physical exercises should account for over 45 percent of the population by 2035; China should become a modern leading sports socialist country by 2050, and its people’s physical fitness, general health levels and global influence in sports should be in the front ranks of the world.
到2035年,經(jīng)常參加體育鍛煉人數(shù)比例達(dá)到45%以上;到2050年,全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化體育強(qiáng)國(guó),人民身體素養(yǎng)和健康水平、體育綜合實(shí)力和國(guó)際影響力居于世界前列。
《綱要》針對(duì)體育強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)提出了五個(gè)方面戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。
一是落實(shí)全民健身國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略(advance the national fitness campaign),助力健康中國(guó)建設(shè)。
People’s health should be put at the core of the campaign, with national fitness plans to be formulated and implemented and scientific fitness knowledge and methods to be disseminated.
堅(jiān)持以人民健康為中心,制定并實(shí)施全民健身計(jì)劃,普及科學(xué)健身知識(shí)和健身方法。
二是提升競(jìng)技體育綜合實(shí)力(improve performance in competitive sports events),增強(qiáng)為國(guó)爭(zhēng)光能力。
Preparations were encouraged for the coming Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games, the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
做好2020年?yáng)|京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、殘奧會(huì)和2022年北京冬奧會(huì)、冬殘奧會(huì)備戰(zhàn)參賽工作。
三是加快發(fā)展體育產(chǎn)業(yè)(facilitate the growth of sports industry),培育經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型新動(dòng)能。
The development, design and manufacturing of sports goods will be supported, and their supply capacity will be improved as well, the circular read, adding more mass sports activities should be organized and sports games should be held during holidays to stimulate people’s consumption.
支持體育用品研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)制造,顯著提升體育用品供給能力。豐富節(jié)假日體育賽事供給,激發(fā)大眾體育消費(fèi)需求。
四是促進(jìn)體育文化繁榮發(fā)展(cultivate a vibrant sports culture),弘揚(yáng)中華體育精神。
五是加強(qiáng)對(duì)外和對(duì)港澳臺(tái)體育交流(enhance sports exchanges with other countries, Hong Kong and Macao SARs and Taiwan),服務(wù)大國(guó)特色外交和“一國(guó)兩制”事業(yè)。
作弊刑事案件司法解釋 judicial interpretation about crimes of exam cheating
People who organize exam cheating or offer high-tech equipment to test takers in order to cheat will face heavier penalties in accordance with a newly released judicial interpretation.
根據(jù)最新發(fā)布的司法解釋,組織考試作弊或者為他人實(shí)施作弊提供高科技作弊器材的,將面臨更加嚴(yán)重的處罰。
【單詞講解】
Cheat這個(gè)詞在英語(yǔ)里很常用,可以作為動(dòng)詞和名詞使用,有“欺騙、騙子、出軌”等意思,不同的搭配會(huì)表達(dá)不同的意思,我們?cè)谑褂玫臅r(shí)候要非常注意。比如,cheat on someone表達(dá)的是“背著(配偶、性伴侶)亂搞;對(duì)(配偶、性伴侶)不忠”的意思,也就是我們常說(shuō)的“出軌”,如果你想說(shuō)“她騙了我”可以直接用she cheated me或者she fooled me來(lái)表示,而千萬(wàn)不能說(shuō)she cheated on me。另外,我們也可以直接說(shuō)someone is a cheat,來(lái)表示“某人是個(gè)騙子”。
為嚴(yán)厲懲治考試作弊犯罪,2015年11月1日起施行的《刑法修正案(九)》明確組織作弊(organize cheating)、提供作弊器材(provide equipment or help for cheating)、非法出售或提供試題答案(illegally sell exam questions and answers)、代考替考(take tests for somebody else)等4類行為最高可判處七年有期徒刑(a sentence of up to seven years imprisonment)。根據(jù)刑法第二百八十四條之一的規(guī)定,組織考試作弊罪,非法出售、提供試題、答案罪和代替考試罪的適用范圍是“法律規(guī)定的國(guó)家考試”。
此次發(fā)布的司法解釋明確了“法律規(guī)定的國(guó)家考試”范圍,是指全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)及其常務(wù)委員會(huì)制定的法律所規(guī)定的考試。
具體而言,根據(jù)有關(guān)法律規(guī)定,下列考試屬于“法律規(guī)定的國(guó)家考試(national-level exams stipulated by law)”:
(1)普通高等學(xué)校招生考試(the national college entrance exam)、研究生招生考試(the postgraduate entrance exam)、高等教育自學(xué)考試(exam for self-taught students)、成人高等學(xué)校招生考試(entrance exam for continuing education)等國(guó)家教育考試;
(2)中央和地方公務(wù)員錄用考試(the national and local civil servant exams);
(3)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一法律職業(yè)資格考試、國(guó)家教師資格考試、注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試、會(huì)計(jì)專業(yè)技術(shù)資格考試、資產(chǎn)評(píng)估師資格考試、醫(yī)師資格考試、執(zhí)業(yè)藥師職業(yè)資格考試、注冊(cè)建筑師考試、建造師執(zhí)業(yè)資格考試等專業(yè)技術(shù)資格考試(national exams to obtain professional qualifications like those for teachers, lawyers, accountants, physicians, pharmacists, and architects);
(4)其他依照法律由中央或者地方主管部門以及行業(yè)組織的國(guó)家考試。
刑法規(guī)定,在法律規(guī)定的國(guó)家考試中,組織作弊或者為他人實(shí)施組織作弊犯罪提供作弊器材或其他幫助的,即構(gòu)成組織考試作弊罪,處三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役(detention or less than three years in prison),并處或者單處罰金;情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的(for serious cases),處三年以上七年以下有期徒刑(three to seven years in prison),并處罰金。
新的司法解釋對(duì)組織考試作弊罪“情節(jié)嚴(yán)重”的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作了明確規(guī)定。這九種情形分別是:
在普通高等學(xué)校招生考試、研究生招生考試、公務(wù)員錄用考試中組織考試作弊的(organize cheating in national college entrance exam, postgraduate entrance exam and public servant exam);
導(dǎo)致考試推遲、取消或者啟用備用試題的(cause delay or cancellation of the exam);
考試工作人員組織考試作弊的(the offender works for the authorities organizing and overseeing the exam);
組織考生跨省、自治區(qū)、直轄市作弊的(organize cheating in other provinces,autonomous regions or municipalities);
多次組織考試作弊的(repeatedly organize cheating in exams);
組織30人次以上作弊的(organize 30 or more people to cheat in an exam);
提供作弊器材50件以上的(provide more than 50 cheating devices);
違法所得30萬(wàn)元以上的(obtain an illegal gain of at least 300,000 yuan);
其他情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的情形。
司法解釋第三條對(duì)“作弊器材”的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也作了明確,規(guī)定:
“具有避開或者突破考場(chǎng)防范作弊的安全管理措施,獲取、記錄、傳遞、接收、存儲(chǔ)考試試題、答案等功能的程序、工具(applications or devices that can evade security checks and help gain, record, convey, receive or store questions and answers of the exams),以及專門設(shè)計(jì)用于作弊的程序、工具,應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定為刑法第二百八十四條之一第二款規(guī)定的‘作弊器材’?!?/p>