>Women suffer more neck pain
女性低頭族頸椎更受傷?

A new study finds that women suffer more neck pain than men because of the way they look at their smartphones.
一項新研究指出：由于看智能手機的姿勢不同，女性比男性更容易頸椎痛。

Researchers found men tend to bend their neck where their head meets their spine, while women look down towards their chest and stick their head out further.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性往往會在頭部與脊柱相交的地方彎曲頸部，而女性頸部彎曲更甚，甚至能低到胸前。

Dr Claire Terhune, senior author of the study from the department of anthropology at the University of Arkansas, said: "Our advice to people in general would probably be to try to avoid spending hours looking down at a tablet or a mobile phone. But the advice to women would be to be aware of their posture and try to put themselves in a better position if they are using a device."
研究報告的高級作者、阿肯色大學人類學系的克萊爾·特休恩博士說："我們給所有人的建議是，盡量避免長時間低頭看平板電腦或手機。我們給女性的建議是，使用電子設備時要留意自己的姿勢，盡量調(diào)整到更舒服的位置。"

>Practice doesn't always help
熟能生巧定律或不成立

With blatant disregard for the public benefits of motivational idioms, researchers have concluded that practice does not, necessarily, make perfect. A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as, if not more than, better players, leaving other factors such as quality of tuition, learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.
近日，一些研究人員公然無視熟能生巧的普世道理，得出結論說：熟不一定能生巧。一項對小提琴演奏者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果不考慮教學質(zhì)量、學習技巧和天分等因素的差異，水平過得去的演奏者和杰出的演奏者練習的時間一樣多，甚至可能更多。

The work is the latest blow to the 10,000-hour rule, which means that enough practice will make an expert of anyone.
這一研究結果是對"一萬小時定律"的最新挑戰(zhàn)。該定律的意思是只要練習得足夠多，任何人都可以成為專家。

Brooke Macnamara, a psychologist at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, believes practice is less of a driver.
美國俄亥俄州克利夫蘭凱斯西儲大學的心理學家布魯克·麥克納馬拉認為，練習的作用并沒有那么大。

"Once you get to the highly skilled groups, practice stops accounting for the difference. Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to that super-elite level," she said. "The factors depend on the skill being learned: in chess it could be intelligence or working memory, in sport it may be how efficiently a person uses oxygen. To complicate matters further, one factor can drive another. A child who enjoys playing the violin, for example, may be happy to practise and be focused on the task because they do not see it as a chore."
她說："一旦你達到了較高的水平，練習帶來的差別就消失了。每個人都進行了大量練習，能否達到精英水平就開始取決于其他因素了。這些因素依據(jù)學習的技能不同而發(fā)生改變：如果學的是國際象棋，決定因素可能是智力或工作記憶；如果學的是運動，決定因素可能是一個人利用氧氣的效率。還有更復雜的情況是，有時候一個因素還會作用于另一個因素。舉例而言，一個喜歡拉小提琴的孩子可能比較愿意練習，注意力也比較集中，因為他們不把練琴看成苦差。"

>Extroverts are happier
內(nèi)向者'假裝'外向更快樂

If you are an introvert, force yourself to be an extrovert. You'll be happier. 
如果你是性格內(nèi)向的人，強迫自己當個外向的人，你會更快樂。

That's the suggestion of the first-ever study asking people to act like extroverts for a prolonged period.
上述建議來自一項前所未有的研究，該研究要求人們在較長時間內(nèi)像外向者那樣行事。

For one week, the 123 participants were asked to push the boundaries of their willingness to engage, by acting as extroverts.
研究人員要求123名參與者在一周內(nèi)，超越自我意愿參加活動，像外向者那樣為人處世。

For another week, the same group was asked to act like introverts.
另一周里，研究人員要求這群人像內(nèi)向者那樣行事。

UC Riverside researcher Sonja Lyubomirsky wanted to extend the faux extroversion to see if it would result in better well-being.
加利福尼亞大學里弗賽德分校的研究員柳博米爾斯基希望延長這種虛假的外向性，從而觀察這么做能否帶來更多幸福感。

The participants were told to go forth, and to be as talkative, assertive, and spontaneous as they could stand.
研究人員要求參與者在可接受的范圍內(nèi)盡可能表現(xiàn)得健談、堅定自信和積極主動。

Later, the same group was told to be deliberate, quiet, and reserved.
之后研究人員又讓這組人從容謹慎、安靜高冷。

Three times a week, participants were reminded of the behavioral change via emails.
研究人員通過郵件對參與者進行一周三次的行為改變提醒。

According to all measures of well-being, participants reported greater well-being after the extroversion week, and decreases in well-being after the introversion week.
所有的幸福感指標顯示，參與者在經(jīng)過外向行為周后表示獲得的幸福感更多，而在經(jīng)過內(nèi)向行為周后獲得的幸福感減少。

Interestingly, faux extroverts reported no discomfort or ill effects.
有趣的是，假裝外向的人未表示不舒服或出現(xiàn)不良反應。

>Students made to wear boxes
墨西哥為防作弊出大招
學生被迫頭戴紙箱考試

A Mexican teacher has come under fire for making high-school students wear cardboard boxes on their heads to block their peripheral vision and prevent them from copying on an exam.
近日，一名墨西哥老師讓高中生們頭戴紙箱考試，目的是阻擋他們的周邊視線、防止作弊。他的這一舉動受到了抨擊。

Luis Juarez Texis, the director of Campus 01 "El Sabinal" at the College of Bachelors, in the Mexican state of Tlaxcala, has been accused of humiliating and breaking the basic human rights of his students, after a photo of him overseeing an exam where the students wore cardboard boxes on their heads went viral online.
路易斯·華雷斯·泰克西斯是墨西哥特拉斯卡拉州學士學院第一校區(qū)"薩比納爾"的主任。一張?zhí)┛宋魉贡O(jiān)考時學生們頭戴紙板箱的照片在網(wǎng)上瘋傳后，他被指責羞辱學生并侵犯了學生的基本人權。

The students' parents issued a public statement asking educational authorities in Mexico to dismiss Texis.
這些學生的父母發(fā)表了一份公開聲明，要求墨西哥的教育部門解雇泰克西斯。

The photo of the students wearing cardboard boxes with cut-out eye holes that only allowed them to see in front without turning their heads was shared thousands of times since last week and was eventually picked up by mainstream media as well.
在這張照片中，學生們?nèi)碱^戴著一個大紙箱，只在前方留了兩個觀察孔讓其閱讀試卷，而令他們無法扭頭張望。這張照片自上周以來已經(jīng)被分享了數(shù)千次，并且最終吸引了主流媒體的報道。

However, instead of condemning the teacher, most internet users congratulated him for finding an effective way to prevent cheating.
然而，大多數(shù)網(wǎng)友不但沒有譴責這位老師，反而祝賀他找到了防止作弊的有效方法。

"Excellent work, teacher, this does not harm them and in fact parents should worry more about their children studying than about some boxes that teach them a great lesson," one person commented.
一位網(wǎng)友評論道："老師好樣的，此舉不會對他們造成傷害，事實上，父母應該更多地擔心自己孩子的學習，而不是操心這些讓孩子們長了教訓的紙盒子。"

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