2019年7月新聞熱詞匯總
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2019-08-01 09:40
堵城 the most congested cities
China's southwestern municipality of Chongqing, home to more than 3 million registered cars, had the worst traffic congestion among 50 major cities in the second quarter this year, a recent traffic analysis report says.
該交通分析報(bào)告指出,在50個(gè)主要城市中,今年第2季度交通擁堵程度最嚴(yán)重的城市為西南地區(qū)的重慶,該市的機(jī)動(dòng)車登記保有量超過300萬。
With average rush-hour vehicular speeds as low as 24.95 kilometers per hour-almost as slow as riding a bicycle-people in the city need to spend nearly twice as long getting to their destinations during rush hour than when traffic is flowing freely, according to the report.
報(bào)告指出,重慶市交通高峰期的機(jī)動(dòng)車運(yùn)行平均速度為24.95公里/小時(shí),幾乎相當(dāng)于騎自行車的速度,居民在高峰期出行時(shí)到達(dá)目的地所用的時(shí)間為非擁堵時(shí)段的近兩倍。
【單詞講解】
我們都知道早晚交通出行的高峰時(shí)段在英語里一般用rush hour或者peak hour表示,與其相對(duì)的“非高峰時(shí)段”就可以用non-rush hour或者off-peak hour表示?!敖煌〒矶隆倍嘤胻raffic jam或者traffic congestion表示,jam比congestion的用法要多一些,因?yàn)閖am還可以指我們平常吃的“果醬”。另外,最近幾年倫敦等大城市開始實(shí)行的“擁堵費(fèi)”可以用congestion charge來表示。
該報(bào)告針對(duì)我國(guó)城市地面公共出行(ground traffic)、城市道路交通(road traffic)、高速公路(expressway)運(yùn)行三個(gè)方面,通過不同的評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù),進(jìn)行了一次全面的掃描和診斷。
報(bào)告顯示,2019年第二季度中國(guó)10大擁堵城市(top 10 most congested cities)分別為重慶市、哈爾濱市、北京市、長(zhǎng)春市、呼和浩特市、大連市、濟(jì)南市、沈陽市、蘭州市、西寧市。
報(bào)告首次發(fā)布“綠色出行意愿指數(shù)(green travel willingness index)”,選取全國(guó)50個(gè)城市,依據(jù)高德地圖公交&地鐵(bus and subway)、騎行(cycling)、步行(walking)路線規(guī)劃總次數(shù)占比,歸一化處理后得出各城市的“綠色出行意愿指數(shù)”。指數(shù)越高表明城市綠色出行需求強(qiáng)度越大,反之綠色出行需求強(qiáng)度越小。
其中,排名第一的是南京,其公交&地鐵、騎行、步行出行意愿指數(shù)均高于50城市均值,尤其是騎行出行意愿指數(shù)相比其他兩項(xiàng)表現(xiàn)較好。蘭州、西安、上海、北京、武漢、廈門、長(zhǎng)沙、杭州、南昌依次排名前十。
第二學(xué)士學(xué)位 the Second Bachelor’s Degree
Chinese universities and colleges will stop enrolling college graduates for a second bachelor's degree from July, according to a guideline issued by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council.
國(guó)務(wù)院學(xué)位委員會(huì)發(fā)布的管理辦法規(guī)定,從本月起,我國(guó)高校不再招收第二學(xué)士學(xué)位生。
【名詞解釋】
第二學(xué)士學(xué)位(the Second Bachelor’s Degree):學(xué)位等級(jí)的名稱。第二學(xué)士學(xué)位的授予標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是:已修完一個(gè)學(xué)科門類中某專業(yè)的本科課程,準(zhǔn)予畢業(yè)并獲得該學(xué)科門類的學(xué)士學(xué)位,再攻讀另一個(gè)學(xué)科門類中的某本科專業(yè)(根據(jù)國(guó)家需要,也允許選擇同一學(xué)科門類中的另一本科專業(yè)),完成教學(xué)計(jì)劃規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)要求,成績(jī)合格,準(zhǔn)予畢業(yè)者,可授予第二學(xué)士學(xué)位。第二學(xué)士學(xué)位的修業(yè)年限,一般為二年。(來源:中國(guó)學(xué)位與研究生教育信息網(wǎng))
雙學(xué)位(double degree program)指的是在高等教育階段,同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè)學(xué)科專業(yè)的學(xué)位課程(working for two university degrees in parallel),達(dá)到要求者可同時(shí)獲得兩個(gè)學(xué)科的學(xué)位。在我國(guó),雙學(xué)位多見于本科學(xué)習(xí)階段(undergraduate education)。在歐盟國(guó)家,不少高校都開設(shè)碩士雙學(xué)位課程。
第二學(xué)士學(xué)位是在改革開放初期,針對(duì)我國(guó)研究生教育非常薄弱的情況,以及我國(guó)人才結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際,根據(jù)國(guó)家建設(shè)需要,提出的一種應(yīng)急性人才培養(yǎng)渠道。
The program to enroll graduates for a second bachelor degree was set up as a complement to China's postgraduate programs.However, along with the rapid development of China's postgraduate education, the second bachelor degree program has fulfiled its mission, said the committee.
據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院學(xué)位委員會(huì)介紹,隨著我國(guó)研究生教育的蓬勃發(fā)展,對(duì)于彌補(bǔ)研究生教育不足而設(shè)立的第二學(xué)士學(xué)位,已基本完成了歷史使命。
為分類推動(dòng)復(fù)合型人才培養(yǎng),管理辦法提出,設(shè)置輔修學(xué)士學(xué)位(get a bachelor's degree with a minor)、雙學(xué)士學(xué)位(double bachelor's degree)、聯(lián)合學(xué)士學(xué)位(joint bachelor's degree)三種學(xué)士學(xué)位類型。
對(duì)于全日制學(xué)生在本校自主選擇讀多個(gè)學(xué)位的,可以采取輔修學(xué)士學(xué)位方式(students can voluntarily minor in other studies at their own universities);
對(duì)于學(xué)校主導(dǎo)開展的復(fù)合型人才培養(yǎng),可以采取雙學(xué)士學(xué)位方式(conduct training programs to grant two bachelor degrees to students),對(duì)招生、培養(yǎng)、畢業(yè)等進(jìn)行整體設(shè)計(jì),由省級(jí)學(xué)位委員會(huì)審批。
對(duì)于校際之間正式開展的復(fù)合型人才聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目(joint training programs to cultivate versatile talents),可以采取聯(lián)合學(xué)士學(xué)位方式,推進(jìn)優(yōu)質(zhì)資源共享,報(bào)省級(jí)學(xué)位委員會(huì)審批。
外匯儲(chǔ)備 foreign exchange reserves
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange, China's forex regulator, disclosed for the first time on Sunday that the country had achieved a 10-year average return rate of 3.68 percent on its foreign exchange reserve investments from 2005 to 2014, according to the administration's 2018 annual report published on its website.
國(guó)家外匯管理局7月28日在其官網(wǎng)公布的2018年年報(bào)中首次披露,2005年至2014年,我國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備經(jīng)營(yíng)平均收益率為3.68%。
The administration also for the first time disclosed the currency composition of the country's foreign exchange reserves in the annual report. The reserves denominated by the US dollar accounted for 58 percent of the total by the end of 2014, down from 79 percent in 1995.
國(guó)家外匯管理局年報(bào)中也首次披露了我國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備貨幣結(jié)構(gòu),美元占比從1995年的79%下降至2014年的58%。
【名詞解釋】
外匯儲(chǔ)備(foreign exchange reserves)是指一國(guó)政府所持有的國(guó)際儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)中的外匯部分(reserve assets in foreign currencies),即一國(guó)政府保有的以外幣表示的債權(quán),是一個(gè)國(guó)家貨幣當(dāng)局持有并可以隨時(shí)兌換外國(guó)貨幣的資產(chǎn)。狹義而言,外匯儲(chǔ)備指一個(gè)國(guó)家的外匯積累;廣義而言,外匯儲(chǔ)備是指以外匯計(jì)價(jià)的資產(chǎn),包括現(xiàn)鈔(cash)、黃金(gold)、國(guó)外有價(jià)證券(foreign securities)等。
年報(bào)指出,我國(guó)黃金儲(chǔ)備不斷增加。
China's gold reserves increased to $87.27 billion by the end of June, up from $79.32 billion in January. China had the world's sixth-largest gold reserves by the end of 2018 with a total of 1,852 metric tons.
我國(guó)的黃金儲(chǔ)備從1月份的793.2億美元增長(zhǎng)至6月底的872.7億美元。2018年末,我國(guó)的黃金儲(chǔ)備為1852噸,黃金儲(chǔ)備規(guī)模位居全球第六。
國(guó)家外匯管理局新聞發(fā)言人、總經(jīng)濟(jì)師王春英表示,我國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備始終堅(jiān)持多元化、分散化的投資理念。
China's forex reserve currency structure is diversified, even more diversified than the world's average level. It is in line with requirements of China's economic and trade development, as well as the demand of international payments.
我國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備貨幣結(jié)構(gòu)日趨多元,比全球外匯儲(chǔ)備的平均水平更加分散。這符合我國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展及國(guó)際支付要求。
90后理財(cái) post-90s' wealth management
近日,中國(guó)新經(jīng)濟(jì)研究院聯(lián)合支付寶發(fā)布首份《90后攢錢報(bào)告》。報(bào)告顯示,92%的“90后”每個(gè)月都會(huì)有結(jié)余,80%的人會(huì)將結(jié)余進(jìn)行理財(cái)。
The country's young people born between 1990 and 1999 began to manage their money at 23 years old on average, about 10 years earlier than their parents, according to the report.
報(bào)告顯示,“90后”首次開始理財(cái)?shù)钠骄挲g是23歲,比父母輩第一次接觸理財(cái)早了10年。
The digital credit platform Huabei is also a popular service among the younger generation as they know how to make the most out of the credit service while avoiding overspending, the report showed.
年輕一代還很喜歡用數(shù)字信用服務(wù)平臺(tái)“花唄”,因?yàn)樗麄冎廊绾纬浞掷眯庞梅?wù)來避免過度支出。
“90后”出生的時(shí)候,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)較為普遍,所以這一代人被稱為“數(shù)字原住民”(digital natives)。
There's a whole generation of individuals for whom concepts such as the internet and wireless technology are just humdrum, because they've never lived in a world where they didn't exist. These are the so-called digital natives.
有一代人從出生就已經(jīng)習(xí)慣有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和無線技術(shù)的陪伴,對(duì)他們來說,這些數(shù)字技術(shù)絲毫不稀奇。這一代就是我們所說的“數(shù)字原住民”。
調(diào)研顯示,90%的“90后”使用花唄并非因?yàn)橄胍崆跋M(fèi),而是因?yàn)橄M笆″X”(save money)和“占便宜”(make the most of the service)。大量“90后”在調(diào)研中表示“自己先用花唄額度消費(fèi),把錢先存起來,這樣可以多賺一個(gè)月的收益”。
對(duì)比他們的余額寶和花唄發(fā)現(xiàn),“90后”每月在余額寶攢的錢,平均是其花唄賬單的4.5倍(the money they put in Yu'ebao is 4.5 times as much as they pay through Huabei)。
上海社科院原副院長(zhǎng)、研究員何健華表示,
The younger generation, growing amid rapid internet developments and abundant applications, are independent and smart with their money.
年輕一代成長(zhǎng)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)飛速發(fā)展及各種應(yīng)用層出不窮的年代,這代年輕人也有強(qiáng)烈的獨(dú)立意識(shí),對(duì)財(cái)富精打細(xì)算。