汛期 flooding season

Since the flooding season began in June, southern provinces have received seven rounds of heavy downpours with average precipitation of about 476 mm, up 51 percent compared to the same period in previous years, according to the National Meteorological Center.
6月進(jìn)入汛期以來(lái)，我國(guó)南方省份已經(jīng)歷七輪強(qiáng)降雨，平均降雨量約476毫米，比常年同期多51%。

【單詞講解】

在英文報(bào)道中，講到“降雨”時(shí)通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)rain、drizzle、downpour、shower等詞匯。其中，rain是“雨”的總稱(chēng)，我們通過(guò)在這個(gè)詞的前面添加不同的形容詞來(lái)表示不同程度的降雨，比如：heavy rain（大雨）、light rain（小雨）、中雨（moderate rain）、暴雨（torrential rain）、大暴雨（downpour）、特大暴雨（heavy downpour）。

中央氣象臺(tái)表示，未來(lái)一周南方地區(qū)還將連續(xù)出現(xiàn)兩次強(qiáng)降雨過(guò)程。

For the next five days, there will be two more rounds of heavy rain in South China, especially in Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces, with an accumulated precipitation of 100 to 200 millimeters.
未來(lái)五天，南方還將有兩輪強(qiáng)降雨，尤其是湖北、湖南、安徽、江西及浙江，累積降水量可達(dá)100到200毫米。

應(yīng)急管理部表示，自進(jìn)入6月份防汛關(guān)鍵期以來(lái)，截至7月11日，共有1991萬(wàn)人次受災(zāi)，129.8萬(wàn)人次緊急安置，58.2萬(wàn)人次需緊急生活救助。

Firemen and rescue workers transfer people trapped in floodwaters in Yichun, East China's Jiangxi province, on July 9, 2019. [Photo by Xu Tao/For chinadaily.com.cn]

水利部7月11日發(fā)布洪水黃色預(yù)警，提醒10省(自治區(qū))和社會(huì)公眾注意防范。

Following the recent heavy rainfall, two heavy floods occurred in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and the current flow in the Lanzhou section of the main stream has exceeded the warning level.
受近期強(qiáng)降雨影響，黃河上游發(fā)生2次編號(hào)洪水，目前干流蘭州段流量超過(guò)警戒流量。

【單詞講解】

在水文學(xué)上，支流（tributary）指匯入另一條河流（或其他水體）而不直接入海的河流。支流所匯入的河流稱(chēng)為干流或主流（mainstream），兩河或多河交匯之處稱(chēng)為合流或合流處（confluence）。與支流相反的情況稱(chēng)為分流（distributary）。

The Xijiang River in the Pearl River basin saw the first flood this year.
珠江流域西江發(fā)生2019年第1號(hào)洪水。

Floods exceeding alarms occurred in rivers around Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
長(zhǎng)江中下游洞庭湖及鄱陽(yáng)湖部分水系發(fā)生超警以上洪水。

The section from Jiujiang to Poyang Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River will exceed the alarm level Friday, which will be the first time for the water level in the main stream of the Yangtze River to exceed the alarm level in this year's flood season, according to the ministry.
預(yù)計(jì)12日長(zhǎng)江中游干流九江至鄱陽(yáng)湖湖口江段將超過(guò)警戒水位，這將是今年長(zhǎng)江干流首次超過(guò)警戒水位。

The ministry's yellow alert for floods targets Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangsu.
水利部發(fā)布洪水黃色預(yù)警，提醒青海、甘肅、寧夏、內(nèi)蒙古、廣西、廣東、江西、湖南、安徽、江蘇等有關(guān)省(自治區(qū))注意防范。

放開(kāi)落戶(hù)限制 relaxing residency curbs

China has introduced a slew of measures to boost the employment prospects of graduates in the country, including relaxing residency curbs, promoting multi-channel employment and facilitating the establishment of startups.
我國(guó)公布了一系列措施促進(jìn)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)，包括放開(kāi)落戶(hù)限制、促進(jìn)多渠道就業(yè)以及為創(chuàng)業(yè)提供便利等。

這項(xiàng)通知從積極拓寬就業(yè)領(lǐng)域、大力加強(qiáng)就業(yè)服務(wù)和全力做好兜底保障等方面提出了多項(xiàng)促進(jìn)大學(xué)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)的優(yōu)惠政策。

省會(huì)及以下城市放開(kāi)落戶(hù)限制、精簡(jiǎn)落戶(hù)憑證

Residency curbs on the settlement of college graduates, vocational college graduates, and graduates from overseas institutions will be fully relaxed at provincial capitals and other cities. The household registration process for graduates will be further simplified.
省會(huì)及以下城市要全面放開(kāi)對(duì)高校畢業(yè)生、職業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生、留學(xué)歸國(guó)人員的落戶(hù)限制，精簡(jiǎn)落戶(hù)憑證，簡(jiǎn)化辦理手續(xù)。

小微企業(yè)吸納畢業(yè)生可享受社保補(bǔ)貼

Personnel in grassroots service projects who have passed the assessment of the grassroots units below the county level in remote areas can be selected and hired in the township institutions.
對(duì)艱苦邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)縣以下基層單位服務(wù)期滿(mǎn)并考核合格的基層服務(wù)項(xiàng)目人員，可通過(guò)直接考察的方式擇優(yōu)聘用到服務(wù)地鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)事業(yè)單位。

Small and micro enterprises that hire people who have been unemployed for two years after college graduation will be provided with social insurance subsidies, according to the regulation.
對(duì)小微企業(yè)吸納離校2年內(nèi)未就業(yè)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的，按規(guī)定給予社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)貼。

返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)還有補(bǔ)貼

The country will strengthen innovation and entrepreneurship, relax the conditions for applying for start-up loans, and encourage graduates to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses.
加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育，放寬創(chuàng)業(yè)擔(dān)保貸款申請(qǐng)條件，支持高校畢業(yè)生返鄉(xiāng)入鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新。

擴(kuò)大就業(yè)見(jiàn)習(xí)規(guī)模

The country will help arrange internship placements for college graduates and unemployed young people who need internship opportunities. Other subsidies will cover qualified graduates in secondary vocational schools, technical schools included.
及時(shí)摸排鎖定有見(jiàn)習(xí)需求的高校畢業(yè)生和失業(yè)青年，幫助他們獲得崗位實(shí)踐機(jī)會(huì)。將求職創(chuàng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼對(duì)象范圍擴(kuò)大到中等職業(yè)學(xué)校（含技工院校）的困難畢業(yè)生。

夜間經(jīng)濟(jì) nighttime economy

近日，經(jīng)北京市政府同意，由北京市商務(wù)局印發(fā)《北京市關(guān)于進(jìn)一步繁榮夜間經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)的措施》，推出十三項(xiàng)具體舉措。

The nighttime economy refers to business activities between 6 pm and 6 am in the service sector. Many other Chinese cities, including Shanghai and Tianjin, have introduced plans to boost their nighttime economy.
所謂“夜間經(jīng)濟(jì)”一般指從當(dāng)日下午6點(diǎn)到次日凌晨6點(diǎn)所發(fā)生的服務(wù)業(yè)方面的商務(wù)活動(dòng)。上海、天津等地均已出臺(tái)措施發(fā)展夜間經(jīng)濟(jì)。

By the end of 2021, a bunch of nighttime landmarks, business districts and living areas will be set up throughout the capital, which is expected to be featured as part of a world-renowned "Night Capital" consumer brand.
到2021年底，北京市將形成一批夜間地標(biāo)、商圈和生活圈，打造具有全球知名度的“夜京城”消費(fèi)品牌。

首批4個(gè)“夜京城”地標(biāo)（nighttime landmarks）分別為前門(mén)和大柵欄、三里屯、國(guó)貿(mào)、五棵松。

首批“夜京城”商圈（nighttime business districts）位于藍(lán)色港灣、世貿(mào)天階、簋街、合生匯、郎園、食寶街、薈聚、中糧·祥云小鎮(zhèn)、奧林匹克公園等。

首批“夜京城”生活圈（nighttime living areas）在上地、五道口、常營(yíng)、方莊、魯谷、梨園、永順、回龍觀、天通苑等區(qū)域。

Late-night canteens along major subway lines will be further developed, and the 24-hour convenience stores, bookstores and movie theaters in the capital's urban and rural districts will be expanded to spur the nighttime economy.
在主要地鐵線路沿線進(jìn)一步發(fā)展深夜食堂特色餐飲，在城郊各區(qū)推廣24小時(shí)便利店、書(shū)店、影劇院，進(jìn)一步刺激夜間經(jīng)濟(jì)。

除了在“夜京城”地標(biāo)、商圈等區(qū)域組織開(kāi)展夜間主題活動(dòng)外，北京市還將策劃組織一批戲曲、相聲、電影、歌劇、音樂(lè)、讀書(shū)等主題鮮明的“夜京城”文化休閑活動(dòng)。

Some scenic spots in the capital will extend their opening times by one to two hours, according to the plan. A series of nighttime performances will also be carried out in famous tourist attractions, such as the Summer Palace, the Temple of Heaven and the Olympic Forest Park.
北京部分景點(diǎn)將延長(zhǎng)開(kāi)放時(shí)間一到兩個(gè)小時(shí)，在頤和園、天壇公園、奧林匹克森林公園等地也將組織夜間游覽活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。

Beijing will extend operations of metro line 1 and line 2 for an extra one hour and 1.5 hours respectively, with the last trains departing after 12:30 am, according to the plan.
北京地鐵1號(hào)線延長(zhǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)1小時(shí)，2號(hào)線延長(zhǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)1.5小時(shí)，兩條線路的末班車(chē)發(fā)車(chē)時(shí)間均在零點(diǎn)30分以后。

校外線上培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu) online after-school training institutions

China will carry out a comprehensive inspection on all online after-school training institutions and set up records on the institutions, their training content and teacher credentials by the end of this year as part of its oversight of the rapidly expanding industry, the Ministry of Education said on Monday.
教育部表示，要對(duì)快速發(fā)展的校外線上培訓(xùn)進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，2019年12月底前完成對(duì)全國(guó)校外線上培訓(xùn)及機(jī)構(gòu)的全面排查，對(duì)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)及其培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容和師資情況進(jìn)行備案。

《實(shí)施意見(jiàn)》要點(diǎn)包括：

培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容不得超出相應(yīng)的國(guó)家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

Online training providers shall not offer courses beyond the official syllabus for elementary and secondary schools, while the courses shall remain proportionate to students' grades and individual competence, according to the guidelines.
學(xué)科類(lèi)課程培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容不得超出相應(yīng)的國(guó)家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，須與招生對(duì)象所處年級(jí)相匹配、與學(xué)生個(gè)體能力相適應(yīng)。

To enable verification, the training content and data are asked to be kept for at least one year, while the livestreaming courses should be kept for no less than six months.
培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容和培訓(xùn)數(shù)據(jù)信息須留存1年以上，其中直播教學(xué)的影像須留存至少6個(gè)月。

合理設(shè)置課程培訓(xùn)時(shí)長(zhǎng)

The duration of each online training session shall not exceed 40 minutes and the interval between two sessions should not be less than 10 minutes.
每節(jié)課持續(xù)時(shí)間不得超過(guò)40分鐘，課程間隔不少于10分鐘。

In addition, it requires live broadcast lessons for mainland students in compulsory education to be completed no later than 9 pm.
面向境內(nèi)義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生的直播類(lèi)培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)結(jié)束時(shí)間不得晚于21:00。

師資合格

Teachers employed by online educational institutions should not be in-service teachers from primary and secondary schools but must hold corresponding teachers' qualifications, according to the guidelines.
不得聘用中小學(xué)在職教師，從事學(xué)科知識(shí)培訓(xùn)的人員應(yīng)當(dāng)具有國(guó)家規(guī)定的相應(yīng)教師資格。

Foreign teachers recruited by the after-school training institutions should comply with relevant national regulations, it says, adding that institutions must publicize information on their foreign teachers, including names, photos, teaching credentials, learning, work and teaching experience as well as teachers' qualifications.
聘用外籍人員須符合國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定。要在培訓(xùn)平臺(tái)和課程界面的顯著位置公示培訓(xùn)人員姓名、照片和教師資格證等信息，公示外籍培訓(xùn)人員的學(xué)習(xí)、工作和教學(xué)經(jīng)歷。

不得收取超3個(gè)月費(fèi)用

Online training institutions should not charge fees for more than three months or 60 classes ahead of training, and training fees should not be used for other investment, the guideline said.
按課時(shí)收費(fèi)的，每科不得一次性收取超過(guò)60課時(shí)的費(fèi)用；按培訓(xùn)周期收費(fèi)的，不得一次性收取時(shí)間跨度超過(guò)3個(gè)月的費(fèi)用。收取的培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用不得用于其他投資。

經(jīng)排查發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的校外線上培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)按整改意見(jiàn)進(jìn)行整改（rectify their problems），于2020年6月底前完成整改并重新提交相關(guān)材料。

省級(jí)教育行政部門(mén)要聯(lián)合網(wǎng)信、電信、公安等部門(mén)對(duì)逾期未完成整改或整改不到位的校外線上培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行查處，視情節(jié)暫?；蛲Ｖ古嘤?xùn)平臺(tái)運(yùn)營(yíng)（operation suspended or closed）、下架培訓(xùn)應(yīng)用（apps removed）、關(guān)閉微信公眾號(hào)(小程序)、依法進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰等。

郵政編碼 postal code

7月16日，國(guó)家郵政局發(fā)展研究中心與北京大學(xué)時(shí)空大數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)新中心提出“新型郵編”建設(shè)，建設(shè)完成后，已“服役”近40年的郵政編碼或?qū)⑼顺鰵v史舞臺(tái)。

When the new postal code system is complete, every Chinese citizen will be able to establish a unique "personal address ID" under unified coding rules.
該新型郵編體系建成以后，每個(gè)人都可以建立一個(gè)基于統(tǒng)一編碼規(guī)則的唯一“個(gè)人地址ID”。

據(jù)介紹，“新型郵編”（new postal code system）項(xiàng)目基于國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃“全球位置框架與編碼系統(tǒng)（global positioning frame and coding systems）”，將地球空間(或地球表面)剖分成體積(面積)形狀相似、既無(wú)縫隙也不重疊的多層次離散網(wǎng)格（split the terrestrial space into nonoverlapping and seamless multilayer grids similar in size and shape），剖分的網(wǎng)格都具有唯一編碼，該編碼具有多尺度、可標(biāo)識(shí)、可定位、可索引、可計(jì)算、自動(dòng)空間關(guān)聯(lián)等特點(diǎn)（the code is multidimensional and can be tagged, positioned, searched, computed and used in automatic spacial association）。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

我國(guó)于1974年開(kāi)始研制郵政編碼（post code/postal code），經(jīng)過(guò)5年左右的時(shí)間，擬定出“全國(guó)郵政編碼試行方案”，并于1978年在遼寧、上海、江蘇等省市進(jìn)行試點(diǎn)。1980年7月1日，我國(guó)推出了全國(guó)統(tǒng)一使用的郵政編碼，開(kāi)始正式在全國(guó)宣傳推行。

我國(guó)的郵政編碼采用四級(jí)六位數(shù)編碼結(jié)構(gòu)（six-digit coding rule）。前兩位數(shù)字表示省（直轄市、自治區(qū)）；前三位數(shù)字表示郵區(qū)；前四位數(shù)字表示縣（市）；最后兩位數(shù)字表示投遞局（所）。

新的郵編系統(tǒng)建成之后，國(guó)家郵政局可建立居民個(gè)人寄遞地址編碼管理公共平臺(tái)，居民可自行在平臺(tái)上通過(guò)身份證信息注冊(cè)，獲得與身份證綁定的個(gè)人地址庫(kù)（individuals can register and establish their own address libraries）。

To deliver a parcel, the sender can select the desired mailing address and send the corresponding code to the courier, who can begin mailing items after typing the code into the system.
在快遞服務(wù)時(shí)，公民選擇地址庫(kù)中想寄達(dá)的地址，將對(duì)應(yīng)的編碼向快遞員發(fā)送，快遞員將地址以編碼的形式錄入系統(tǒng)即可開(kāi)始寄件。

每個(gè)快遞包裹也將有屬于自己的ID，該ID可關(guān)聯(lián)所有與包裹相關(guān)的信息，包括快遞員信息、運(yùn)送信息、配送信息（information on the courier, shipment and delivery）等。

個(gè)人破產(chǎn) personal bankruptcy

The country will promote the establishment of a bankruptcy system for insolvent individuals in a step-by-step way, according to the new reform plan released by the National Development and Reform Commission and 12 other central government agencies.
由國(guó)家發(fā)改委和其他12家中央政府機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布的改革方案提出，我國(guó)將推動(dòng)逐步建立無(wú)償付能力個(gè)人的破產(chǎn)制度。

【名詞解釋】

個(gè)人破產(chǎn)（personal bankruptcy），是指作為債務(wù)人的自然人不能清償其到期債務(wù)時(shí)，由法院依法宣告其破產(chǎn)（an insolvent individual is declared bankrupt by the court），并對(duì)其財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行清算和分配或者進(jìn)行債務(wù)調(diào)整（have their property liquidated, distributed or debt adjusted），對(duì)其債務(wù)進(jìn)行豁免（exempted from the liability the individual is unable to pay back）以及確定當(dāng)事人在破產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的法律規(guī)范。

《方案》明確，對(duì)符合破產(chǎn)等退出條件的國(guó)有企業(yè)，各相關(guān)方不得以任何方式阻礙其退出，防止形成“僵尸企業(yè)”（zombie companies）。不得通過(guò)違規(guī)提供政府補(bǔ)貼、貸款（illegal government subsidies or loans）等方式維系“僵尸企業(yè)”生存，有效解決國(guó)有“僵尸企業(yè)”不愿退出的問(wèn)題。國(guó)有企業(yè)退出時(shí)（in case of SOEs' exit），金融機(jī)構(gòu)等債權(quán)人不得要求政府承擔(dān)超出出資額之外的債務(wù)清償責(zé)任。

發(fā)改委將研究建立個(gè)人破產(chǎn)制度（personal bankruptcy system），重點(diǎn)解決企業(yè)破產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的自然人連帶責(zé)任擔(dān)保債務(wù)問(wèn)題（resolving the joint liabilities arising from corporate bankruptcy）。明確自然人因擔(dān)保等原因而承擔(dān)與生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)相關(guān)的負(fù)債可依法合理免責(zé)。逐步推進(jìn)建立自然人符合條件的消費(fèi)負(fù)債可依法合理免責(zé)（promoting reasonable liability exemptions for individuals），最終建立全面的個(gè)人破產(chǎn)制度。

個(gè)人申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)后，是不是可以不用還債了呢？會(huì)不會(huì)影響債權(quán)人的利益呢？

中國(guó)人民大學(xué)法學(xué)院教授徐陽(yáng)光指出，不要以為只要申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)就可獲得免責(zé)，更不要將個(gè)人破產(chǎn)等同于“逃廢”個(gè)人債務(wù)。

Not every personal bankruptcy application will be approved and applying for bankruptcy is not a shelter for those trying to avoid paying their debts, said Xu.

并非所有個(gè)人破產(chǎn)申請(qǐng)都能獲準(zhǔn)，個(gè)人破產(chǎn)也不能成為一些人逃避債務(wù)的“保護(hù)傘”。

To get the debt liability exemption, the debtor has to repay part of the debt as a condition and the debtor's economic life will be restricted for about three to five years after the end of bankruptcy proceedings, Xu said.

債務(wù)人須償還部分債務(wù)作為免責(zé)的條件，在破產(chǎn)程序終結(jié)后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)（通常持續(xù)3-5年），債務(wù)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活會(huì)受到限制。