仿制藥 generic drugs

The National Health Commission has released a list of suggested generic drugs to treat serious diseases including AIDS and leukemia.
國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委公示了一批仿制藥品建議清單，用于治療艾滋病、白血病等重大疾病。

【名詞解釋】

仿制藥（generic drugs）是指專(zhuān)利藥品在專(zhuān)利保護(hù)期結(jié)束后（after the patents on the original drugs expire），不擁有該專(zhuān)利的藥企仿制的替代藥品。仿制藥與原研藥具有相同的活性成分（active ingredient ）、劑型（dosage）、給藥途徑（route of administration）和治療作用（intended use），但是仿制藥的價(jià)格要明顯低于原研藥。

《關(guān)于第一批鼓勵(lì)仿制藥品目錄建議清單的公示》指出，清單中的34種藥物是由國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委聯(lián)合科技部、工業(yè)和信息化部、國(guó)家藥監(jiān)局、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局等部門(mén)組織專(zhuān)家對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)專(zhuān)利到期（off patent）和專(zhuān)利即將到期（nearing patent expiration）尚沒(méi)有提出注冊(cè)申請(qǐng)、臨床供應(yīng)短缺（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不充分，have no generic drug counterpart）以及企業(yè)主動(dòng)申報(bào)的藥品進(jìn)行遴選論證后提出。

清單出臺(tái)背景

2018年4月，國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委、國(guó)家發(fā)改委等12部門(mén)聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于加快落實(shí)仿制藥供應(yīng)保障及使用政策工作方案》。

The plan required the release of the first generic drugs catalogue before the end of June this year to lead pharmaceutical companies' research and development, registration and production, and promote the use of generic drugs.
方案要求，2019年6月底前，發(fā)布第一批鼓勵(lì)仿制的藥品目錄，引導(dǎo)企業(yè)研發(fā)、注冊(cè)和生產(chǎn)，促進(jìn)仿制藥替代使用。

在2018年4月國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)的《關(guān)于改革完善仿制藥供應(yīng)保障及使用政策的意見(jiàn)》中明確提出促進(jìn)仿制藥研發(fā)的要求。

The document encourages pharmaceutical enterprises to develop generic drugs with definite therapeutic effects that are necessary in clinical application and are in a short supply.
文件鼓勵(lì)藥企研發(fā)臨床必需、療效確切、供應(yīng)短缺的仿制藥品。

奧運(yùn)申辦程序變革 Olympic bidding overhaul

The International Olympic Committee outlined plans to overhaul the bidding process for future Games, stating that cities interested in hosting the Games should hold referendums before submitting official tenders to avoid having to withdraw their candidacy at a later date.
國(guó)際奧委會(huì)公布了奧運(yùn)會(huì)申辦規(guī)程的改革方案，要求有意申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的城市在提交正式申請(qǐng)之前應(yīng)先舉行全民公投，以免在成為候選城市之后中途退出。

【單詞講解】

Overhaul這個(gè)詞可用作動(dòng)詞或名詞，表示“翻修；革新；徹底檢查”等意思，比如：overhaul the income tax policy/the income tax policy overhaul（個(gè)稅改革）、overhaul the original plan（改變最初的計(jì)劃）等。

Withdraw their candidacy就是“放棄候選城市資格”，即“退出申辦”，也可以用drop out of bidding來(lái)表示。Drop out of通常表示“退出”，比如，“中途退學(xué)”就是drop out of school。

過(guò)去幾年來(lái)，不斷出現(xiàn)奧運(yùn)會(huì)申辦城市中途退出的現(xiàn)象。

For the 2026 Winter Olympics, which this week was awarded to Milan and Cortina D'Ampezzo, four cities pulled out.
本周剛剛公布2026年冬奧會(huì)主辦城市為米蘭和科爾蒂納丹佩佐，此前已有4個(gè)申辦城市退出。

It was a similar situation for the 2022 and 2024 Games. Local referendums have also killed off many bids or planned candidacies, including in Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Canada among others.
2022年和2024年奧運(yùn)會(huì)申辦城市中也有類(lèi)似的情況。而在瑞士、德國(guó)、奧地利以及加拿大等國(guó)，奧運(yùn)申辦意向在提交之前就被當(dāng)?shù)氐娜窆督o否決了。

除了要求申辦之前獲得全民支持以外，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)此次公布的變革內(nèi)容還包括：

第一，未來(lái)將分別組建“夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦地委員會(huì)”和“冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦地委員會(huì)”（future host commissions one each for Summer and Winter Games）。

The new panels will be empowered to have “permanent ongoing dialogue” with potential bidders and pro-actively approach preferred hosts. They will recommend one or more candidates for an election.
新的委員會(huì)有權(quán)與潛在的申辦城市以及他們青睞的舉辦城市保持“長(zhǎng)期密切對(duì)話”，并推薦一個(gè)或多個(gè)候選城市。

第二，未來(lái)的奧運(yùn)會(huì)不一定非要提前7年確定舉辦地。

A new, flexible campaign timetable will end the Olympic Charter rule requiring hosts to be voted on seven years in advance of a Summer or Winter Games.
《奧林匹克憲章》中要求夏季或冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)主辦城市需提前7年選定的條款將被新的更加靈活的申辦時(shí)間表所取代。

其實(shí)，這種時(shí)間的靈活，在洛杉磯提前11年獲得2028年奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦權(quán)就體現(xiàn)出來(lái)了。

第三，未來(lái)的奧運(yùn)會(huì)不再限定在一個(gè)城市舉辦。

Host can also refer to multiple cities, regions and/or countries.
主辦城市可以是好幾個(gè)城市、地區(qū)或者國(guó)家。

第四，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)鼓勵(lì)舉辦地更多使用現(xiàn)有或臨時(shí)場(chǎng)館及設(shè)施（use existing or temporary venues and infrastructures）。

個(gè)稅免征項(xiàng)目 income tax exemptions

China further clarified taxable items among individual earnings, with 11 sources of income exempted from taxation, according to a policy announcement issued by the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration on Tuesday.
6月25日，財(cái)政部和國(guó)家稅務(wù)總局發(fā)布政策公告，進(jìn)一步明確了個(gè)人收入中的可征稅項(xiàng)目，以及11類(lèi)免于征稅的收入來(lái)源。

【單詞講解】

Exempt表示“免除、豁免”，可以用作動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞，一般搭配是be exempt(ed) from，比如：Men in college were exempt from military service（大學(xué)在校男生免服兵役）；the estate was exempt from taxes（這個(gè)房子免稅）。

公告中明確免于征收個(gè)人所得稅的情形包括：

房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)所有人將房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)無(wú)償贈(zèng)與配偶、父母、子女、祖父母、外祖父母、孫子女、外孫子女、兄弟姐妹（the owner gives one's property to spouse, parents, children, grandparents, grandchildren, siblings as gift）；

房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)所有人將房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)無(wú)償贈(zèng)與對(duì)其承擔(dān)直接撫養(yǎng)或者贍養(yǎng)義務(wù)的撫養(yǎng)人或者贍養(yǎng)人（the owner gives one's property to the ones who have been taking care of and supporting him/her as gift）；

房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)所有人死亡，依法取得房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)的法定繼承人、遺囑繼承人或者受遺贈(zèng)人（property transfer to legitimate heirs upon the owner's death）；

企業(yè)在業(yè)務(wù)宣傳、廣告等活動(dòng)中，贈(zèng)送的具有價(jià)格折扣或折讓性質(zhì)的消費(fèi)券、代金券、抵用券、優(yōu)惠券（coupons used as discounts）等禮品；

親戚朋友之間互相贈(zèng)送的網(wǎng)絡(luò)紅包（online red envelopes among family members and friends）；

保險(xiǎn)公司支付給保期內(nèi)未出險(xiǎn)的人壽保險(xiǎn)保戶的利息（interests paid from unclaimed life insurance policies）；

股民個(gè)人從證券公司取得的回扣收入或交易手續(xù)費(fèi)返還收入（transaction fee returns from securities firms）等。

十點(diǎn)共識(shí) ten-point consensus

國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平27日在大阪會(huì)見(jiàn)日本首相安倍晉三。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一致認(rèn)為，雙方應(yīng)聚焦共識(shí)，管控分歧，共同推動(dòng)兩國(guó)關(guān)系健康發(fā)展。

雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成十點(diǎn)共識(shí)。

Among the consensus, Xi and Abe spoke highly of the sound momentum in the development of China-Japan relations and agreed that as both countries have entered a new era of development, joint efforts are needed to build bilateral relations that meet the requirements of the new era.
一、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人積極評(píng)價(jià)當(dāng)前中日關(guān)系改善發(fā)展的良好勢(shì)頭。雙方認(rèn)為，中日都進(jìn)入發(fā)展的新時(shí)代，雙方應(yīng)共同致力于構(gòu)建契合新時(shí)代要求的中日關(guān)系。

While the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, the two leaders saw fresh opportunities for developing bilateral relations as mutual interests and common concerns between the two countries are increasing day by day.
當(dāng)今世界正面臨百年未有之大變局。雙方認(rèn)為，雙方共同利益和共同關(guān)切日益增多，兩國(guó)關(guān)系面臨新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

Secondly, the two leaders reiterated that their countries will hold fast to various principles stipulated in the four political documents between China and Japan and implement the political consensus that they are cooperative partners who never pose a threat to each other.
二、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重申，恪守中日四個(gè)政治文件確立的各項(xiàng)原則，踐行中日互為合作伙伴、互不構(gòu)成威脅的政治共識(shí)。

The two countries will also uphold the spirit of replacing competition with coordination and continue to push forward the China-Japan relations on the right track.
本著化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)為協(xié)調(diào)的精神，推動(dòng)中日關(guān)系沿著正確軌道持續(xù)向前發(fā)展。

Thirdly, Xi and Abe agreed to maintain close communication, strengthen high-level guidance and keep increasing political mutual trust.
三、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意保持密切溝通，加強(qiáng)高層引領(lǐng)，不斷增進(jìn)政治互信。

Abe, on behalf of the Japanese government, invited Xi to pay a state visit to Japan in the spring next year. Xi agreed in principle to the invitation. The two leaders have instructed their respective foreign affairs departments to maintain communication on the timing of the state visit.
安倍首相代表日本政府邀請(qǐng)習(xí)近平主席明年春天對(duì)日本進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)，習(xí)主席原則接受邀請(qǐng)。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人責(zé)成雙方外交部門(mén)就具體時(shí)機(jī)保持溝通。

Fourthly, the two leaders agreed to further deepen the convergence of interests between their countries and strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation in a wide range of areas such as science and technology innovation, protection of intellectual property rights, trade and investment, finance, medical and health, old-age care, energy saving and environmental protection and tourism.
四、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意，進(jìn)一步深化兩國(guó)利益交融，加強(qiáng)在科技創(chuàng)新、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、經(jīng)貿(mào)投資、財(cái)政金融、醫(yī)療康養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)老照護(hù)、節(jié)能環(huán)保、旅游觀光等廣泛領(lǐng)域互利合作。

The Japanese side sees the Belt and Road Initiative as a promising idea for linking diverse regions, while China welcomes Japan to actively take part in the high-quality construction of the Belt and Road.
日方認(rèn)為“一帶一路”倡議是聯(lián)結(jié)多樣化地區(qū)的富有潛力的構(gòu)想。中方歡迎日方積極參與高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”。

The two sides will continue to strive for solid results in third-party market cooperation.
雙方將繼續(xù)著力推動(dòng)第三方市場(chǎng)合作取得扎實(shí)成果。

China and Japan support their respective enterprises to expand mutual investment and pledge to provide a fair, non-discriminatory, and predictable business environment for the other's enterprises.
雙方支持兩國(guó)企業(yè)擴(kuò)大相互投資，確認(rèn)為對(duì)方企業(yè)提供公平、非歧視、可預(yù)期的營(yíng)商環(huán)境。

Fifthly, Xi and Abe stressed that China and Japan, both important contributors to the development of the Asian civilization, should inherit and carry forward the achievements of Asian civilization, and advocate equal dialogue and mutual learning among various civilizations.
五、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人強(qiáng)調(diào)，中日都是亞洲文明發(fā)展的重要貢獻(xiàn)者，應(yīng)傳承弘揚(yáng)亞洲文明成果，倡導(dǎo)不同文明間開(kāi)展平等對(duì)話、交流互鑒。

The two countries should keep strengthening people-to-people exchanges and cooperation based on their profound historical and cultural origins. The two leaders agreed to kickstart within the year a high-level consultation mechanism on people-to-people and cultural exchanges between the two countries.
應(yīng)以深厚的歷史文化淵源為紐帶，持續(xù)加強(qiáng)人文領(lǐng)域交流合作。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人決定，年內(nèi)啟動(dòng)中日高級(jí)別人文交流磋商機(jī)制。

Sixthly, the two leaders agreed to actively carry out friendly non-governmental exchanges between China and Japan, so as to increase mutual understanding and strengthen the people-to-people bond.
六、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意，積極開(kāi)展中日民間友好交流，增進(jìn)相互理解，促進(jìn)民心相通。

The two sides should take the opportunity of the ongoing China-Japan Youth Exchange Promotion Year to actively carry out various exchange activities such as study tours.
雙方要以今年“中日青少年交流促進(jìn)年”為契機(jī)，積極開(kāi)展修學(xué)旅行等內(nèi)容豐富、形式多樣的互訪交流活動(dòng)。

Seventhly, Xi and Abe reiterated that their countries will adhere to the path of peaceful development and be partners in peaceful development.
七、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重申，中日將堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路，共做和平發(fā)展的伙伴。

In this respect, China and Japan should strengthen communication and cooperation in security, actively promote the building of constructive bilateral security relations and gradually set up solid strategic reciprocity and mutual trust.
雙方應(yīng)加強(qiáng)安全領(lǐng)域交流與合作，積極推動(dòng)構(gòu)建建設(shè)性雙邊安全關(guān)系，逐步確立穩(wěn)固的戰(zhàn)略互惠互信。

The two leaders agreed to further strengthen dialogue in diplomacy and security.
兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意雙方進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)外交和安全領(lǐng)域?qū)υ挕?/p>

Eighthly, the two leaders agreed to properly handle sensitive issues and manage disputes and differences constructively.
八、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意，妥善處理敏感問(wèn)題，建設(shè)性管控矛盾分歧。

The two sides will continue to promote the implementation of the principled consensus on East China Sea issues and make joint efforts to safeguard peace and stability of the East China Sea, so as to turn it into a sea of peace, cooperation and friendship.
雙方將繼續(xù)推動(dòng)落實(shí)東海問(wèn)題原則共識(shí)，共同努力維護(hù)東海和平穩(wěn)定，實(shí)現(xiàn)使東海成為和平、合作、友好之海的目標(biāo)。

Ninthly, the two leaders believe that China and Japan, both important Asian countries and major global economies, should jointly safeguard multilateralism and the free trade system, actively steer regional integration, advance the building of an open world economy, and promote the common development of all countries.
九、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)為，中日同為亞洲重要國(guó)家和世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體，應(yīng)共同維護(hù)多邊主義和自由貿(mào)易體制，積極引領(lǐng)區(qū)域一體化，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，促進(jìn)世界各國(guó)共同發(fā)展。

The two sides agreed to make the G20 play its important role in promoting the steady development of the world economy and improving the global governance system.
雙方同意，發(fā)揮二十國(guó)集團(tuán)在促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、推動(dòng)完善全球治理體系建設(shè)中的重要作用。

They also agreed to accelerate negotiations on the China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and strive for concluding negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership within the year.
加快推動(dòng)中日韓自貿(mào)協(xié)定談判進(jìn)程，年內(nèi)力爭(zhēng)完成區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定談判。

Tenthly, Xi and Abe believe that China and Japan should actively fulfill their international responsibilities, face various global challenges shoulder by shoulder, and strengthen communication and coordination on such global affairs as development aid, climate change, arms control and disarmament as well as health care, so as to jointly make contributions to world peace, stability and development.
十、兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)為，中日應(yīng)積極履行國(guó)際責(zé)任，共同應(yīng)對(duì)各種全球性挑戰(zhàn)，著力加強(qiáng)在發(fā)展援助、氣候變化、軍控裁軍、衛(wèi)生保健等國(guó)際事務(wù)中的溝通與協(xié)調(diào)，攜手為世界和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)展作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

二十國(guó)集團(tuán)峰會(huì) G20 summit

6月28日，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平在日本大阪出席二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第十四次峰會(huì)(the 14th G20 Summit)并發(fā)表題為《攜手共進(jìn)，合力打造高質(zhì)量世界經(jīng)濟(jì)》的講話。以下為講話要點(diǎn)：

The G20 major economies should embrace development opportunities with greater openness and seek win-win results with better cooperation, so as to guide economic globalization toward the right direction.
作為世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體，二十國(guó)集團(tuán)要以更大的開(kāi)放擁抱發(fā)展機(jī)遇，以更好的合作謀求互利共贏，引導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化朝正確方向發(fā)展。

The G20 should focus on shared interests and long-term development, and commit to realizing lasting peace and prosperity for the world and a satisfying life for peoples around the world. The G20 should not make an irreversible "historic mistake" due to temporary shortsightedness.
我們要立足共同利益，著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)世界持久和平繁榮、各國(guó)人民安居樂(lè)業(yè)，避免因一時(shí)短視犯下不可挽回的歷史性錯(cuò)誤。

The G20 major economies should promote international innovation cooperation, move beyond border limitation and man-made fences, pool global wisdom to tackle common problems, and broadly apply innovation outcomes to benefit more countries and peoples.
我們要提倡國(guó)際創(chuàng)新合作，超越疆域局限和人為藩籬，集全球之智，克共性難題，讓創(chuàng)新成果得以廣泛應(yīng)用，惠及更多國(guó)家和人民。

China will further open up its market, proactively expand imports, continuously improve its business environment for foreign enterprises, and press ahead with various trade agreement negotiations.
中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)、主動(dòng)擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口、持續(xù)改善營(yíng)商環(huán)境、全面實(shí)施平等待遇、大力推動(dòng)經(jīng)貿(mào)談判。

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）