脫鉤改革 decoupling reform

國(guó)家發(fā)改委、民政部、中央組織部等在內(nèi)的10部門于6月14日發(fā)布《關(guān)于全面推開(kāi)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)與行政機(jī)關(guān)脫鉤改革的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)》，就全面推開(kāi)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)與行政機(jī)關(guān)脫鉤改革提出意見(jiàn)。

The decoupling reform was first advanced in July 2015 after the general plan was issued. In three pilot programs over the following three years, 422 national associations and 5,318 provincial industrial associations were decoupled from administrative organs, which account for more than 50 percent of the overall industrial associations.
脫鉤改革總體方案于2015年7月提出，在之后的三年中推出了三批試點(diǎn)，共有422家全國(guó)性協(xié)會(huì)和5318家省級(jí)協(xié)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)與行政機(jī)關(guān)脫鉤，均超過(guò)應(yīng)脫鉤協(xié)會(huì)總數(shù)的50%。

【單詞講解】

這里的decouple是前綴de-加couple一詞構(gòu)成的，我們都知道couple表示“夫妻、情侶、配偶、一對(duì)”或者“連接、結(jié)合”等意思，社交媒體上的流行詞CP就是來(lái)源于coupling，意思是真人明星或者虛擬人物的粉絲將兩個(gè)人物配對(duì)成戀愛(ài)關(guān)系或其他親密關(guān)系的行為。前綴de-一般表示“否定、相反、除去”等意思，所以，decouple就是“使...脫離關(guān)系”的意思，常用的搭配的decouple...from...。

同時(shí)，uncouple也有“脫離關(guān)系”的意思，二者的區(qū)別在哪里呢？簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，uncouple表示客觀上解除二者之間的關(guān)系，比如，夫妻或情侶分手，可以用they are going through the process of uncoupling表示，之后，二者之間就沒(méi)有關(guān)系了?；蛘?， uncouple the two railroad cars（使兩節(jié)火車車廂分離）。而decouple表達(dá)的意思要更復(fù)雜一些，就像這里提到的，使行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)與行政機(jī)關(guān)脫鉤，這里的脫鉤不是簡(jiǎn)單脫離關(guān)系那么簡(jiǎn)單，還涉及到各種復(fù)雜的事務(wù)流程。

實(shí)施意見(jiàn)指出，脫鉤的主體是各級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān)（administrative organs at various levels）與其主辦、主管、聯(lián)系、掛靠的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)（ industrial associations and chambers of commerce that are organized, administered, have contact with or attached to the administrative organs）。

同時(shí)具有以下特征的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)納入脫鉤范圍：會(huì)員主體為從事相同性質(zhì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的單位、同業(yè)人員，或同地域的經(jīng)濟(jì)組織；名稱以“行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)（industrial association）”、“協(xié)會(huì)（association/society）”、“商會(huì)（chamber of commerce）”、“同業(yè)公會(huì)（guild）”、“聯(lián)合會(huì)（league）”、“促進(jìn)會(huì)（association for promotion）”等字樣為后綴；在民政部門登記為社會(huì)團(tuán)體法人。

According to the document, all the qualified industrial associations and chambers of commerce should be completely decoupled from the related administrative organs in terms of organization, function, personnel, finance, property Party building and publicity.
改革的具體任務(wù)主要包括機(jī)構(gòu)分離、職能分離、資產(chǎn)財(cái)務(wù)分離、人員管理分離、黨建外事等事項(xiàng)分離等。

According to the timetable for the reform, decoupling should be completed in an all-round way by the end of 2020.
根據(jù)實(shí)施意見(jiàn)的時(shí)間安排，全面實(shí)施行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)脫鉤改革，2020年底前基本完成。

同車不同溫 subway train with varying temperatures

In a bid to ease complaints and accommodate passengers' needs in the hot summer months of Beijing, Subway Line 6 is now offering train services with varying temperatures.
炎熱夏季，為了應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的抱怨、滿足乘客需求，北京地鐵6號(hào)線推出“同車不同溫”服務(wù)。

【單詞講解】

Accommodate這個(gè)詞有好幾個(gè)意思，咱們最常見(jiàn)的是“容納；提供住宿”，比如，This hotel can accommodate at least 100 guests.（這家旅館至少可以為100位客人提供住宿。）This school is not big enough to accommodate all the children.（這個(gè)學(xué)校不夠大，沒(méi)法容納下所有孩子。）但是在這里，accommodate的意思是“迎合、適應(yīng)（某人的要求）”，一般搭配是accommodate one's needs/demands。這個(gè)詞的名詞形式accommodation多指“住處；（樓房或交通工具內(nèi)的）空間，座位”，比如，temporary accommodation（臨時(shí)住處）。

Those riding on the front half of the train will be hit with a strong blast of air conditioning, while those on the back half will be subject to much less intense A/C.
位于地鐵列車前半部分的車廂將提供強(qiáng)冷風(fēng)空調(diào)，后半部分的車廂則提供弱冷風(fēng)空調(diào)。

京地鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)一分公司相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，目前6號(hào)線整列車廂溫度高峰時(shí)設(shè)置為26℃，平峰時(shí)設(shè)置為27℃。工作人員將通過(guò)手動(dòng)程序，分別對(duì)“強(qiáng)冷”車廂和“弱冷”車廂的空調(diào)溫度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)（subway staff will manually adjust temperatures in carriages based on which section they are in）。

北京地鐵方面表示，通過(guò)對(duì)已上線的3列車試運(yùn)行情況看，“弱冷車廂”內(nèi)的空調(diào)溫度要比“強(qiáng)冷車廂”內(nèi)高2℃（temperature in carriages of cool section is 2 degrees higher than that of cold section）。具體而言，“強(qiáng)冷車廂”的平均客室內(nèi)溫度約為25℃。

不規(guī)范地名 improper place names

近日，多地發(fā)布的“關(guān)于需清理整治不規(guī)范地名清單的公示”引發(fā)熱議。

The Ministry of Civil Affairs on Friday instructed local authorities to act prudently and appropriately in a campaign against improper place names.
6月21日，民政部要求各地在清理整治不規(guī)范地名時(shí)要穩(wěn)妥實(shí)施。

2018年12月，民政部（the Ministry of Civil Affairs）、公安部（the Ministry of Public Security）、自然資源部（the Ministry of Natural resources）、住房城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部（the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development）、交通運(yùn)輸部（the Ministry of Transport）、國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局（State Administration for Market Regulation）聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步清理整治不規(guī)范地名的通知》，對(duì)清理整治不規(guī)范地名工作作出安排部署。

The campaign mainly targets improper names of newly built residential areas and major projects that have had a negative social effect and have stirred strong public reactions-those featuring exaggeration, blind worshiping of foreign names, odd and incomprehensible words and repetitive names.
各地要重點(diǎn)清理整治社會(huì)影響惡劣、各方反映強(qiáng)烈的城鎮(zhèn)新建居民區(qū)、大型建筑物中的“大、洋、怪、重”等不規(guī)范地名。

其中，“大”指刻意夸大（exaggeration），“洋”指崇洋媚外（blind worshiping of foreign names），“怪”指怪異難懂（odd and incomprehensible words），“重”指重名同音（repetitive names）。

民政部要求各地準(zhǔn)確把握政策，嚴(yán)格按照有關(guān)法規(guī)和原則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織實(shí)施（regulations and guidelines should be strictly observed），防止隨意擴(kuò)大清理整治范圍（prevent the campaign from being expanded in an arbitrary manner）。

It urged local authorities to regulate their work procedures, solicit public and expert opinions and produce a list of proposed name corrections cautiously.
民政部要求進(jìn)一步規(guī)范工作程序，充分進(jìn)行專家論證，廣泛征求各方意見(jiàn)，審慎提出清理整治清單。

高溫津貼 high-temperature subsidy

Among 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions that have implemented high-temperature subsidies, nine of them -- including Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangxi, Tianjin and Hebei -- have raised their standards for high-temperature subsidies this summer, Beijing News reported.
據(jù)新京報(bào)報(bào)告，在全國(guó)發(fā)放高溫津貼的28個(gè)省市區(qū)當(dāng)中，浙江、上海、安徽、江西、天津以及河北等9個(gè)省市今年均上調(diào)了高溫津貼。

根據(jù)《防暑降溫措施管理辦法》，勞動(dòng)者在溫度35℃以上的戶外露天作業(yè)(workers exposed to outdoor temperatures above 35℃)或在溫度33℃以上的室內(nèi)工作場(chǎng)所工作(work indoors in temperatures above 33℃)時(shí)，用人單位應(yīng)當(dāng)向勞動(dòng)者發(fā)放高溫津貼(high-temperature subsidies)。

After the adjustment, employees in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang will get a monthly subsidy of 300 yuan, the highest amount in the nation.
在按月計(jì)發(fā)的省份里，上海、江蘇及浙江三地的職工高溫津貼調(diào)整后將達(dá)到每月300元，為全國(guó)最高。

Anhui has raised its subsidy standard from 10 yuan per day to 15 yuan, while Sichuan adjusted the local standard from 8 to 12 yuan per day to 10-18 yuan.
安徽省按日計(jì)發(fā)的高溫津貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為不低于15元/天，較此前不低于10元/天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有所上調(diào)。四川省的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也由8-12元/天提高至10-18元/天。

Hebei is the only region that sets an hourly high-temperature subsidy standard. It has raised the local standard to 2 yuan per hour for outdoor workers and 1.5 yuan per hour for indoor workers, up from the previous 1.5 yuan and 1 yuan, respectively.
只有河北省是按小時(shí)計(jì)發(fā)高溫津貼的。河北省規(guī)定，室外露天作業(yè)的高溫津貼為2元/小時(shí)，室內(nèi)高溫作業(yè)的勞動(dòng)者津貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為1.5元/小時(shí)，這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也較過(guò)去（分別為1.5元和1元）有所提高。

除了高溫津貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有所不同，津貼發(fā)放的月份，全國(guó)各地也不盡相同。

Employees in northern regions and provinces such as Beijing and Shanxi are entitled to the subsidy from June to August, while those in southern regions and provinces such as Guangdong and Guangxi can receive the subsidy from June to October.
如北京市、山西省都明確高溫津貼發(fā)放時(shí)間是6月至8月。廣東、廣西則從6月一直發(fā)放到10月。

For those in the southernmost Hainan province, the subsidy is paid from April to October.
海南省發(fā)放時(shí)間從4月持續(xù)至10月。