2019年6月新聞熱詞匯總
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2019-06-30 10:00
電子收費(fèi) ETC
With all expressway lanes capable of offering electronic toll collection (ETC) service by October, more than 90 percent of vehicles on expressways in China should be able to use the ETC system by year-end, the action plan said.
方案提出,2019年10月底前,所有車道均具備ETC服務(wù)功能,到今年年底,高速公路不停車快捷收費(fèi)率達(dá)到90%以上。
【單詞講解】
ETC(electronic toll collection),即“電子收費(fèi)”,在公路收費(fèi)領(lǐng)域一般被稱為“電子不停車快捷收費(fèi)”。實(shí)現(xiàn)ETC收費(fèi)需要在收費(fèi)站設(shè)置電子識(shí)別設(shè)備(electronic readers),車輛上要安裝應(yīng)答器(transponders),駕駛員還需要提前在銀行辦理專門的信用卡作為高速公路通行費(fèi)的扣款賬戶(declining-balance account)。
Toll這個(gè)詞可以直接表示“(道路、橋梁)通行費(fèi)”,所以,沒有必要說toll fee,“收費(fèi)站”就可以用toll gate、toll booth表示,咱們國(guó)家一些法定節(jié)假日期間小型車輛高速公路免費(fèi)通行則可以說Most expressways in the country are going toll free for passenger cars with fewer than seven seats during the holiday period. 此外,在有關(guān)災(zāi)難事故的新聞報(bào)道中見到的toll則表示“(傷亡)人數(shù)”,比如death toll(死亡人數(shù))、the toll of dead and injured mounted(傷亡人數(shù)增加)。
根據(jù)安排,2019年7月1日起,對(duì)ETC用戶實(shí)施不少于5%的車輛通行費(fèi)基本優(yōu)惠(granting a discount of no less than 5 percent off expressway tolls for ETC users),各省份對(duì)通行本區(qū)域的ETC車輛實(shí)行無差別基本優(yōu)惠政策。
2019年10月底前,所有車道均具備ETC服務(wù)功能,其中大中城市、新建城鎮(zhèn)、旅游景區(qū)周邊收費(fèi)站ETC專用車道占比不低于70%(the proportion of ETC lanes should be no less than 70 percent by the end of October for big and medium-sized cities, new towns and sites near scenic spots)。
到今年年底,全國(guó)ETC用戶數(shù)量將突破1.8億,ETC車道將成為主要收費(fèi)車道(ETC lanes will become the mainstream),貨車實(shí)現(xiàn)不停車收費(fèi)(allow nonstop passage of freight vehicles),所有人工收費(fèi)車道支持移動(dòng)支付(mobile payment)等電子收費(fèi)方式。
自2020年1月1日起,除國(guó)務(wù)院另有規(guī)定外,各類通行費(fèi)減免等優(yōu)惠政策均依托ETC系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本參與發(fā)行,通過積分(collecting points)、打折(offering discounts)、返利(cash refund)、紅包等形式優(yōu)惠用戶通行。
2020年12月底前,基本實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)場(chǎng)、火車站、客運(yùn)站、港口碼頭等大型交通場(chǎng)站停車場(chǎng)景ETC服務(wù)全覆蓋(full coverage of ETC service at airports, railway stations, bus hubs and ports)。推廣ETC在居民小區(qū)、旅游景區(qū)等停車場(chǎng)景的應(yīng)用。
到2025年,全國(guó)ETC用戶數(shù)量將進(jìn)一步提升,建成技術(shù)先進(jìn)、制度完善、服務(wù)優(yōu)質(zhì)、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定的高速公路電子不停車快捷收費(fèi)體系(establishing an technologically advanced and stable electronic toll system for China's expressways that is well organized and able to provide quality services)。
新能源汽車 new energy vehicle
China has released a guideline to encourage the consumption of new energy vehicles (NEVs) to promote high-quality development of the sector and form a strong domestic market.
我國(guó)發(fā)布指導(dǎo)方案鼓勵(lì)新能源汽車銷售,促進(jìn)該行業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展,形成強(qiáng)大的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。
【名詞解釋】
新能源汽車(new energy vehicles,NEVs)指采用新型動(dòng)力系統(tǒng),完全或主要依靠新型能源驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車,具有能耗低(low energy consumption)、污染物排放少(low pollutant emission)等特點(diǎn),主要包括插電式混合動(dòng)力汽車(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,簡(jiǎn)稱PHEV)、純電動(dòng)汽車(battery electric vehicles ,簡(jiǎn)稱BEV)和燃料電池汽車(fuel-cell electric vehicles)。
方案提出,嚴(yán)禁各地出臺(tái)新的汽車限購(gòu)規(guī)定,堅(jiān)決破除乘用車消費(fèi)障礙。各地應(yīng)大力推動(dòng)新能源汽車消費(fèi)使用,不得對(duì)新能源汽車實(shí)行限行、限購(gòu)(local governments are strictly prohibited from imposing any limit on the consumption and use of NEVs),已實(shí)行的應(yīng)當(dāng)取消。
方案還提出鼓勵(lì)地方對(duì)無車家庭購(gòu)置首輛家用新能源汽車給予支持(support for the purchase of first NEVs of car-free families),鼓勵(lì)有條件的地方在停車費(fèi)等方面給予新能源汽車優(yōu)惠等。
此外,方案也提出了大幅降低新能源汽車成本(lower the cost of NEVs production)、穩(wěn)步推動(dòng)智能汽車創(chuàng)新發(fā)展(promote innovative development of smart vehicles)、持續(xù)提升汽車節(jié)能環(huán)保性能(increase energy efficiency)等方面的內(nèi)容。
寵物注射芯片 chipping pets
深圳市城市管理和綜合執(zhí)法局表示,2019年下半年,深圳將開始為全市所有犬只注射芯片。
The microchip is about the size of a grain of rice and inserted underneath the dog's skin right between the shoulder blades, according to Feng Zengjun, deputy director of Shenzhen Urban Administration and Law Enforcement Bureau. "The chip can migrate on the pet's body and poses no harm to the dogs."
深圳市城市管理和綜合執(zhí)法局副局長(zhǎng)馮增軍介紹,芯片只有米粒那么大,而犬只的皮和肉之間有空隙,芯片注射其中,可以在犬只的身上游走,不會(huì)對(duì)犬只造成傷害。
【單詞講解】
中文里,不同的名詞前面使用不用的量詞,在英語里也是一樣的。這里提到的“一粒米”用的是a grain of rice,其他常見的食品量詞,我們?cè)俣嘌a(bǔ)充幾個(gè):
a scoop of ice cream 一個(gè)冰淇淋球 (注意,不可用ball)
a slice of pizza 一塊披薩
a bar of chocolate 一塊巧克力
a loaf of bread 一個(gè)面包
a cube of sugar 一塊方糖
a handful of corn 一把玉米
a crate of bananas 一箱香蕉
a bunch of grapes 一串葡萄
a dash of salt 少量鹽
a clove of garlic 一瓣蒜
馮增軍表示,犬只注射芯片有不少好處,芯片證明了狗的唯一性,名貴犬只走丟,執(zhí)法人員發(fā)現(xiàn)后,一掃就知道基本信息(the basic information of each dog can be scanned),有助于失主快速尋回犬只。同時(shí),芯片也可督促養(yǎng)狗人盡責(zé)(remind owners to better discipline their dogs),犬只肇事后也跑不掉。
Shenzhen will also borrow experience from Hong Kong to establish pet corners across the city for dog lovers to communicate with each other.
深圳還將借鑒香港的經(jīng)驗(yàn),開辟寵物角,愛犬人士可以去那里遛狗、交流。
在為養(yǎng)犬人提供便利服務(wù)的同時(shí),城管部門也將嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法,全面規(guī)范養(yǎng)犬行為。“所有的犬只帶到戶外,必須牽繩(all dogs must be walked on leashes in the open air),同時(shí),也會(huì)嚴(yán)格查處犬只造成的環(huán)境污染,狗大小便需及時(shí)清理(dog droppings must be immediately cleaned)。”
安寧療護(hù) hospice care
China hopes to soon expand an end-of-life care program across the country after a successful pilot program, the National Health Commission said.
國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委表示,在前期試點(diǎn)成功的基礎(chǔ)上,我國(guó)有望盡快將安寧療護(hù)工作推廣到全國(guó)。
The pilot program was first launched in five cities and municipal districts, including Haidian District in Beijing, Putuo District in Shanghai and Changchun in the northeastern province of Jilin, in 2017.
安寧療護(hù)試點(diǎn)工作于2017年率先在全國(guó)5個(gè)市區(qū)展開,包括北京市海淀區(qū),上海市普陀區(qū)以及吉林省長(zhǎng)春市。
【名詞解釋】
安寧療護(hù)(hospice care/end-of-life care)是旨在為疾病終末期或老年患者在臨終前提供身體、心理、精神等方面的照料(attend to the physical, emotional and sometimes spiritual needs of the terminally ill or elderly patients)和人文關(guān)懷,控制痛苦和不適癥狀(focus on palliation of their pain and symptoms),提高生命質(zhì)量,幫助患者舒適、安祥、有尊嚴(yán)的離世(help them die with more comfort and dignity)。
“健康中國(guó)2030(Healthy China 2030)”規(guī)劃綱要當(dāng)中明確提出,要構(gòu)建治療期住院、康復(fù)期護(hù)理、穩(wěn)定期生活照料,以及安寧療護(hù)的綜合連續(xù)的老年健康服務(wù)體系(build a comprehensive and continuous elderly care service system that includes treatment, rehabilitation care,daily life care and hospice care)。
A total of 283,000 patients received end-of-life care across the country in 2018, according to an NHC meeting held on June 3.
國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委在6月3日的一次會(huì)議上指出,2018年,我國(guó)共有28.3萬人接受了安寧療護(hù)。
王海東稱,今年即將出臺(tái)建立完善老年健康服務(wù)體系的指導(dǎo)意見,安寧療護(hù)是其中一個(gè)重要方面,還要完善一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范,比如說要制定出臺(tái)安寧療護(hù)進(jìn)入的指導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、安寧療護(hù)用藥的指導(dǎo)、專家共識(shí)(guidelines for end-of-life care services that include access requirements, medication guides and other expertise)等等。
China had about 170 million people aged 65 or above as of the end of 2018, which accounted for nearly 12 percent of its total population.
截止2018年底,我國(guó)65歲以上人口約為1.7億,在總?cè)丝谥械恼急冉咏?2%。
Around 75 percent of China's elderly people suffered from chronic diseases.
我國(guó)慢病老年人占老年人口的比例約達(dá)到75%。
There are also 40 million disabled and semi-disabled seniors with an urgent demand for long-term care.
此外,我國(guó)還有4000萬失能及部分失能老人對(duì)長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)服務(wù)的要求非常迫切。