怎樣才能減肥？除了運(yùn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)食量對(duì)減肥能否成功的影響也很大。但可口的食物擺在那里，讓人欲罷不能怎么辦？告訴你個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單有效的辦法：站著吃！

Summertime is often filled with outdoor parties and food trucks, meaning you're spending more time standing up and eating. But if you want to actually enjoy your meal, researchers say you're better off finding a seat.

夏日時(shí)光往往離不開戶外派對(duì)和快餐車，這意味著你會(huì)花更多時(shí)間站著進(jìn)食。但研究人員表示，如果你想真正享受美食，最好還是坐下來。

A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Research finds posture impacts taste perception, with food tasting better when you're sitting down. Lead author Dipayan Biswas, PhD, professor of marketing at the University of South Florida, is an expert in cross-modal effects and looked specifically at how the vestibular sense, which is responsible for balance, posture and spatial orientation, interacts with the gustatory sensory system, which impacts taste and flavor.

發(fā)表在《消費(fèi)研究雜志》上的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，進(jìn)食姿勢(shì)會(huì)影響味覺感知，坐著的時(shí)候，食物的味道會(huì)更好一些。研究論文第一作者、南佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷學(xué)教授迪帕揚(yáng)·比斯瓦斯博士是跨感覺通道領(lǐng)域的專家，他專門研究了負(fù)責(zé)平衡、姿勢(shì)和空間定向的前庭覺與影響味道與口感的味覺系統(tǒng)的互動(dòng)機(jī)制。

cross-modal：交叉知覺模式的，兩感交叉的

vestibular[v?s't?bj?l?]：adj.前庭的

spatial orientation：空間定向

gustatory [g?'ste?t(?)r?; 'g?st?t(?)r?]：adj.味的，味覺的

He found that holding a standing posture for even a few minutes prompts physical stress, muting taste buds. The force of gravity pushes blood to the lower parts of the body, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood back up to the top of the body, accelerating heart rate. This activates the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and leads to increased concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol. This chain reaction reduces sensory sensitivity, which impacts food and beverage taste evaluation, food temperature perception and overall consumption volume.

他發(fā)現(xiàn)，保持站立姿勢(shì)僅幾分鐘就會(huì)引起身體緊張，從而屏蔽味蕾。重力把血液推向身體下部，要將血液輸送到身體上部，需要心臟更加用力，從而導(dǎo)致心率加快。這會(huì)激活下丘腦—垂體—腎上腺（HPA）軸，并導(dǎo)致壓力荷爾蒙皮質(zhì)醇濃度的上升。這種連鎖反應(yīng)將降低感覺的敏感性，后者會(huì)影響對(duì)餐飲口味的評(píng)價(jià)、對(duì)食物溫度的感知以及進(jìn)食總量。

mute [mju?t]：vt.減弱；使……柔和

cortisol['k??t?s?l]：n. [生化]皮質(zhì)醇

When people experience discomfort, foods that normally taste good do not appear as pleasant to the palate. Biswas confirmed his hypothesis by having 350 participants rate the tastiness of a pita chip. Those who were standing gave it a less favorable rating than those who were sitting in a padded chair.

當(dāng)人們感到不適時(shí)，美味的食物似乎不會(huì)帶來味蕾的愉悅。通過讓350名參與者評(píng)估一種皮塔餅的口感，比斯瓦斯證實(shí)了他的假設(shè)。那些站著進(jìn)食的人對(duì)這種食物的評(píng)價(jià)要比坐在坐墊椅上進(jìn)食的人差一些。

palate ['p?l?t]：n.味覺；

pita['pi:t?]：n.皮塔餅；圓面餅

Researchers then provided participants classic bite-sized brownies baked at a local restaurant that were tested and widely considered pleasant tasting. Those who were sitting down rated them to be most delicious. However, when the baker altered the recipe and made the taste unpleasant by adding an extra ? cup of salt, the results were opposite. Participants standing up didn't notice the brownies tasting saltier to that extent, and actually rated them to have a relatively more favorable taste perception than those who sampled them while sitting down.

隨后，研究人員向參與者提供了當(dāng)?shù)匾患也宛^制作的小塊布朗尼精品蛋糕，這些蛋糕經(jīng)過了試吃，人們普遍認(rèn)為很美味。那些坐著進(jìn)食的人對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)為最可口。不過，當(dāng)面包師改變配方，額外加入四分之一杯鹽而讓蛋糕變得難吃時(shí)，結(jié)果卻截然相反。站著進(jìn)食的參與者并沒有注意到布朗尼蛋糕的味道變咸了，實(shí)際上他們對(duì)改變了配方的蛋糕評(píng)價(jià)要高于那些坐著品嘗的參與者。

bite-sized['baitsaiz, 'baitsaizd]：adj.很小的

"This finding suggests that parents might be able to make unpleasant-tasting, healthy foods seem more palatable to reluctant children by having them eat standing up (vs. sitting down). In a similar vein, it might be beneficial to maintain a standing posture when consuming pharmaceutical products that have unpleasant tastes."

比斯瓦斯說：“這一研究結(jié)果表明，家長(zhǎng)或許可以讓不愿吃東西的孩子站著（而不是坐著）進(jìn)食，從而讓味道不好的健康食物顯得更加可口一些。同樣的道理，在吃味道不好的藥品時(shí)保持站姿也許是有益的?！?/p>

palatable ['p?l?t?b(?)l]：adj.美味的，可口的

in a similar vein：類似地，同樣地

Biswas expanded the study by inducing additional stress. He required the participants to try fruit snacks while carrying a shopping bag, mimicking what happens when one tries samples at a grocery store or in a food court. Both sitting and standing participants reported the additional weight made the food item taste even worse. This highlights the underlying mechanism related to physical stress driving the effects of posture on taste evaluations.

比斯瓦斯通過誘發(fā)額外壓力擴(kuò)展了研究的范圍。他要求參與者在攜帶購物袋的情況下品嘗水果點(diǎn)心，以模擬在雜貨店或食品店品嘗食物樣品時(shí)的情形。坐著和站著進(jìn)食的參與者都表示，額外的負(fù)重使食物的味道變差了。這凸顯了一種與身體壓力相關(guān)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制，而使得姿勢(shì)對(duì)味覺評(píng)估產(chǎn)生影響的正是身體壓力。

mimic['m?m?k]：vt.模仿，摹擬

In addition, the team tested posture's impact on temperature perception. Participants were provided cups of hot coffee. Those standing up reported it not being as intense as those who were sitting down. However, they drank less than those sitting, suggesting physical stress suppresses appetite. Eating while standing can also help with long-term weight loss goals. Specifically, eating while standing (vs. sitting) leads to lower amount of consumption. Moreover, a standing position leads to greater physical stress, which in turn makes the heart pump more blood.

此外，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還測(cè)試了姿勢(shì)對(duì)溫度感知的影響。參與者拿到了熱咖啡，站著喝咖啡的人所評(píng)估的咖啡溫度要低于坐著喝的人。不過他們喝掉的咖啡要比坐著的人少一些，這表明身體壓力會(huì)抑制食欲。站著進(jìn)食還有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期減肥目標(biāo)。具體來說，站著吃飯（與坐著吃飯相比）會(huì)導(dǎo)致進(jìn)食量較少。此外，站立姿勢(shì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致更大的身體壓力，這相應(yīng)地會(huì)使心臟泵出更多的血液。

來源：每日科學(xué)網(wǎng)站、參考消息網(wǎng)

翻譯&編輯：yaning