2019年5月新聞熱詞匯總
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2019-06-01 10:05
步行友好性 walkability
In its assessments, Zhongguancun Street in Beijing's Haidian district was the most walker-friendly of the 71 urban centers in the 50 major cities evaluated.
這項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)涵蓋了全國(guó)50個(gè)主要城市的71個(gè)城市中心,其中,北京市海淀區(qū)的中關(guān)村街道對(duì)行人最友好。
【單詞講解】
后綴形式-friendly表示“對(duì)...友好的、適合...的”,近幾年使用率頗高,比如,user-friendly(用戶友好的)、environment-friendly(對(duì)環(huán)境友好的;環(huán)保的)、children-friendly(對(duì)兒童友好的;適合兒童的)等。
報(bào)告指出,步行友好性(walkability)是宜居城市的重要指標(biāo)之一(an important indicator of its livability)。步行友好的街道(a walking friendly street)不僅應(yīng)有平整的鋪裝(smoothly surfaced)和遮陰的行道樹(shù)(shade trees),讓市民行走時(shí)感到安全舒適,在街道兩側(cè)還應(yīng)有商店、餐館等便民服務(wù)設(shè)施(accessible amenities)。
此次報(bào)告選取了包括直轄市、省會(huì)和地級(jí)市在內(nèi)的50個(gè)城市,涉及城市中居住、就業(yè)和休閑功能分布最密集的核心區(qū),稱之為“城市活力中心”(city center/downtown)。通過(guò)對(duì)城市活力中心內(nèi)街道環(huán)境的9項(xiàng)指標(biāo)打分,得出街道環(huán)境指數(shù)。這9項(xiàng)指標(biāo)包括步道無(wú)長(zhǎng)期占道(footpaths free of long-time occupation)、過(guò)街設(shè)施(pedestrian crossings)、步道寬度適宜(footpaths of reasonable width)、機(jī)非隔離設(shè)施(buffers between the street and the sidewalk)、專用自行車(chē)道(bike lanes)、街道家具(street furniture)等。
在9項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中,步道無(wú)長(zhǎng)期占道、過(guò)街設(shè)施和步道寬度適宜是3項(xiàng)專家打分權(quán)重最高的指標(biāo)(the most weighted three indicators),主要考察街道基本環(huán)境要素。單從這3項(xiàng)指標(biāo)看,上海九江路和北京國(guó)貿(mào)CBD得分最高。此外,中關(guān)村在專用自行車(chē)道的得分上遙遙領(lǐng)先于其他城市活力中心(Zhongguancun Street scored the highest for its bike lane, way ahead of other city centers)。
與最好走街道屈指可數(shù)的情況相反,在71個(gè)城市活力中心的1.2萬(wàn)條道路中,最難走的道路(the most walker-unfriendly streets)有1329條,占所有測(cè)算范圍內(nèi)道路長(zhǎng)度的8.1%。
王源抽煙 Wang Yuan smoking
The footage and accompanying screenshots shared to microblogging platform Weibo on Tuesday morning, which show the singer also known as Roy Wang smoking a cigarette, quickly inspired a hashtag translating to “Wang Yuan smoking,” which had over 1 billion views by that evening.
王源吸煙的視頻和截圖21日上午在微博發(fā)布后,迅速引發(fā)了#王源抽煙#熱門(mén)話題標(biāo)簽,當(dāng)晚,該話題閱讀量已經(jīng)超過(guò)10億。
【單詞講解】
Hashtag原本指“井號(hào)(#)”,在社交媒體平臺(tái)多用來(lái)標(biāo)注某個(gè)話題,也稱為“話題標(biāo)簽”。微博上常見(jiàn)的一些跟話題相關(guān)的功能有:熱搜榜(most searched hashtags)、熱門(mén)話題榜(most popular hashtags)等。
如果要表達(dá)“某個(gè)話題在微博上瘋傳”就可以用很經(jīng)典的句式the hashtag went viral on Weibo來(lái)表示。
21日下午2點(diǎn)44分,王源在微博上就此事公開(kāi)道歉。
Wang issued an apology on his Weibo account, saying he had set a “bad example” and would accept any punishment handed down to him for the incident.
王源在微博上公開(kāi)道歉,稱自己做了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的示范,會(huì)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任并接受處罰。
He apologized for the potential negative influence from his misbehavior, promising better behavior in the future.
他表示,對(duì)自己造成的不良社會(huì)影響,感到十分抱歉和愧疚,今后一定會(huì)更加注重自身的言行。
The Beijing Center of Health Supervision warned punishment would follow if they can confirm these violations, adding the matter has been under investigation in a post released on its official Sina Weibo account.
北京市衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督中心在官方微博上表示,正在對(duì)此事進(jìn)行核實(shí)調(diào)查,如果情況屬實(shí),將依法進(jìn)行處罰。
隨后朝陽(yáng)區(qū)衛(wèi)監(jiān)所對(duì)位于工人體育館附近的“桐壽司”進(jìn)行執(zhí)法檢查。
執(zhí)法人員現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn),餐廳沒(méi)有禁止吸煙的標(biāo)識(shí)(they can't find any "no smoking" sign at the restaurant),也沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的禁止吸煙管理制度,違反了相關(guān)要求。朝陽(yáng)區(qū)衛(wèi)監(jiān)所責(zé)令該餐廳限期改正(order correction within a specified time limit),整改期間如果仍有問(wèn)題,將依法進(jìn)行處理。
2015年6月1日起施行的《北京市控制吸煙條例》規(guī)定的禁煙范圍:
公共場(chǎng)所、工作場(chǎng)所的室內(nèi)區(qū)域以及公共交通工具(indoor public places, workplaces and public transport facilities);
幼兒園、中小學(xué)校、少年宮、兒童福利機(jī)構(gòu)等以未成年人為主要活動(dòng)人群的場(chǎng)所(places where minors frequently visit);
對(duì)社會(huì)開(kāi)放的文物保護(hù)單位(cultural relic protection units open to the public);
體育場(chǎng)、健身場(chǎng)的比賽區(qū)和坐席區(qū)(competition area and audience area of stadiums and gymnasiums);
婦幼保健機(jī)構(gòu)、兒童醫(yī)院的室外區(qū)域(outdoor areas at maternal and child care institutes and children's hospitals)。
條例規(guī)定,個(gè)人違反本條例規(guī)定,在禁止吸煙場(chǎng)所或者排隊(duì)等候隊(duì)伍中吸煙的,由市或者區(qū)、縣衛(wèi)生計(jì)生行政部門(mén)責(zé)令改正,可以處50元罰款;拒不改正的,處200元罰款(individuals who smoke at smoke-free areas will be fined 50 yuan, and the fine rises to 200 yuan if the violators refuse to correct their behavior)。
禁煙場(chǎng)所經(jīng)營(yíng)者發(fā)現(xiàn)客人吸煙而不勸阻的,由市或者區(qū)、縣衛(wèi)生計(jì)生行政部門(mén)處5000元以上1萬(wàn)元以下罰款。
候補(bǔ)購(gòu)票服務(wù) waitlist function
Starting from May 22, the waitlist function previously trialed on some rail routes will be available to all passenger trains in China.
5月22日起,此前在部分鐵路線路上試用的候補(bǔ)購(gòu)票功能將對(duì)所有旅客列車(chē)開(kāi)放。
候補(bǔ)購(gòu)票服務(wù)(waitlist function)是指在通過(guò)12306網(wǎng)站和APP購(gòu)票時(shí),如遇所需車(chē)次、席別無(wú)票(when the desired ticket is sold out),可自愿按日期、車(chē)次、席別、預(yù)付款提交購(gòu)票需求(submit a ticket order and pay in advance),售票系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)排隊(duì)候補(bǔ)(the system will put the order in a waiting list),當(dāng)對(duì)應(yīng)的車(chē)次、席別有退票時(shí),系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)兌現(xiàn)車(chē)票(should there be ticket cancellation that matches your order, the system will automatically confirm it),并將購(gòu)票結(jié)果通知購(gòu)票人。
據(jù)悉,為了保證候補(bǔ)需求的真實(shí)性,在申請(qǐng)?jiān)擁?xiàng)服務(wù)前,用戶需進(jìn)行人證一致性核驗(yàn)。
每位用戶可提交1個(gè)候補(bǔ)訂單(each user can only submit one order in the waiting list),每筆候補(bǔ)訂單中乘車(chē)人不超過(guò)3人。1個(gè)訂單中可添加發(fā)到站相同(可以是同城的不同車(chē)站)的2個(gè)相鄰的乘車(chē)日期,每個(gè)乘車(chē)日期可添加2個(gè)不同“車(chē)次+席別”的組合需求。
值得注意的是,候補(bǔ)購(gòu)票預(yù)付款按該單不同組合需求中票款的最高額度計(jì)算(臥鋪按下鋪票價(jià)計(jì)算)。
Users will have to prepay the maximum price for the waitlisted tickets, and once their tickets are confirmed, the price difference will be refunded if there is any. If they failed to get tickets, the system will give them a full refund.
用戶候補(bǔ)購(gòu)票預(yù)付款按該單不同組合需求中票款的最高額度計(jì)算,購(gòu)票成功后,如有差價(jià),系統(tǒng)會(huì)退還,如果購(gòu)票失敗,系統(tǒng)會(huì)全額退款。
用戶主動(dòng)終止或系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)終止候補(bǔ)的,系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)原額退還預(yù)付款。
人均預(yù)期壽命 average life expectancy
The average life expectancy of Chinese people rose 42 years, from 35 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2018, according to a statistics communique recently released by the National Health Commission.
國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)顯示,我國(guó)居民人均預(yù)期壽命由1949年的35歲增長(zhǎng)到2018年的77歲,增加了42歲。
【名詞解釋】
人均預(yù)期壽命(average life expectancy)是指在一定死亡水平下,預(yù)期每個(gè)人出生時(shí)平均可存活的年數(shù)(the average time a person is expected to live based on the year of his/her birth)。人均預(yù)期壽命是度量人口健康狀況最重要的指標(biāo)(an important marker of the overall health of a society),也是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平及醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)水平的綜合指標(biāo)(a composite indicator of national or regional social economic development and health care service quality)。
國(guó)際上衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家居民健康水平的指標(biāo)主要是人均預(yù)期壽命(average life expectancy)、嬰兒死亡率(infant mortality rate)和孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率(maternal mortality rate)。
From 2017 to 2018, the infant mortality rate has dropped from 6.8 to 6.1 deaths per 1,000 live births, while the maternal mortality rate decreased from 19.6 to 18.3 per 100,000 births, said the government statistics.
統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,2017年至2018年,嬰兒死亡率從6.8‰下降到6.1‰,孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率從19.6/10萬(wàn)下降到18.3/10萬(wàn)。
統(tǒng)計(jì)還顯示,2018年鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院和社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心(站)門(mén)診量(outpatient treatments at primary-level clinics)達(dá)19.2億人次,比上年增加0.4億人次?;踞t(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)保補(bǔ)貼(per capita basic medical insurance subsidy for urban and rural residents)有所增加。
國(guó)際疾病分類 International Classification of Diseases(ICD)
The World Health Organization (WHO) has for the first time included a chapter about traditional medicines that originated from ancient China in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). The revision will come into effect on January 1, 2022.
世界衛(wèi)生組織在《國(guó)際疾病分類第十一次修訂本(ICD-11)》中首次納入起源于古代中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)章節(jié),該修訂本將于2022年1月1日起實(shí)施。
國(guó)際疾病分類(International Classification of Diseases,ICD)是世界衛(wèi)生組織制定頒布的、國(guó)際統(tǒng)一的疾病分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(the international standard for reporting diseases and health conditions),是各國(guó)政府在醫(yī)療、管理、教學(xué)和科研及制定政策中關(guān)于疾病分類的規(guī)范性標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是全球衛(wèi)生健康領(lǐng)域具有權(quán)威性的基礎(chǔ)和通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。
世界衛(wèi)生組織《總干事報(bào)告》指出,ICD-11 包括一個(gè)題為“傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)病證——模塊 1(Traditional medicine conditions – Module 1)”的備用補(bǔ)充章節(jié),將起源于古代中國(guó)且當(dāng)前在中國(guó)、日本、韓國(guó)和其它國(guó)家普遍使用的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)病證進(jìn)行了分類(classifies traditional medicine conditions that originated in ancient China and are now commonly used in China, Japan, Republic of Korea and other countries)。將有關(guān)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的補(bǔ)充章節(jié)納入《國(guó)際疾病分類》將使我們第一次能夠計(jì)數(shù)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)服務(wù)和就醫(yī)情況,測(cè)量其形式、頻率、有效性、安全性、質(zhì)量、結(jié)果及費(fèi)用(the measurement of their form, frequency, effectiveness, safety, quality, outcomes, cost),與主流醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)行對(duì)比(comparison with mainstream medicine),且因?yàn)樵趪?guó)家和國(guó)際層面都使用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義而可以開(kāi)展研究。
傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)150條疾病(diseases)和196條證候(disorders)條目納入傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)章節(jié),像“陰虛(yin deficiency)”“陽(yáng)虛(yang deficiency)”等描述中醫(yī)證候的詞匯均在列。
中醫(yī)界人士表示,中醫(yī)專家對(duì)相關(guān)國(guó)際法規(guī)體系及制定過(guò)程并不熟悉,而外國(guó)專家對(duì)中醫(yī)藥也不很熟悉,因此,充分溝通增進(jìn)了解十分關(guān)鍵。
"The release of ICD-11 can help China establish a disease statistics network with the country's TCM health service information according to international standards," said Zhang Boli, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, also president of the Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
中國(guó)工程院院士、天津中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)張伯禮說(shuō):“《國(guó)際疾病分類第十一次修訂本(ICD-11)》的正式發(fā)布有助于我國(guó)建立與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相銜接并體現(xiàn)我國(guó)中醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生服務(wù)信息的疾病統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。”