2019年5月新聞熱詞匯總
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2019-06-01 10:05
違法收集個(gè)人信息 illegally collecting personal information
據(jù)國(guó)家網(wǎng)信辦官網(wǎng)消息,《App違法違規(guī)收集使用個(gè)人信息行為認(rèn)定方法(征求意見(jiàn)稿)》自5月5日起公開(kāi)征求社會(huì)意見(jiàn)。App哪些收集個(gè)人信息的行為屬違法違規(guī),將有明確界定。
Illegal behaviors include failing to remind users to read privacy policies when they install or use the apps, and collecting personal information for illegitimate purposes.
違法行為包括,在用戶安裝或使用app時(shí)沒(méi)有提醒用戶閱讀隱私政策,以及出于非法用途收集用戶個(gè)人信息。
按照征求意見(jiàn)稿,App違法違規(guī)收集個(gè)人信息共分為7種情形,包括:
沒(méi)有公開(kāi)收集使用規(guī)則(failing to publicly display rules of information collection and use),
沒(méi)有明示收集使用個(gè)人信息的目的、方式和范圍(failing to clarify the purpose, method and scope of personal information collection),
未經(jīng)同意收集使用個(gè)人信息(collecting personal information without the users' consent),
違反必要性原則收集與其提供的服務(wù)無(wú)關(guān)的個(gè)人信息(collecting personal information that is not related to the functioning of the app),
未經(jīng)同意向他人提供個(gè)人信息(providing users' personal information to others without the users' consent),
未按法律規(guī)定提供刪除或更正個(gè)人信息功能(failing to provide features of deleting or modifying personal information),
侵犯未成年人在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間合法權(quán)益(infringing legal rights and interests of minors in cyberspace)。
征求意見(jiàn)稿提出,
App收集使用信息的目的違反合法、正當(dāng)、必要原則,如僅僅以改善程序功能、提高用戶體驗(yàn)、定向推送等為目的收集用戶個(gè)人信息(collecting personal information only for the purpose of improving app functions and user experience, and targeted push);
在申請(qǐng)可收集個(gè)人信息的權(quán)限時(shí),未告知收集使用的目的(failing to clarify the purpose of information collection while asking for users' authorization),如在申請(qǐng)調(diào)閱通訊錄時(shí)沒(méi)有說(shuō)明原因;
每次要求用戶提供個(gè)人敏感信息時(shí),如身份證號(hào)、銀行卡號(hào)等,未同步實(shí)時(shí)說(shuō)明原因等也都將視為違法違規(guī)行為(failing to specify why they are asking users for sensitive information, such as an ID number or credit card number)。
此外,未經(jīng)同意就開(kāi)始收集個(gè)人信息;用戶明確拒絕后,仍收集個(gè)人信息;未提供更正、刪除個(gè)人信息,注銷用戶賬號(hào)的功能;需人工處理的,受理后未在承諾時(shí)限內(nèi)(無(wú)承諾時(shí)限的,以15個(gè)工作日為限)完成核查和處理的情形,也屬于違法違規(guī)行為。
國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū) National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone
The Implementation Plan for the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone (Hainan) vows to bring about a new pattern of harmonious coexistence of man and nature in China's modernization drive and write a chapter of Hainan for building a Beautiful China.
《國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)(海南)實(shí)施方案》提出要推動(dòng)形成人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新格局,譜寫美麗中國(guó)海南篇章。
方案提出的戰(zhàn)略定位是,將海南打造成生態(tài)文明體制改革樣板區(qū)(model zone for institutional reform of ecological progress)、陸海統(tǒng)籌保護(hù)發(fā)展實(shí)踐區(qū)(area for coordinated land and marine development)、生態(tài)價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制試驗(yàn)區(qū)(pilot zone for ecological value realization mechanism)及清潔能源優(yōu)先發(fā)展示范區(qū)(demonstration zone for prioritized development of clean energy)。
方案設(shè)定的主要目標(biāo)包括:
By 2020, significant progress will have been made in the building of the pilot zone in Hainan, where the proportion of days with good air quality in cities remains above 98 percent, and the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter, or PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter), are not higher than 18 micrograms per cubic meter, according to the document.
到2020年,試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)取得重大進(jìn)展,城鎮(zhèn)空氣質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良天數(shù)比例保持在98%以上,細(xì)顆粒物(PM2.5)年均濃度不高于18微克/立方米并力爭(zhēng)進(jìn)一步下降。
Energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product will decrease by 10 percent compared with 2015, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross regional product will decrease by 12 percent compared with 2015, it adds.
單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗比2015年下降10%,單位地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2015年下降12%。
The plan foresees that by 2035, the environmental quality and the resource utilization efficiency will be of world leading level in the pilot zone.
到2035年,試驗(yàn)區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量和資源利用效率居于世界領(lǐng)先水平。
非正常營(yíng)銷手段 abnormal promotion methods
WeChat announced Monday that it will crack down on “abnormal promotion methods,” including vendors who ask users to share or advertise their goods on the platform in exchange for discounts or other incentives.
5月13日,微信宣布將對(duì)“非正常營(yíng)銷手段”進(jìn)行治理,這類營(yíng)銷手段包括,商家要求用戶在微信平臺(tái)分享和推廣其產(chǎn)品以獲得折扣或其他形式的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
【單詞講解】
Crack down on這個(gè)短語(yǔ)在新聞報(bào)道中很常見(jiàn),一般表示“打擊、治理”等意思,比如:crack down on organized crime(打擊有組織犯罪)、 crack down on illegal guns(打擊非法槍支)等;如果表示“打擊”這個(gè)行為則可以用名詞形式crackdown,比如: organized crime crackdown或者crackdown on organized crime。
微信發(fā)布公告稱,近期某些公眾號(hào)、應(yīng)用軟件等主體通過(guò)返學(xué)費(fèi)(cash rewards)、送實(shí)物(in-kind rewards)等方式,利誘微信用戶分享其鏈接(包括二維碼圖片等)到朋友圈打卡(entice users to share promotional links on their WeChat Moments)。
公告指出,誘導(dǎo)分享為非正常營(yíng)銷行為,嚴(yán)重破壞正常的朋友圈體驗(yàn)。一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),微信團(tuán)隊(duì)將進(jìn)行如下處理:
包括但不限于停止鏈接內(nèi)容在朋友圈繼續(xù)傳播、停止對(duì)相關(guān)域名或IP地址進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)(deny access to related domain names or IP addresses),封禁相關(guān)開(kāi)放平臺(tái)賬號(hào)或應(yīng)用的分享接口(block sharing interfaces of related accounts or apps);
對(duì)重復(fù)多次違規(guī)及對(duì)抗行為的違規(guī)主體,將采取階梯式處理機(jī)制,包括但不限于下調(diào)每日分享限額(decrease daily sharing quota)、限制使用微信登錄功能接口(restrict access to WeChat login interface)、永久封禁賬號(hào)、域名、IP地址或分享接口(permanently block accounts, domain names, IP addresses or sharing interfaces);
對(duì)涉嫌使用微信外掛并通過(guò)微信群實(shí)施誘導(dǎo)用戶分享的個(gè)人賬號(hào)(personal accounts that entice users to share in WeChat groups),將根據(jù)違規(guī)嚴(yán)重程度對(duì)該微信賬號(hào)進(jìn)行階梯式處罰。
不文明乘車行為 uncivil behaviors
According to the regulations, passengers except for infants and those with medical conditions will not be allowed to eat or drink on the subway.
守則規(guī)定,除嬰兒、病人外,乘客不得在列車車廂內(nèi)進(jìn)食。
根據(jù)上述文件,在地鐵車廂內(nèi)進(jìn)食屬不文明乘車行為,如勸阻制止不聽(tīng),地鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)單位有權(quán)拒絕提供乘車服務(wù)(violators who refuse to stop such behavior despite dissuasion will be denied boarding)。交通執(zhí)法部門可將這種行為納入個(gè)人信用不良信息(such behavior will be recorded in personal credit system)。
除了進(jìn)食以外,規(guī)定中還列出了以下會(huì)被記入個(gè)人信用不良信息的不文明乘車行為:
采取違規(guī)進(jìn)出閘機(jī)、偽造變?cè)炱笨ǖ确绞教咏黄笨睿╢are dodging);
在列車車廂內(nèi)一人占用多個(gè)座位(one person occupying multiple seats);
推銷產(chǎn)品或從事?tīng)I(yíng)銷活動(dòng)(marketing activities);
大聲外放視頻或音樂(lè)(playing videos or music without wearing headphones)。
值得注意的是,因不文明乘車行為(uncivil behaviors)記錄個(gè)人信用不良信息的行為人,可以通過(guò)主動(dòng)參加軌道交通志愿服務(wù)進(jìn)行不良信息修復(fù)(wrongdoers can apply to correct the credit record by volunteering in rail transit services)。
此外,個(gè)人認(rèn)為信用不良信息有誤的,也可以向市交通執(zhí)法部門申請(qǐng)個(gè)人信用不良信息復(fù)核(apply to review the record),市交通執(zhí)法部門將進(jìn)行核查并作出處理。
押金退還 deposit refund
The regulation is designed to prevent risk to users' money, strengthen protection of their rights and interests, and promote the healthy and stable development of emerging forms of transportation, the Transport Ministry said in a statement.
交通運(yùn)輸部表示,該管理辦法旨在防范用戶資金出現(xiàn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),加強(qiáng)用戶權(quán)益保障,促進(jìn)交通運(yùn)輸新業(yè)態(tài)健康穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。
該辦法所稱交通運(yùn)輸新業(yè)態(tài)(emerging forms of transportation)包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車(online taxi-hailing)、汽車分時(shí)租賃(俗稱“共享汽車” car sharing)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)租賃自行車(俗稱“共享單車” bike sharing)等。自2019年6月1日起實(shí)施。
【單詞講解】
Emerging在這里表示“新興的,新出現(xiàn)的”,與我們此前見(jiàn)過(guò)的emerging industry(新興產(chǎn)業(yè))、emerging countries(新興國(guó)家)等用法一致。這個(gè)詞的動(dòng)詞形式emerge除了表示“顯露、出現(xiàn)”的意思之外,還可以表示“(從困境或不好的經(jīng)歷中)擺脫出來(lái),熬出來(lái)”,比如:There is growing evidence that the economy is at last emerging from recession.(有越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明經(jīng)濟(jì)終于開(kāi)始擺脫蕭條。)
管理辦法要求,運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)原則上不收取用戶押金,確有必要收取的,應(yīng)當(dāng)基于協(xié)議(any deposits should be based on agreements),提供運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)專用存款賬戶(special deposit account)和用戶個(gè)人銀行結(jié)算賬戶(personal settlement account)兩種資金存管方式,供用戶選擇。用戶押金歸用戶所有,運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)不得挪用(companies may not misappropriate deposit funds)。
在押金數(shù)額上,管理辦法要求汽車分時(shí)租賃的單份押金金額不得超過(guò)運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)投入運(yùn)營(yíng)車輛平均單車成本價(jià)格的2%(a deposit no more than 2% of the average cost of a car);互聯(lián)網(wǎng)租賃自行車的單份押金金額不得超過(guò)運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)投入運(yùn)營(yíng)車輛平均單車成本價(jià)格的10%(a deposit no more than 10% of the average cost of a single bike)。
管理辦法明確了押金最長(zhǎng)退還期限(the maximum period for deposit refund)。汽車分時(shí)租賃、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)租賃自行車押金最長(zhǎng)退款周期分別不超過(guò)15個(gè)工作日、 2個(gè)工作日。
為保障用戶權(quán)益,管理辦法規(guī)定,對(duì)符合約定預(yù)付資金退還條件的(eligible refund applications),運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)不得拒絕、拖延退還(companies should not refuse or delay refunding)。