3月，全國兩會召開，外商投資法提交大會審議并通過；習近平主席出訪意大利、摩納哥和法國；海南宣布在2030年全面禁售燃油車；中央宣布2019年為“基層減負年”；國家移民管理局宣布中華人民共和國普通護照、往來港澳通行證、往來臺灣通行證等出入境證件實行“全國通辦”；蘋果春季發(fā)布會推出一系列應用服務產品；國家網(wǎng)信辦指導短視頻平臺試點“青少年模式”，推進防沉迷系統(tǒng)建設。

兩會 two sessions

今年全國兩會期間，習近平主席六次下團組強調了這幾件事。

關鍵詞：文化自信 cultural confidence
時間：3月4日
地點：看望全國政協(xié)十三屆二次會議的文化藝術界、社會科學界委員

“習”語回顧：
Writers, artists and theorists should strengthen cultural confidence, serve the people with fine works, and guide the public with high moral standards.
文學家、藝術家、理論家要堅定文化自信、以精品奉獻人民、用明德引領風尚。

A country, or a nation, cannot be devoid of soul. The mission of workers in culture, literature, art and philosophy and social sciences is to nurture the root and soul of the nation.
一個國家、一個民族不能沒有靈魂。文化文藝工作、哲學社會科學工作就屬于培根鑄魂的工作。

Cultural, literary and artistic workers should participate in practices, carefully observe people's lives and express people's aspirations.
文化文藝工作者要走進實踐深處，觀照人民生活，表達人民心聲。

The people should be provided with quality products, all valuable and meaningful literary and artistic works and academic research should reflect reality and be conducive to solving real problems and answering real questions.
要堅持以精品奉獻人民。一切有價值、有意義的文藝創(chuàng)作和學術研究，都應該反映現(xiàn)實，都應該有利于解決現(xiàn)實問題、回答現(xiàn)實課題。

All practitioners in culture, literature, art, philosophy and social sciences shoulder the important tasks of enlightening thoughts, nurturing sentiments and warming hearts. They should set an example for society with lofty aspirations, good morals and noble sentiments.
文化文藝工作者、哲學社會科學工作者都肩負著啟迪思想、陶冶情操、溫潤心靈的重要職責，大家理應以高遠志向、良好品德、高尚情操為社會作出表率。

關鍵詞：生態(tài)文明 ecological civilization
時間：3月5日
地點：十三屆全國人大二次會議內蒙古代表團

“習”語回顧：
Building Inner Mongolia into an important shield for ecological security in northern China is a strategic position set with full consideration of the country's overall development and a major responsibility the region must shoulder.
把內蒙古建成我國北方重要生態(tài)安全屏障，是立足全國發(fā)展大局確立的戰(zhàn)略定位，也是內蒙古必須自覺擔負起的重大責任。

Fundamentally speaking, environmental protection and economic development are closely integrated and complement each other.
保護生態(tài)環(huán)境和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟從根本上講是有機統(tǒng)一、相輔相成的。

In the Chinese economy's transition from the phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development, pollution control and environmental governance are two major tasks that must be accomplished.
在我國經(jīng)濟由高速增長階段轉向高質量發(fā)展階段過程中，污染防治和環(huán)境治理是需要跨越的一道重要關口。

The country should explore a new path of high-quality development that prioritizes ecology and highlights green development.
要探索以生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展為導向的高質量發(fā)展新路子。

關鍵詞：脫貧攻堅 fight against poverty
時間：3月7日
地點：十三屆全國人大二次會議甘肅代表團

“習”語回顧：
We need perseverance in the fight against poverty as there are only two years left for the country to meet its goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2020. There should be no retreat until a complete victory is won.
現(xiàn)在距離2020年完成脫貧攻堅目標任務只有兩年時間，正是最吃勁的時候，必須堅持不懈做好工作，不獲全勝、決不收兵。

The practices of formalities for formalities' sake and bureaucratism hamper the effective advancement of poverty reduction. We should keep a firm hand in rectifying malpractices in poverty relief.
要整治問題不手軟。脫貧攻堅工作中存在的形式主義、官僚主義現(xiàn)象，影響脫貧攻堅有效推進。

More efforts are needed to redress undesirable conduct of officials in a timely manner, as well as special campaigns to target corruption and bad conduct in poverty reduction.
要及時糾正脫貧攻堅中反映的干部作風問題，深化扶貧領域腐敗和作風問題專項治理。

關鍵詞：鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略 rural revitalization strategy
時間：3月8日
地點：十三屆全國人大二次會議河南代表團

“習”語回顧：
Efforts should be made to promote the supply-side structural reform in the agricultural sector to achieve food security while building a modern and efficient agriculture.
要推進農業(yè)供給側結構性改革。實現(xiàn)糧食安全和現(xiàn)代高效農業(yè)相統(tǒng)一。

Measures should be taken to promote two-way flow and equal exchange of factors, including human resources, lands and capital, between urban and rural areas.
推動人才、土地、資本等要素在城鄉(xiāng)間雙向流動和平等交換。

Implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and seeking progress in work related with agriculture, rural areas and farmers should be taken into consideration and promoted in the overall economic and social development.
要把實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略、做好“三農”工作放在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展全局中統(tǒng)籌謀劃和推進。

關鍵詞：創(chuàng)新發(fā)展 innovative development
時間：3月10日
地點：十三屆全國人大二次會議福建代表團

“習”語回顧：
China should seek momentum from reform and opening up, unleash to the maximum the whole society's power for innovation, entrepreneurship and creativity, and keep improving the country's influence and competitiveness in a world that is undergoing profound changes.
要向改革開放要動力，最大限度釋放全社會創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)造動能，不斷增強我國在世界大變局中的影響力、競爭力。

We should create favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and young people, and establish an acceleration mechanism for high-tech companies.
要為中小企業(yè)、年輕人發(fā)展提供有利條件，為高技術企業(yè)成長建立加速機制。
The government should help private companies achieve innovative development and build up a team of entrepreneurs with a pioneering spirit, forward-looking vision and global insight with respect to market competition.
幫助民營企業(yè)實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，在市場競爭中打造一支有開拓精神、前瞻眼光、國際視野的企業(yè)家隊伍。

Fujian must leverage the combined strengths of the special economic zone, pilot free trade zone, comprehensive experimental zone and the core zone of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and keep exploring new approaches.
福建要發(fā)揮經(jīng)濟特區(qū)、自由貿易試驗區(qū)、綜合實驗區(qū)、21世紀海上絲綢之路核心區(qū)等多區(qū)疊加優(yōu)勢，不斷探索新路。

The two sides of the Taiwan Strait should enhance economic and trade cooperation, infrastructure connectivity, energy and resource exchanges, and shared industry standards.
兩岸要應通盡通，提升經(jīng)貿合作暢通、基礎設施聯(lián)通、能源資源互通、行業(yè)標準共通。

關鍵詞：軍隊建設 military development
時間：3月12日
地點：十三屆全國人大二次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團

“習”語回顧：
The entire armed forces must clearly understand the importance and urgency of implementing the 13th Five-Year Plan for military development, firm up their resolve, intensify the sense of mission, forge ahead with a pioneering spirit, and go all out to carry out the plan so as to ensure that the set targets and tasks are fulfilled as scheduled.
全軍要認清落實“十三五”規(guī)劃的重要性和緊迫性，堅定決心意志，強化使命擔當，銳意開拓進取，全力以赴打好規(guī)劃落實攻堅戰(zhàn)，確保如期完成既定目標任務。

The whole army should adhere to the guidance of the thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, fully implement the Party's thinking on strengthening the military for the new era and the military strategy for new conditions, concentrate on war preparedness, and intensify reform and innovation.
全軍要堅持以新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，深入貫徹新時代黨的強軍思想，深入貫徹新時代軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，聚力備戰(zhàn)打仗，強化改革創(chuàng)新。

Focusing on the overall layout of the plan, the military should give prominence to key projects including urgent necessities for military preparedness, crucial support for combat systems, and coordinated projects for the reform of national defense and armed forces.
要圍繞規(guī)劃明確的總體布局，突出抓好軍事斗爭準備急需、作戰(zhàn)體系關鍵支撐、國防和軍隊改革配套等重點項目。

The formulation of the 14th Five-Year Plan for military development should serve the demands of the national development, security and military strategies, and should take into account both the actual condition and long-term development needs.
軍隊建設“十四五”規(guī)劃論證編制工作，要適應國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、安全戰(zhàn)略、軍事戰(zhàn)略要求，統(tǒng)籌當前建設實際和長遠發(fā)展需要。

外商投資法 foreign investment law

The foreign investment law, once adopted, will become a new and fundamental law for China's foreign investment, says the explanation delivered by Wang Chen, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, to deputies attending an NPC plenary session.
全國人大常委會副委員長王晨在關于中華人民共和國外商投資法草案的說明指出，外商投資法通過后，將成為我國外商投資領域新的基礎性法律。

關于外商投資的界定，草案做了如下界定，

外商投資（foreign investment）即外國的自然人、企業(yè)或者其他組織直接或者間接在中國境內進行的投資活動（investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign natural persons, enterprises and other organizations），包括以下四類具體情形：

一是外國投資者單獨或者與其他投資者共同在中國境內設立外商投資企業(yè)（a foreign investor establishes a foreign-funded enterprise independently or together with any other investor）；

二是外國投資者取得中國境內企業(yè)的股份、股權、財產份額或者其他類似權益（a foreign investor acquires shares, equities, property shares or any other similar rights and interests of an enterprise within the territory of China）；

三是外國投資者單獨或者與其他投資者共同在中國境內投資新建項目（a foreign investor invests in any new construction project independently or together with any other investor）；

四是法律、行政法規(guī)或者國務院規(guī)定的其他方式的投資（investments stipulated in laws, administrative regulations, or defined by the State Council）。

草案指出，

The foreign investment law is a comprehensive and fundamental set of legal standards for foreign investment activities in China under new circumstances, and shall play a leading role as an overarching law in this field.
外商投資法是新形勢下國家關于外商投資活動全面的、基本的法律規(guī)范，是外商投資領域起龍頭作用、具有統(tǒng)領性質的法律。

It is a full testament to China's determination and confidence in opening wider to the outside world and promoting foreign investment in the new era.
制定外商投資法，就是要在新的歷史條件下通過國家立法表明將改革開放進行到底的決心和意志，展現(xiàn)新時代中國積極的對外開放姿態(tài)。

草案分為6章，包括總則、投資促進、投資保護、投資管理、法律責任、附則，共41條，對新的外商投資法律制度作出了基本的、明確的規(guī)定。

以下是部分要點摘錄：

The state shall guarantee that foreign-invested enterprises are able to participate in standard-setting work on an equal footing in accordance with law, and mandatory state standards shall apply equally to them, according to the document.
國家保障外商投資企業(yè)依法平等參與標準制定工作，國家制定的強制性標準平等適用于外商投資企業(yè)。

The state shall guarantee that foreign-invested enterprises can take part in government procurement activities through fair competition in accordance with law, and government procurement shall afford, in accordance with law, equal treatment to products of foreign-invested enterprises produced in China, it says.
國家保障外商投資企業(yè)依法通過公平競爭參與政府采購活動。政府采購依法對外商投資企業(yè)在中國境內生產的產品平等對待。

The conditions for technological cooperation in an investment project shall be negotiated in a fair and equal manner and agreed upon by all parties to the investment, and government bodies and their employees shall be prohibited from using administrative measures to force technology transfer.
外商投資過程中技術合作的條件由投資各方遵循公平原則平等協(xié)商確定，行政機關及其工作人員不得利用行政手段強制轉讓技術。

Sectors not on the entry negative list for foreign investment will be managed in accordance with the principle of equal treatment for domestic and foreign capital.
外商投資準入負面清單以外的領域，按照內外資一致的原則實施管理。

Competent authorities shall review foreign investors' license applications with the same conditions and procedures as those for domestic investors, unless otherwise stipulated in other laws or administrative regulations, according to the document.
有關主管部門應當按照與內資一致的條件和程序，審核外國投資者的許可申請，法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的除外。

The draft also makes it clear that the state shall manage foreign investment according to the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list.
國家對外商投資實行準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理制度。

【名詞解釋】

準入前國民待遇（pre-establishment national treatment），是指在投資準入階段給予外國投資者及其投資不低于本國投資者及其投資的待遇。

負面清單（negative list），是指國家規(guī)定在特定領域對外商投資實施的準入特別管理措施。

外商投資法草案審議通過并正式實施之后，《中華人民共和國中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法》、《中華人民共和國外資企業(yè)法》、《中華人民共和國中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)法》將同時廢止。

現(xiàn)代化都市圈 modern metropolitan area

The National Development and Reform Commission recently issued guidelines on cultivating and developing modern metropolitan areas, with the aim of building mature modern metropolitan areas with international influence by 2035.
國家發(fā)改委近日發(fā)布《關于培育發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化都市圈的指導意見》，明確目標為，到2035年，現(xiàn)代化都市圈格局更加成熟，形成若干具有全球影響力的都市圈。

城市群（city cluster）是新型城鎮(zhèn)化主體形態(tài)（a main part of the new type of urbanization），是支撐全國經(jīng)濟增長、促進區(qū)域協(xié)調發(fā)展、參與國際競爭合作的重要平臺（the important platform for supporting national economic growth, promoting regional coordinated development and participating in international competition and cooperation）。

都市圈（metropolitan area）是城市群內部以超大特大城市或輻射帶動功能強的大城市為中心、以1小時通勤圈為基本范圍的城鎮(zhèn)化空間形態(tài)（the urban spatial form comprising a one-hour commuting circle centered on a megacity within a city cluster）。

《意見》認為，都市圈既能優(yōu)化人口和經(jīng)濟格局（optimize population and economic landscape），又有利于激活有效投資和潛在消費需求（boost effective investment and potential consumption demand），增強內生動力。

《意見》明確，在有條件地區(qū)編制都市圈軌道交通規(guī)劃（rail transportation plan in metropolitan areas），推動干線鐵路、城際鐵路、市域（郊）鐵路、城市軌道交通“四網(wǎng)融合”（an integrated network of mainline railways, intercity railways, urban/suburban railways and urban railway transit projects）。

此外，《意見》還支持毗鄰城市（鎮(zhèn)）開行城際公交，加快推動近郊班線公交化，并要求加快推進都市圈內城市間公交一卡互通（one pass for all public transport services in metropolitan areas）、票制資費標準一致（unified ticket policies for public transport services）。

《意見》在促進人口要素向都市圈流動方面也提出了舉措，明確要放開放寬除個別超大城市外的城市落戶限制（relax restrictions on household registration in non-megacities）。

《意見》要求促進優(yōu)質公共資源共享（encourage sharing of quality public resources），支持有條件的中小學和三級醫(yī)院推進集團化辦學辦醫(yī)，支持中心城市三級醫(yī)院異地設置分支機構。