不吃主食會(huì)減壽?研究稱可能少活4年,花卷饅頭你們好呀……
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)新聞微信 2018-12-30 08:30
全球最權(quán)威的醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《柳葉刀》子刊《柳葉刀公共衛(wèi)生》(The Lancet Public Health)發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究稱,低碳水化合物飲食會(huì)縮短預(yù)期壽命,最長(zhǎng)可達(dá)4年。
Cutting carbohydrates might also cut lifespan by up to four years, according to a new medical study.
carbohydrate /?kɑ?b???ha?dre?t/:碳水化合物
正在減肥的同學(xué)是不是很激動(dòng),終于找到吃主食的理直氣壯的理由了!
碳水化合物(carbohydrate),簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是各種糖類,它們的主要來(lái)源是淀粉類食物,如土豆、面包、大米、面粉和谷物等,同時(shí)也包括蔬菜、水果。
低碳水化合物飲食,曾一度被認(rèn)為有利于體重減輕,改善心臟代謝風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
但這項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)25年,超過(guò)43萬(wàn)人的研究表明:低碳水化合物飲食會(huì)縮減壽命。
The peer-reviewed research published in the medical journal "The Lancet Public Health" suggests low and high-carb diets could shorten life, and diets including some carbs could promote a healthy lifespan.
醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《柳葉刀公共衛(wèi)生》的一項(xiàng)同行評(píng)議的研究表明,低碳水化合物和高碳水化合物的飲食會(huì)縮短壽命,含有碳水化合物的飲食則可以延長(zhǎng)健康的壽命。
這項(xiàng)研究的第一作者Scott Solomon稱這項(xiàng)研究是“有史以來(lái)對(duì)碳水化合物攝入量最全面的研究”(the most comprehensive study of carbohydrate intake)。
The study analyzed self-reported data from more than 15,400 middle-aged Americans who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. The dietary patterns researchers found were compared against additional studies that included 432,000 people in more than 20 countries.
該研究分析了參與社區(qū)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究的1.54萬(wàn)名美國(guó)中年人的自我報(bào)告數(shù)據(jù)。研究人員將發(fā)現(xiàn)的飲食模式與來(lái)自20多個(gè)國(guó)家的43.2萬(wàn)人的研究進(jìn)行了比較。
研究稱,吃適量碳水化合物的人比食用低碳水化合物的人長(zhǎng)壽四年,比吃大量碳水化合物的人長(zhǎng)壽一年。
Researchers concluded that people who ate a moderate amount of carbohydrates lived four years longer than those with low-carbohydrate consumption and one year longer than those who ate a lot of carbohydrates.
研究人員得出結(jié)論,吃適量碳水化合物的人比食用低碳水化合物的人長(zhǎng)壽四年,比吃大量碳水化合物的人長(zhǎng)壽一年。
Low-carb diets were defined as less than 40 percent of calories from carbohydrates and high-carb diets were more than 70 percent of calories.
低碳水化合物飲食定義為碳水化合物含量少于食物整體熱量的40%,高碳水化合物飲食則是超過(guò)70%。
這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者、波士頓的布里格姆婦科醫(yī)院(Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston)的研究員Sara Seidelmann在聲明中稱:
"Our data suggests that animal-based low carbohydrate diets, which are prevalent in North America and Europe, might be associated with shorter overall life span and should be discouraged."
“我們的數(shù)據(jù)表明,在北美和歐洲流行的以動(dòng)物性蛋白質(zhì)及脂肪為基礎(chǔ)的低碳水化合物的飲食,可能與較短的總壽命有關(guān),不應(yīng)當(dāng)大肆提倡?!?/p>
而且,光吃肉不吃主食的人,比光吃蔬菜不吃主食的人的壽命可能會(huì)更短……
Researchers observed that people who replaced carbohydrates with protein and fat from animals had a higher risk of early death compared to those who replaced carbohydrates with plant-based foods.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),食用動(dòng)物性蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪來(lái)代替碳水化合物的人,比那些用植物性食物代替碳水化合物的人減壽的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。
該研究的合著者、來(lái)自哈佛陳曾熙公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院(Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health)的Walter Willett說(shuō):
"These findings bring together several strands that have been controversial. Too much and too little carbohydrate can be harmful but what counts most is the type of fat, protein, and carbohydrate."
“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)把一些有爭(zhēng)議的觀點(diǎn)統(tǒng)一到了一起。過(guò)多和過(guò)少的碳水化合物都是有害的,但最重要的是脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)和碳水化合物的種類?!?/p>
研究者也推測(cè),低碳水化合物的西式飲食,通常谷物的攝入量降低,導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物性蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪攝入量增加,這會(huì)增加體內(nèi)炎癥,同時(shí)促進(jìn)衰老,這可能是導(dǎo)致死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的一個(gè)因素。
雖然大量的證據(jù)證明了低碳水飲食可能存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但是,該研究也是存在局限性的。
調(diào)查結(jié)果只是顯示觀察性關(guān)聯(lián)而不是因果關(guān)聯(lián)。同時(shí)人們攝入的數(shù)據(jù)是基于自我報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù),這可能并不準(zhǔn)確。
Self-reported data can be flawed, because it relies on the subject's memory. Another limitation of the study: Diets were measured only twice during the 25-year study period, at the start of the study and again six years later.
自我報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)可能存在缺陷,因?yàn)樗蕾囉谑茉囌叩挠洃?。該研究的另一個(gè)局限性是:在25年的研究期間,飲食只測(cè)量了兩次,分別是在研究開(kāi)始和6年后測(cè)量的。
編輯:左卓
實(shí)習(xí)編輯:陳月華
來(lái)源:柳葉刀 CNBC 醫(yī)傳網(wǎng)