一周新聞熱詞榜，一網(wǎng)打盡trending news。

本周的新聞熱詞有：

1.慶祝改革開放40周年大會
習(xí)近平這些金句振奮人心
2.2018'年度漢語字詞'揭曉
3.個稅將采用'累計(jì)預(yù)扣法'
4.美聯(lián)儲年內(nèi)第四次'加息'
5.Ofo'退押金'用戶超千萬

1. 改革開放40周年大會，習(xí)近平這些金句振奮人心！

12月18日上午10時(shí)，慶祝改革開放40周年大會在人民大會堂舉行。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平出席大會并發(fā)表重要講話。在大會上，習(xí)近平主席的這些金句振奮人心！

忍饑挨餓、缺吃少穿、生活困頓這些幾千年來困擾我國人民的問題總體上一去不復(fù)返了！
Hunger, shortage and poverty that plagued Chinese people for thousands of years have been generally left behind.

40年來取得的成就不是天上掉下來的，更不是別人恩賜施舍的，而是全黨全國各族人民用勤勞、智慧、勇氣干出來的！
What we have achieved in the past 40 years is not a godsend, still less a gift from others. It comes from the hard work, wisdom and courage of all members of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.

堅(jiān)持把人民擁護(hù)不擁護(hù)、贊成不贊成、高興不高興作為制定政策的依據(jù)，順應(yīng)民心、尊重民意、關(guān)注民情、致力民生。
In considering and introducing a policy, we must first and foremost ensure the backing, approval and endorsement of the people. We must act in line with our people's aspirations, respect their views and ideas, care about their worries and concerns and commit to improving their livelihood.

在中國這樣一個有著5000多年文明史、13億多人口的大國推進(jìn)改革發(fā)展，沒有可以奉為金科玉律的教科書，也沒有可以對中國人民頤指氣使的教師爺。
There is no textbook or golden rule to follow for reform and development in China, a country with over 5000 years of civilization and more than 1.3 billion people. No one is in the position to dictate to the Chinese people what should or should not be done.

我們有堅(jiān)定的政治決心和強(qiáng)大能力維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，祖國的神圣領(lǐng)土一寸都不能分裂出去！
With firm political resolve and strong capability to uphold national sovereignty and territorial integrity, we will never allow any of our sacred territory, not even an inch, to be separated from the motherland!

偉大夢想不是等得來、喊得來的，而是拼出來、干出來的。我們現(xiàn)在所處的，是一個船到中流浪更急、人到半山路更陡的時(shí)候，是一個愈進(jìn)愈難、愈進(jìn)愈險(xiǎn)而又不進(jìn)則退、非進(jìn)不可的時(shí)候。
A great dream will not come true through waiting or chanting slogans; it can only be fulfilled with hard work and perseverance. We are now in a state very much like sailing to the midstream of a river or climbing halfway up a mountain, as the goings get tough, we must press ahead and there's no turning back.

信仰、信念、信心，任何時(shí)候都至關(guān)重要。小到一個人、一個集體，大到一個政黨、一個民族、一個國家，只要有信仰、信念、信心，就會愈挫愈奮、愈戰(zhàn)愈勇，否則就會不戰(zhàn)自敗、不打自垮。
Conviction, commitment and confidence matter at all times. With these traits, an individual, a group or a political party, a people, or even a country, would always emerge stronger from setbacks. But without them, one would easily give up and lose the courage to fight.

在近代以來漫長的歷史進(jìn)程中，中國人民經(jīng)歷了太多太多的磨難，付出了太多太多的犧牲，進(jìn)行了太多太多的拼搏?，F(xiàn)在，中國人民和中華民族在歷史進(jìn)程中積累的強(qiáng)大能量已經(jīng)充分爆發(fā)出來了，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興提供了勢不可擋的磅礴力量。
The untold sufferings, heavy sacrifices, and heroic struggles of the Chinese people and Chinese nation have fostered a mighty energy over a long course of history. Today, such an energy has been brought out and offers an irresistible driving force for our national rejuvenation.

建成社會主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興，是一場接力跑，我們要一棒接著一棒跑下去，每一代人都要為下一代人跑出一個好成績。
Turning China into a great modern socialist country and achieving national rejuvenation is like a relay race, in which the baton is passed on from generation to generation. Every generation must strive for a good score for the sake of future ones.

將改革開放進(jìn)行到底，不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)人民對美好生活的向往，在新時(shí)代創(chuàng)造中華民族新的更大奇跡！創(chuàng)造讓世界刮目相看的新的更大奇跡！
We will stay committed to the reform and opening-up and see that our people realize their aspirations for a better life. In this way, we will create new and even greater miracles of the Chinese nation in the new era, miracles that will truly impress the world!

2. 年度漢語字詞
Chinese Character and Word of the Year

請看例句：
"Striving" and "the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up" have been respectively chosen as the Chinese Character and Word of the Year 2018 in China.
"奮"和"改革開放四十年"分別當(dāng)選年度國內(nèi)字、國內(nèi)詞。

由國家語言資源監(jiān)測與研究中心(National Language Resource Monitoring and Research Center)、商務(wù)印書館等單位聯(lián)合主辦的"漢語盤點(diǎn)2018"活動20日在京揭曉。"奮"、"改革開放四十年"、"退(exit/quit)"和"貿(mào)易摩擦(trade friction)"分別當(dāng)選年度國內(nèi)字、國內(nèi)詞、國際字和國際詞(international Chinese Character and Word of the Year)。

"奮"是振奮人心(inspiring)，是奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)(striving to be strong)，是奮勇拼搏(pressing ahead)，也是奮不顧身(courageous and daring)。在波瀾壯闊的新時(shí)代畫卷中，奮斗本身就是一種幸福。

今年迎來"改革開放四十年"，從開啟新時(shí)期到跨入新世紀(jì)，從站上新起點(diǎn)到進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，我國在各方面取得了偉大成就(China has made significant achievements in various fields)。改革開放只有進(jìn)行時(shí)，沒有完成時(shí)(reform and opening-up is an ongoing process and we will never stop)，我們應(yīng)不忘初心，牢記使命，將改革開放進(jìn)行到底。

2018年，"退"字訣橫掃三大洲。美國退出伊朗核協(xié)議(the Iran nuclear deal)、聯(lián)合國人權(quán)理事會(the United Nations Human Rights Council)；英國脫歐協(xié)議(the Brexit deal)草案出爐。各國"退群"目的不同，但都是國家利益使然。

美國對中國商品加征關(guān)稅(impose additional tariffs on Chinese goods)，引發(fā)"貿(mào)易摩擦"。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是大勢所趨，和平與發(fā)展是民心所向(Economic globalization is the trend of the times, and peace and development represent the shared aspiration of all peoples)。對中美兩國來說，合作是唯一正確的選擇，共贏才能通向更好的未來(only a win-win approach will lead to a better future)。

據(jù)介紹，"漢語盤點(diǎn)"活動至今已舉辦13年，旨在"用一個字、一個詞描述當(dāng)年的中國和世界(describe China and the world over the past year in a single Chinese character or word)"，鼓勵全民用語言記錄生活，描述中國視野下的社會變遷(social change)和世界萬象。年度漢字評選，是使用漢字地區(qū)的一項(xiàng)評選活動。近年來，中國、日本、馬來西亞和新加坡等國家和地區(qū)都會評選最具代表性的年度漢字。2018年，日本年度漢字為"災(zāi)"，馬來西亞年度漢字為"變"，我國臺灣地區(qū)年度漢字為"翻"。

[相關(guān)詞匯]
年度詞 word of the year
流行詞 buzzword
社交媒體詞匯 social media vocabulary
表情包 emoji package
縮寫 abbreviation

3. 累計(jì)預(yù)扣法
cumulative withholding method

請看例句：
A new system for calculating individual income tax will take effect from Jan 1, the State Administration of Taxation said Thursday. For residents, tax will be assessed by the cumulative withholding method and paid monthly.
國家稅務(wù)總局20日表示，新的個人所得稅計(jì)算方式將從1月1日起實(shí)施。居民個人所得稅將采用累計(jì)預(yù)扣法計(jì)算、按月繳納。

新修改的個人所得稅法將于2019年1月1日正式實(shí)施。12月20日，國家稅務(wù)總局發(fā)布了《關(guān)于全面實(shí)施新個人所得稅法若干征管銜接問題的公告》，對扣繳義務(wù)人對居民個人工資、薪金所得，勞務(wù)報(bào)酬(remuneration for labor services)所得，稿酬所得(income from author's remuneration)，特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)(loyalties)所得預(yù)扣預(yù)繳個人所得稅(personal income tax)的計(jì)算方法，以及對非居民個人上述四項(xiàng)所得扣繳個人所得稅的計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行明確。

《公告》明確了居民個人的工資、薪金所得在繳納個人所得稅時(shí)，日常采取累計(jì)預(yù)扣法(cumulative withholding method)進(jìn)行預(yù)扣預(yù)繳；勞務(wù)報(bào)酬所得、稿酬所得、特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)所得，采取基本平移現(xiàn)行規(guī)定的做法預(yù)扣預(yù)繳。根據(jù)《公告》，年度預(yù)扣預(yù)繳稅額(the amount of tax paid in advance)與年度應(yīng)納稅額不一致的，由居民個人于次年3月1日至6月30日向主管稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)(tax authority)辦理綜合所得年度匯算清繳，稅款多退少補(bǔ)。

國家稅務(wù)總局相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，累計(jì)預(yù)扣法主要是通過各月累計(jì)收入減去對應(yīng)扣除，對照綜合所得稅率表計(jì)算累計(jì)應(yīng)繳稅額(tax payable)，再減去已繳稅額，確定本期應(yīng)繳稅額的一種方法。這種方法一方面對于大部分只有一處工資薪金所得的納稅人(most taxpayers with only one source of income of wages and salaries)，納稅年度終了時(shí)預(yù)扣預(yù)繳的稅款基本上等于年度應(yīng)納稅款，因此無須再辦理自行納稅申報(bào)、匯算清繳(final settlement)；另一方面，對需要補(bǔ)退稅的納稅人，預(yù)扣預(yù)繳的稅款與年度應(yīng)納稅款差額相對較小，不會占用納稅人過多資金。

對于非居民(non-resident)個人扣繳方法，《公告》指出，非居民個人的工資、薪金所得，以每月收入額減除費(fèi)用5000元后的余額為應(yīng)納稅所得額(the amount of taxable income)；勞務(wù)報(bào)酬所得、稿酬所得、特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)所得，以每次收入額為應(yīng)納稅所得額，適用按月?lián)Q算后的非居民個人月度稅率表計(jì)算應(yīng)納稅額。其中，勞務(wù)報(bào)酬所得、稿酬所得、特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)所得以收入減除20%的費(fèi)用后的余額(the balance of income after deducting 20% of expenses)為收入額。稿酬所得的收入額減按70%計(jì)算。

[相關(guān)詞匯]
專項(xiàng)附加扣除 special additional deduction
個稅起征點(diǎn) personal income tax threshold
可支配收入 disposable income
雙重征稅 double taxation
源泉扣繳 withholding of tax at source
優(yōu)惠稅率 preferential tax rate

4. 加息
rate hike

請看例句：
The US Federal Reserve raised interest rates on Wednesday and said it was keeping the core of its plan to tighten monetary policy intact even as central bank officials said they would likely slow the pace of further rate increases next year.
美國聯(lián)邦儲備委員會(美聯(lián)儲)19日加息，并表示將維持收緊貨幣政策計(jì)劃的核心不變，盡管其官員表示，明年可能放慢進(jìn)一步加息的步伐。

美聯(lián)儲官員一致決定，將聯(lián)邦基金利率目標(biāo)區(qū)間再上調(diào)25個基點(diǎn)(lift the target range for the federal funds rate by another quarter point)，至2.25%-2.5%。這標(biāo)志著美聯(lián)儲今年內(nèi)的第四次加息(the Fed's fourth rate hike this year)，也是自2015年底以來的第九次加息，美聯(lián)儲正沿著貨幣政策正常化(monetary policy normalization)的道路前進(jìn)。

美聯(lián)儲官員還將其對2019年美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速的預(yù)測(their forecast for US economic growth in 2019)從此前的2.5%下調(diào)至2.3%。根據(jù)聯(lián)邦基金利率的預(yù)估中值(median forecast for the federal funds rate)，由于預(yù)計(jì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)將有所放緩，美聯(lián)儲官員估計(jì)明年將加息兩次(envision two rate hikes next year)，少于9月預(yù)估的三次。即便如此，美聯(lián)儲設(shè)定的升息路徑仍比許多市場人士預(yù)期的更為激進(jìn)。

近幾年來，美聯(lián)儲持續(xù)加息，以減少貨幣政策給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的提振(reduce the boost that monetary policy gives to the economy)。美國經(jīng)濟(jì)目前的增速快于美聯(lián)儲認(rèn)為可持續(xù)的水平。然而，人們擔(dān)心隨著特朗普政府的支出舉措和1.5萬億美元減稅計(jì)劃帶來的財(cái)政刺激逐漸消退，加之全球經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩(the global economy slows)，明年美國經(jīng)濟(jì)可能不容樂觀(enter choppy waters)。

[相關(guān)詞匯]
貨幣政策 monetary policy
經(jīng)濟(jì)溫和擴(kuò)張 moderate economic expansion
存款準(zhǔn)備金率 required reserve ratio
貸款基礎(chǔ)利率 Loan Prime Rate, LPR
利率 interest rate
市場波動 market volatility

5. 退押金
deposit refund

請看例句：
Over 12 million users of bike-sharing firm Ofo have requested deposit refunds as of Friday, with the company possibly owing in excess of 1 billion yuan to its riders.
截至21日，逾1200萬用戶已向共享單車企業(yè)Ofo申請退押金，Ofo待退押金可能超過10億元。

近日，Ofo小黃車因?yàn)橥搜航?deposit refund)問題被推上了輿論的風(fēng)口浪尖。Ofo公司北京總部數(shù)百名用戶排隊(duì)退押金(hundreds of users lined up at Ofo's Beijing headquarters to get their deposits refunded)、假裝外國人Ofo秒退押金(pretend to be foreigners and Ofo returns deposits in seconds)等消息，引爆了Ofo退押金的熱潮。

本月17日晚，Ofo官方微博公布退押金新政(new deposit return policy)，表示所有退押金申請，無論線上線下，都將統(tǒng)一進(jìn)行收集和審核(all deposit refund applications, online or offline, will be collected and reviewed)，公司會按申請順序退還押金(the deposit will be refunded in order of application)。目前排隊(duì)人數(shù)已經(jīng)突破1200萬，按照每名用戶99-199元押金來算，待退押金或超過10億元。2017年11月，Ofo用戶超過兩億。千萬用戶集體退押金，意味著大量用戶將流失，Ofo營收可能面臨雪崩式下滑。

針對"大量用戶到Ofo總部排隊(duì)現(xiàn)場退押金"一事，交通運(yùn)輸部新聞發(fā)言人吳春耕回應(yīng)稱，正督促Ofo暢通退押金渠道(smooth channels to return deposits)，優(yōu)化退押金流程，加快退款進(jìn)度(speed up refund procedures)，切實(shí)保障用戶合法權(quán)益(protect the legitimate rights and interests of users)。

據(jù)中國執(zhí)行信息公開網(wǎng)披露，深陷困境的(beleaguered, in hot water)Ofo小黃車和它的創(chuàng)始人戴威收到了法院頒出的限制消費(fèi)令(be issued consumption restrictions by a court)。該公司及戴威本人不得坐飛機(jī)及軟臥(be forbidden from taking an airplane as well as the soft berths in trains)、不能在星級賓館等場合消費(fèi)。

[相關(guān)詞匯]
雙標(biāo)處理 two-faced treatment
極速退款 speedy refund
臨時(shí)服務(wù)器遷移 temporary server migration
聯(lián)合收購 joint buyout
預(yù)付費(fèi) pre-payment

(編輯：彭娜 劉明 丁一)

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