3月，全國兩會召開，新型政黨制度、高質(zhì)量發(fā)展等成為熱門詞匯；黨和國家機(jī)構(gòu)改革方案出爐；臉書用戶數(shù)據(jù)泄露事件引發(fā)各界關(guān)注；中美貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)話題引發(fā)熱議，中朝領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人歷史性會面。

人才評價 talent evaluation

The General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council, China's Cabinet, have jointly issued a guideline on reform of the talent evaluation system. It calls for improved talent evaluation standards, innovative talent evaluation methods and accelerated reform of talent evaluation in key fields.
中共中央辦公廳、國務(wù)院辦公廳聯(lián)合印發(fā)了有關(guān)人才評價機(jī)制改革的指導(dǎo)意見，要求健全人才評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、創(chuàng)新人才評價方式，加快推進(jìn)重點領(lǐng)域人才評價改革。

《意見》指出，人才評價（talent evaluation）是人才發(fā)展體制機(jī)制的重要組成部分，是人才資源開發(fā)管理和使用的前提。當(dāng)前，我國人才評價機(jī)制仍存在分類評價不足、評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單一、評價手段趨同、評價社會化程度不高、用人主體自主權(quán)落實不夠等突出問題，存在唯學(xué)歷、唯資歷、唯論文等傾向（preferring diplomas, seniority and academic papers over actual contributions），亟需通過深化改革加以解決。

《意見》中提出的人才評價機(jī)制改革基本原則是，堅持黨管人才原則（Party leadership over talents）、堅持服務(wù)發(fā)展（development-oriented）、堅持科學(xué)公正（reasonable and fair）、堅持改革創(chuàng)新（focusing on reform and innovation）。

《意見》提出了四個方面的改革舉措，分別是：

分類健全人才評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
improving talent evaluation standards in different fields

改進(jìn)和創(chuàng)新人才評價方式
upgrading and innovativing talent evaluation methods

加快推進(jìn)重點領(lǐng)域人才評價改革
accelerating reform of talent evaluation in key fields

健全完善人才評價管理服務(wù)制度
improving the management and service system of talent evaluation

新型政黨制度 a new type of party system

President Xi Jinping Sunday called the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) "a great contribution to political civilization of humanity."
習(xí)近平指出，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度是“對人類政治文明的重大貢獻(xiàn)”。

習(xí)近平指出，中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度作為我國一項基本政治制度，是中國共產(chǎn)黨、中國人民和各民主黨派、無黨派人士的偉大政治創(chuàng)造，是從中國土壤中生長出來的新型政黨制度（a new type of party system growing from China's soil）。

新型政黨制度新在哪兒？

新就新在：

它是馬克思主義政黨理論同中國實際相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，能夠真實、廣泛、持久代表和實現(xiàn)最廣大人民根本利益、全國各族各界根本利益，有效避免了舊式政黨制度代表少數(shù)人、少數(shù)利益集團(tuán)的弊端；
It combines Marxist political party theories with China's reality, truly, extensively and in the long term represents fundamental interests of all people and all ethnic groups and fulfills their aspiration, avoiding the defects of the old-fashioned party system which represents only a selective few or the vested interest;

它把各個政黨和無黨派人士緊密團(tuán)結(jié)起來、為著共同目標(biāo)而奮斗，有效避免了一黨缺乏監(jiān)督或者多黨輪流坐莊、惡性競爭的弊端；

It unites all political parties and people without party affiliation toward a common goal, effectively preventing the flaws of the absence of oversight in one-party rule or power rotation and nasty competition among multiple political parties;
它通過制度化、程序化、規(guī)范化的安排集中各種意見和建議、推動決策科學(xué)化民主化，有效避免了舊式政黨制度囿于黨派利益、階級利益、區(qū)域和集團(tuán)利益決策施政導(dǎo)致社會撕裂的弊端。

It pools ideas and suggestions through institutional, procedural, and standardized arrangements and develops a scientific and democratic decision making mechanism. It steers away from another weakness of the old-fashioned party system, in which decision making and governance, confined by interests of different political parties, classes, regions and groups, tears the society apart.
它不僅符合當(dāng)代中國實際，而且符合中華民族一貫倡導(dǎo)的天下為公、兼容并蓄、求同存異等優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，是對人類政治文明的重大貢獻(xiàn)。

預(yù)算審查監(jiān)督 review and supervision on budget

A guideline issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee has outlined how Chinese legislatures' review and supervision concerning expenditure budget and relevant policies will be enhanced.
中共中央辦公廳印發(fā)了有關(guān)人大預(yù)算審查監(jiān)督向支出預(yù)算和政策拓展的指導(dǎo)意見。

《意見》指出，實施人大預(yù)算審查監(jiān)督重點向支出預(yù)算和政策拓展（strengthening the people's congresses' review and supervision over expenditure budget and policies），是依法加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)人大預(yù)算審查監(jiān)督工作（review and supervision on budget）的內(nèi)在要求，是建立和完善中國特色社會主義預(yù)算審查監(jiān)督制度的重要舉措（an important measure to establish and perfect the budget review and supervision system with Chinese characteristics）。

《意見》提出，按照黨中央改革部署要求和預(yù)算法、監(jiān)督法規(guī)定，人大對支出預(yù)算和政策開展全口徑審查和全過程監(jiān)管，主要內(nèi)容包括：支出預(yù)算的總量與結(jié)構(gòu)（the total amount and structure of expenditure budget）、重點支出與重大投資項目（key expenditures and major investment projects）、部門預(yù)算（budgets of various Party and governmental departments）、財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付（the implementation of transfer payment budgets）、政府債務(wù)（government debts）。

品質(zhì)革命 quality revolution

2018年政府工作報告提出：

全面開展質(zhì)量提升行動，推進(jìn)與國際先進(jìn)水平對標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)，弘揚工匠精神，來一場中國制造的品質(zhì)革命。
Taking steps in all sectors to improve quality, we will work toward meeting the highest international standards, encourage the spirit of workmanship, and ignite a revolution in the quality of Chinese-made goods.

“品質(zhì)革命（quality revolution）”一詞首次出現(xiàn)是在2016年5月11日國務(wù)院常務(wù)會議上，指一系列為了增加消費品種類、提升商品品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)建知名品牌而進(jìn)行的改革，旨在滿足人們不斷升級的消費需求。

做細(xì)做實中國制造，就要讓品質(zhì)成為從日用品到高精尖領(lǐng)域等各行各業(yè)共同追求的目標(biāo)，對產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)到售后的每一個環(huán)節(jié)都高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、嚴(yán)要求（every industry link from production to after-sales service should live up to a high standard），一把尺子量到底；做大做強(qiáng)中國“質(zhì)”造，就要加快培養(yǎng)技能型勞動者大軍（a skilled labor force should be cultivated），“向人才要紅利”，更要讓工匠精神滲入每件產(chǎn)品、每道工序，凡事不做則已，做則做到極致完美；做高做精中國“智”造，就要重視科技創(chuàng)新（focus on technological innovation），摒棄抄襲仿造，專注研發(fā)屬于自己的、名副其實的原創(chuàng)高附加值產(chǎn)品（develop original high added-value products）。

兩會 Two Sessions

5日上午9時，十三屆全國人大一次會議開幕，國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)作政府工作報告。政府工作報告中首次出現(xiàn)的這五個新表述值得留意：

新表述1：高質(zhì)量發(fā)展 high-quality development

[報告原文]

"按照高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的要求，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)'五位一體'總體布局和協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)'四個全面'戰(zhàn)略布局，堅持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險各項工作"；
Heed the requirement that development must be high quality; coordinate efforts to pursue the five-sphere integrated plan and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy; continue to regard supply-side structural reform as our main task; coordinate all work to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk.

"上述主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)，考慮了決勝全面建成小康社會需要，符合我國經(jīng)濟(jì)已由高速增長階段轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段實際"；
The above targets take into consideration the need to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and are fitting given the fact that China's economy is transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development.

"國有企業(yè)要通過改革創(chuàng)新，走在高質(zhì)量發(fā)展前列"；
Our SOEs should, through reform and innovation, become front-runners in pursuing high-quality development.

"進(jìn)一步拓展開放范圍和層次，完善開放結(jié)構(gòu)布局和體制機(jī)制，以高水平開放推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展"。
China will further expand the scope and raise the quality of its opening up; the structure, layout, institutions, and mechanisms for opening up will be improved, and we will use high-standard opening up to generate high-quality development.

新表述2：現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系 modernized economy

[報告原文]

"要著力解決發(fā)展不平衡不充分問題，圍繞建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，堅持質(zhì)量第一、效益優(yōu)先，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。要尊重經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律，遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)運行在合理區(qū)間，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)增長和質(zhì)量效益提高互促共進(jìn)。"
We will devote attention to addressing unbalanced and insufficient development. Centering on developing a modernized economy, we will put quality first and give priority to performance, and promote economic structural improvement and upgrading. We must respect objective economic laws, consider both long-and near-term needs, ensure the economy performs within a reasonable range, and achieve a situation in which steady economic growth and improvement in quality and performance reinforce each other.

新表述3：三大攻堅戰(zhàn)(防范化解重大風(fēng)險、精準(zhǔn)脫貧、污染防治) three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution

[報告原文]

"抓好決勝全面建成小康社會三大攻堅戰(zhàn)。要分別提出工作思路和具體舉措，排出時間表、路線圖、優(yōu)先序，確保風(fēng)險隱患得到有效控制，確保脫貧攻堅任務(wù)全面完成，確保生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善"；
We will ensure success in the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, battles that are important for decisively bringing to completion the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We need to adopt targeted approaches and specific measures, draw up timetables and roadmaps, and set well-defined priorities. We will make sure risks and potential dangers are effectively controlled, make sure poverty alleviation is fully accomplished, and make sure there is an overall improvement in the quality of the environment.

"優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，提高財政支出的公共性、普惠性，加大對三大攻堅戰(zhàn)的支持，更多向創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動、'三農(nóng)'、民生等領(lǐng)域傾斜"；
We will improve the structure of budgetary spending, making sure that more financial allocations are used for the public good and universal benefit, increasing support for the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, and weighting spending toward innovation-driven development, agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and the improvement of living standards.

"堅決打好三大攻堅戰(zhàn)，要圍繞完成年度攻堅任務(wù)，明確各方責(zé)任，強(qiáng)化政策保障，把各項工作做實做好。"
Fighting three critical battles. To fulfill our key annual tasks, we need to make everyone involved clear about their responsibilities, strengthen policy implementation, and ensure that every element of work is done to good, solid effect.

新表述4："三大變革"(質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動力變革) change in quality, change in efficiency, and change in growth drivers

[報告原文]

"堅持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險各項工作，大力推進(jìn)改革開放，創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，推動質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動力變革"。
Continue to regard supply-side structural reform as our main task; coordinate all work to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk; work hard to reform and open up further; explore new ideas on and improve macro regulation; promote a change in quality, change in efficiency, and change in growth drivers.

新表述5：鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略 rural revitalization strategy

[報告原文]

"大力實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略。科學(xué)制定規(guī)劃，健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制，依靠改革創(chuàng)新壯大鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展新動能"；
Making strong moves in the rural revitalization strategy. Plans will be well designed and the institutions and mechanisms needed to achieve integrated urban-rural development will be improved. We will rely on reform and innovation to build powerful new growth drivers for rural development.

"我們要堅持走中國特色社會主義鄉(xiāng)村振興道路，加快實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。"
We will continue to pursue a Chinese path to socialist rural revitalization, and work faster to achieve agricultural and rural modernization.

政德 political virtue

President Xi Jinping on Saturday underlined a "clean and upright" political ecology and urged leading officials to uphold rule of law. Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, compared political ecology to natural ecology that can be easily polluted and, if damaged, will cost a huge price to be rehabilitated, at a panel discussion with deputies to the 13th National People's Congress from southwestern municipality of Chongqing.
3月10日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平參加十三屆全國人大一次會議重慶代表團(tuán)的審議時提出，要形成風(fēng)清氣正的政治生態(tài)，并要求領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部堅持法治。他強(qiáng)調(diào)，政治生態(tài)同自然生態(tài)一樣，稍不注意就容易受到污染，一旦出現(xiàn)問題再想恢復(fù)就要付出很大代價。

習(xí)近平指出，形成風(fēng)清氣正的政治生態(tài)（clean and upright political ecology），是旗幟鮮明講政治、堅決維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政治要求（an essential requirement for safeguarding the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee），是持之以恒正風(fēng)肅紀(jì)、推動全面從嚴(yán)治黨向縱深發(fā)展的迫切需要（an urgent need for ensuring full and strict governance over the Party），是鍛造優(yōu)良黨風(fēng)政風(fēng)、確保改革發(fā)展目標(biāo)順利實現(xiàn)的重要保障（a vital guarantee for fulfilling reform and development targets）。

在講話中，習(xí)近平提出4個“要”，將風(fēng)清氣正政治生態(tài)的路徑闡釋得入木三分。

——要加強(qiáng)教育引導(dǎo)（strengthen education and guidance），注重破立并舉，抓住“關(guān)鍵少數(shù)”，推動各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部自覺擔(dān)當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任和示范責(zé)任（leading officials should demonstrate leadership and set an example），把自己擺進(jìn)去、把思想擺進(jìn)去、把工作擺進(jìn)去，形成“頭雁效應(yīng)”。

——要堅持法治、反對人治（uphold rule of law, oppose rule of man），對憲法法律始終保持敬畏之心（hold in awe of the Constitution），帶頭在憲法法律范圍內(nèi)活動（exercise their duty within the boundaries of the Constitution and laws），嚴(yán)格依照法定權(quán)限、規(guī)則、程序行使權(quán)力、履行職責(zé)，做到心中高懸法紀(jì)明鏡、手中緊握法紀(jì)戒尺，知曉為官做事尺度。

——要牢固樹立“四個意識”，嚴(yán)格遵守黨的政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩（abide by political rules），堅決維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee），確保黨的路線方針政策和黨中央決策部署不折不扣得到貫徹落實（absolutely implement the Party's lines, principles and policies, and decisions by the CPC Central Committee）。

——要既講法治又講德治（uphold both rule of law and rule of virtue），重視發(fā)揮道德教化作用，把法律和道德的力量、法治和德治的功能緊密結(jié)合起來，把自律和他律緊密結(jié)合起來，引導(dǎo)全社會積極培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀，樹立良好道德風(fēng)尚，防止封建腐朽道德文化沉渣泛起（promote core socialist values and prevent relapse of negative elements in traditional values）。

習(xí)近平還在講話中系統(tǒng)闡釋了“政德”的核心要義，即明大德、守公德、嚴(yán)私德。

——明大德（setting the political virtue），就是要鑄牢理想信念（stay firm with their political ideals and convictions）、錘煉堅強(qiáng)黨性（enhance Party consciousness），在大是大非面前旗幟鮮明（make a clear stance on key issues），在風(fēng)浪考驗面前無所畏懼，在各種誘惑面前立場堅定，這是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部首先要修好的“大德”。

——守公德（maintaining good public virtue），就是要強(qiáng)化宗旨意識，全心全意為人民服務(wù)（commit themselves to serving the people whole-heartedly），恪守立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民理念，自覺踐行人民對美好生活的向往就是我們的奮斗目標(biāo)的承諾（deliver the promise of striving for the people's needs for a better life），做到心底無私天地寬。

——嚴(yán)私德（strictly guarding the individual virtue），就是要嚴(yán)格約束自己的操守和行為。所有黨員、干部都要戒貪止欲、克己奉公，切實把人民賦予的權(quán)力用來造福于人民。要把家風(fēng)建設(shè)擺在重要位置，廉潔修身，廉潔齊家，防止“枕邊風(fēng)”成為貪腐的導(dǎo)火索（don't let pillow talk lead you down to corruption），防止子女打著自己的旗號非法牟利（don't let your children engage in self-dealing using your name），防止身邊人把自己“拉下水”（don't be dragged into the "muddy water" by people around you）。

快應(yīng)用 fast app

The top 10 Chinese smartphone vendors, including Huawei Technologies Co Ltd and Xiaomi Corp, joined hands on Tuesday to promote technical standards for "fast apps," which are designed to compete against Tencent Holdings Ltd's mini programs.
3月20日，華為、小米等國內(nèi)十大智能手機(jī)廠商聯(lián)合推出“快應(yīng)用”技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以對抗騰訊旗下的小程序。

快應(yīng)用（fast app）是基于手機(jī)硬件平臺的新型應(yīng)用生態(tài)，用戶無需下載安裝APP便可以即點即用。從產(chǎn)品特性來看，快應(yīng)用與微信小程序高度相似。與小程序內(nèi)置于微信不同的是，快應(yīng)用直接與手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)關(guān)聯(lián)（directly linked to the mobile operating systems of phones）。

快應(yīng)用技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定后，開發(fā)者在一處上傳的某個快應(yīng)用可在10家廠商的手機(jī)上線，形成統(tǒng)一的快應(yīng)用門戶（fast app portal）。除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的發(fā)布流程、完善的開發(fā)者文檔、工具及論壇支持外，未來，快應(yīng)用開放平臺還會開放開發(fā)者服務(wù)支持，如消息推送（push notifications）、帳號接入（acount access）、支付接入（payment）、數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)（data services）等。

特長生加分政策 preferential policy of bonus points

The ministry will stop giving bonus points to students who have exceptional sports ability, who have won academic Olympiads or science and technology competitions, who are named "provincial-level excellent students" or those who have performed "righteous and courageous deeds", according to a statement posted on its website.
教育部網(wǎng)站的信息顯示，將全面取消體育特長生、中學(xué)生學(xué)科奧林匹克競賽、科技類競賽、省級優(yōu)秀學(xué)生、思想政治品德有突出事跡等全國性高考加分項目。

特長生加分政策（preferential policy of bonus points）是指針對擁有體育、文藝等方面專長的學(xué)生（students with special talent in sports or artistic field），經(jīng)過專業(yè)部門的測試后，在高考成績之外給予一定的加分。

2011年教育部、國家民委、公安部、國家體育總局、中國科協(xié)等五部門聯(lián)合發(fā)文規(guī)范和調(diào)整部分高考加分項目。截至2014年5月，31個省份均已正式出臺高考新政，其中高考加分政策大規(guī)模調(diào)整，大幅減少全國奧賽科技類加分、體育特長生加分和地方性加分項目，其他加分項目分值普遍由20分降至10分內(nèi)。

特長生加分項目取消以后，如何才能進(jìn)入心儀的大學(xué)呢？答案是，參與大學(xué)的自主招生（independent college admission）。

Currently, 90 universities have allocated 5 percent of their enrollment slots to independent admissions designed for students with special talents. They admit more than 20,000 students every year.
目前，全國有90所高校將百分之五的招生名額留給參加自主招生的特長生，每年錄取的特長生超過2萬名。

中央廣播電視總臺 central radio and television station

近日，中共中央印發(fā)了《深化黨和國家機(jī)構(gòu)改革方案》，并發(fā)出通知，要求各地區(qū)各部門結(jié)合實際認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行。方案提出：組建中央廣播電視總臺。

The reform involves restructuring dozens of central departments. Among them, a notable move is the establishing of a central station for radio and television, which will bring together the current China Central Television, China National Radio and China Radio International.
改革方案涉及多個中央國家機(jī)構(gòu)的重組，其中值得注意的是，將整合中央電視臺(中國國際電視臺)、中央人民廣播電臺、中國國際廣播電臺，組建中央廣播電視總臺。

中央廣播電視總臺（central radio and television station）的主要職責(zé)是，宣傳黨的理論和路線方針政策（publicize the theories and policies of the Party），統(tǒng)籌組織重大宣傳報道，組織廣播電視創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn)（organize major journalistic events and the production of radio and television products），制作和播出廣播電視精品（produce and broadcast high-quality works of radio and television），引導(dǎo)社會熱點，加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)輿論監(jiān)督（strengthen the media's supervision），推動多媒體融合發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)國際傳播能力建設(shè)，講好中國故事（enhance the capability of international communications to tell good China stories）等。

組建中央廣播電視總臺旨在加強(qiáng)黨對重要輿論陣地的集中建設(shè)和管理（strengthen the Party's leadership over public opinion ），增強(qiáng)廣播電視媒體整體實力和競爭力（make the whole TV and broadcasting industry more competitive），推動廣播電視媒體、新興媒體融合發(fā)展（the development of the TV and broadcasting industry must be combined with the development of new media）。

貿(mào)易戰(zhàn) trade war

Chinese Ambassador to the US Cui Tiankai said China doesn't want a trade war with the US or with anybody else, but China is not afraid of it.
中國駐美大使崔天凱表示，中國不希望和美國或任何國家打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，但絕不害怕。

美國總統(tǒng)特朗普22日在白宮簽署總統(tǒng)備忘錄(signed a presidential memorandum)，依據(jù)"301調(diào)查(Section 301 investigation)"結(jié)果，將對價值600億美元從中國進(jìn)口的商品征收關(guān)稅(impose tariffs on up to $60 billion of Chinese imports)，并限制中國企業(yè)對美投資并購。23日，商務(wù)部發(fā)布了針對美國進(jìn)口鋼鐵和鋁產(chǎn)品232措施的中止減讓產(chǎn)品清單，擬對自美進(jìn)口部分產(chǎn)品加征關(guān)稅(consider a tariff increase on imports of some products from the US)，以平衡因美國對進(jìn)口鋼鐵和鋁產(chǎn)品加征關(guān)稅給中方利益造成的損失(make up for losses caused by US tariffs on Chinese steel and aluminum products)。

中國駐美大使崔天凱22日表示中國不希望和美國或任何國家打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)(trade war)，但如果有人要把貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)強(qiáng)加中國，我們會戰(zhàn)斗，我們會盡一切力量保護(hù)我們合法利益(China will take all necessary measures to defend its rights and interests)，維護(hù)全球貿(mào)易體系。崔大使表示，他要告訴那些要打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的人："我們一定會反擊，我們會報復(fù)。如果有人玩厲害的，我們就和他們玩厲害的，看誰更持久。"(We will certainly fight back. We will retaliate. If people want to play tough, we will play tough with them, and see who will last longer.)

數(shù)據(jù)泄露 data breach

European Union and British lawmakers demanded on Tuesday that Facebook should clarify data breach following revelations that personal data was massively misused for political purposes. Facebook CEO Zuckerberg on Thursday admitted that the social media giant "made mistakes".
社交媒體巨頭臉書的大量用戶數(shù)據(jù)被政治利用的消息傳出后，歐盟和英國議會20日要求臉書就數(shù)據(jù)泄露一事作出說明。22日，臉書首席執(zhí)行官扎克伯格承認(rèn)公司"犯下錯誤"。

美國《紐約時報》和英國《衛(wèi)報》近日曝光，臉書上超過5000萬用戶的數(shù)據(jù)被一家名為"劍橋分析"的數(shù)據(jù)挖礦公司獲取(the data of more that 50 million Facebook users were harvested by a data-mining firm named Cambridge Analytica)，并在2016年美國總統(tǒng)大選中被用于針對目標(biāo)受眾推送廣告，從而影響大選結(jié)果。消息一出，臉書市值蒸發(fā)數(shù)百億美元。各方批評臉書無能，呼吁引入法規(guī)，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。

扎克伯格22日發(fā)聲明稱：臉書有責(zé)任保護(hù)用戶的數(shù)據(jù)，如果沒有做到，我們就不配為用戶提供服務(wù)(Facebook has a responsibility to protect its users' data and if it fails, we don't deserve to serve you)。這次事件破壞了臉書和用戶之間的信任(a breach of trust)。我們將從事件中汲取教訓(xùn)，進(jìn)一步鞏固平臺的安全性(learn from this experience to secure our platform further)。

扎克伯格還表示，針對此次數(shù)據(jù)泄露(data breach)事件，臉書將對所有存在可疑行為的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行全面審查(conduct a full audit of any app with suspicious activity)；禁止服務(wù)不同意進(jìn)行徹底審查的開發(fā)者(ban any developer that did not agree to a thorough audit)；禁止服務(wù)違規(guī)使用用戶個人身份信息的開發(fā)者等。

婚前協(xié)議 prenuptial agreement

According to British media, Prince Harry has decided not to sign a prenuptial agreement before his May 19 marriage to Meghan Markle.
據(jù)英媒報道，哈里王子已決定，他和梅根·馬克爾5月19日結(jié)婚前不會簽署婚前協(xié)議。

據(jù)《每日郵報》報道，哈里王子的一位朋友透露，哈里為證明他對未婚妻的忠誠，拒絕簽署可保障其3000萬英鎊身家的婚前協(xié)議(rejected signing a prenuptial agreement to safeguard his ￡30 million fortune)。這位消息人士稱："哈里從來沒有想過簽署婚前協(xié)議這些問題，他確定他的婚姻能夠長久(He's determined that his marriage will be a lasting one)，所以他不需要簽署任何東西。"

此前有流言稱，英國王室要求哈里簽署婚前協(xié)議，以保護(hù)其名下財產(chǎn)。梅根與第一任丈夫、美國電影制作人特里沃·伊格森結(jié)婚兩年后分道揚鑣。據(jù)報道，哈里王子從生母戴安娜王妃那里繼承了約1000萬英鎊遺產(chǎn)(approximately ￡10 million inheritance from Princess Diana)，除此之外其名下還有約2000萬英鎊的資產(chǎn)。梅根依靠其演藝事業(yè)(acting career)和廣告代言(endorsements)，目前身家約500萬美元。在英國，婚前協(xié)議并不具備法律約束力，但在離婚案中越來越被視作重要參考(prenups are not legally enforceable in the UK, but are increasingly taken into account during divorce cases)。

驅(qū)逐外交官 expulsion of diplomats

The United States and its European allies are expelling dozens of Russian diplomats in a co-ordinated response to the poisoning of a former Russian spy in the UK.
美國及其歐洲盟友驅(qū)逐數(shù)十位俄羅斯外交官以協(xié)同應(yīng)對前俄羅斯特工在英國中毒事件。

Expel這個詞意思很直接，就是“開除、驅(qū)逐、排出”，一般來說，某人被學(xué)校或單位開除可以用someone was expelled from school/company。我們這里所說的“俄羅斯外交官被驅(qū)逐出歐美各國”完整表達(dá)出來就是Russian diplomats will be expelled from the US and dozens of European countries.

3月4日，前俄英雙重間諜（double agent）謝爾蓋?斯克里帕利及其女兒尤利婭在英國索爾茲伯里被發(fā)現(xiàn)失去意識，后期檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)二人所中為某種神經(jīng)毒劑（nerve agent）。英國指責(zé)俄羅斯與此事有關(guān)，俄羅斯堅決否認(rèn)牽涉其中（Russia denied any involvement）。

目前已有二十多個國家與英國采取一致行動（more than 20 countries have aligned with the UK），宣布將驅(qū)逐100多名俄外交官，其中包括：美國、發(fā)過、德國、波蘭、捷克共和國、立陶宛、丹麥、荷蘭、意大利、西班牙等。

Iceland has also announced it is suspending high-level dialogue with Russian authorities, and its leaders will not attend the World Cup, which starts in Russia in June.
冰島還宣布暫停與俄羅斯政府的高級別對話，同時，該國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不會出席6月的俄羅斯世界杯期間的活動。

The UK said earlier this month it would not send ministers or members of the Royal Family to the football tournament.
英國在本月初也表示部長級官員或王室成員不會出席俄羅斯世界杯期間的活動。

對于歐美國家的統(tǒng)一行動，俄羅斯外交部發(fā)表聲明稱，各國驅(qū)逐俄外交官旨在加劇緊張局勢和對抗。

"It goes without saying that this unfriendly act by this group of countries will not go without notice and we will react to it," its statement said.
俄羅斯外交部在聲明中表示：“毫無疑問，我們不會無視這些國家集體采取的不友好行為，并將對此采取回應(yīng)行動?！?/p>

洋垃圾 foreign garbage

The 2018-20 action plan for implementation of the country's reform plan to ban waste imports and the 2018 action plan for inspections on pollution caused by processing imported waste were approved on Monday by the first executive meeting of the newly established Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
生態(tài)環(huán)境部26日召開第一次常務(wù)會議，通過了關(guān)于全面落實禁止洋垃圾入境改革實施方案的2018—2020年行動方案，以及進(jìn)口固體廢物加工利用企業(yè)環(huán)境違法問題專項督查2018年行動方案。

洋垃圾（foreign garbage），指進(jìn)口固體廢物（imported solid waste），有時又特指以走私、夾帶等方式進(jìn)口國家禁止進(jìn)口的固體廢物（banned solid waste smuggled into China）或未經(jīng)許可擅自進(jìn)口屬于限制進(jìn)口的固體廢物。

2017年7月18日，中國正式通知世界貿(mào)易組織，從2017年年底開始將不再接收外來垃圾，包括廢棄塑膠（plastic waste）、紙類（paper waste）及紡織品（fabrics）等。

生態(tài)環(huán)境部有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，禁止洋垃圾入境是黨中央、國務(wù)院在新時期新形勢下作出的一項重大決策部署，是我國生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的標(biāo)志性舉措（a landmark measure for the country's construction of an ecological civilization）。“要堅定不移、不折不扣地落實好這項工作。要著眼于推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，統(tǒng)籌考慮行動方案目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面提升我國固體廢物污染防治水平（improve China's capability in solid waste pollution control）。要加強(qiáng)部門間協(xié)調(diào)溝通，加大信息共享及聯(lián)動執(zhí)法力度，建立長效工作機(jī)制（a long-term working procedure featuring information sharing and coordinated law enforcement will be established）。要進(jìn)一步完善監(jiān)管制度，強(qiáng)化洋垃圾非法入境管控（the border controls on illegal foreign garbage will be intensified），深入實施全過程監(jiān)管（the entire process in the industry will be inspected），確保各項任務(wù)落實到位?！?/p>

快遞業(yè)新規(guī) new rules for the express delivery sector

New rules have been announced for the express delivery sector, demanding companies use eco-friendly, biodegradable and reusable packaging materials.
我國頒布快遞業(yè)新規(guī)，要求企業(yè)使用環(huán)保、可生物降解、可重復(fù)利用的包裝材料。

27日，我國第一部專門針對快遞業(yè)的行業(yè)法規(guī)《快遞暫行條例》(以下簡稱《條例》)出臺，新規(guī)將自5月1日起施行(be set to take effect on May 1)?！稐l例》規(guī)定要加強(qiáng)消費者保護(hù)(improve the protection of consumers)、應(yīng)對包括信息安全和包裝廢棄物等新問題(tackle emerging problems, including information security and packaging waste)。經(jīng)營快遞業(yè)務(wù)的企業(yè)及其從業(yè)人員(enterprises or individuals engaging in express delivery services)出售或泄露用戶信息(sell or disclose users' information)，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的將面臨最高被處以10萬元的罰款(face a maximum 100,000 yuan penalty)。此外，《條例》還規(guī)定快遞服務(wù)企業(yè)要在七天內(nèi)處理投訴問題(deal with complaints within seven days)，否則將受到行政處罰(administrative penalty)。

國家郵政局方面稱，《條例》是在我國快遞業(yè)實現(xiàn)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上制定的。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，快遞業(yè)近十年發(fā)展迅猛，2017年全國快遞業(yè)務(wù)量完成了400.6億件，是2007年的33.4倍，年均增長達(dá)到42%(average annual growth of 42%)，連續(xù)四年業(yè)務(wù)量位居世界第一(top the world for four straight years in terms of volume)。2017年我國快遞業(yè)營收達(dá)4950億元(see 495 billion yuan worth of revenue)。

習(xí)近平同金正恩舉行會談 Xi Jinping, Kim Jong Un hold talks

At the invitation of Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Chinese president, Kim Jong Un, chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), paid an unofficial visit to China from Sunday to Wednesday. During the visit, Xi held talks with Kim at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
應(yīng)中共中央總書記、國家主席習(xí)近平邀請，朝鮮勞動黨委員長、國務(wù)委員會委員長金正恩于3月25日至28日對我國進(jìn)行非正式訪問。訪問期間，習(xí)近平在人民大會堂同金正恩舉行會談。

The two leaders thoroughly exchanged views on the situation of the world and the Korean Peninsula.
雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就國際和朝鮮半島形勢深入交換意見。

Xi said that positive changes had taken place on the Korean Peninsula since this year, and China appreciates the important efforts made by the DPRK. On the Korean Peninsula issue, Xi said that China sticks to the goal of denuclearization of the peninsula, safeguarding peace and stability on the peninsula and solving problems through dialogue and consultation. China calls on all parties to support the improvement of inter-Korean ties, and take concrete efforts to facilitate peace talks, said Xi, noting that China will continue to play constructive role on the issue and work with all parties, including the DPRK, toward the thaw of the situation on the peninsula.
習(xí)近平指出，今年以來，朝鮮半島形勢發(fā)生積極變化。朝方為此作出了重要努力，我們對此表示贊賞。在半島問題上，我們堅持實現(xiàn)半島無核化目標(biāo)、維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定、通過對話協(xié)商解決問題。我們呼吁各方支持半島北南雙方改善關(guān)系，共同為勸和促談作出切實努力。中方愿在半島問題上繼續(xù)發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用，同包括朝方在內(nèi)的各方一道努力，共同推動半島形勢走向緩和。

Kim said that the situation on the Korean Peninsula is starting to get better, as the DPRK has taken the initiative to ease tensions and put forward proposals for peace talks. "It is our consistent stand to be committed to denuclearization on the peninsula, in accordance with the will of late President Kim Il Sung and late General Secretary Kim Jong Il," he said. Kim said that the DPRK is determined to transform the inter-Korean ties into a relationship of reconciliation and cooperation and hold summit between the heads of the two sides. The DPRK is willing to have dialogue with the United States and hold a summit of the two countries, he said. "The issue of denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula can be resolved, if south Korea and the United States respond to our efforts with goodwill, create an atmosphere of peace and stability while taking progressive and synchronous measures for the realization of peace," said Kim. The DPRK hopes to enhance strategic communication with China during the process, jointly safeguard the trend of consultation and dialogue as well as peace and stability on the peninsula, said Kim.
金正恩表示，當(dāng)前朝鮮半島形勢開始向好發(fā)展。我們主動采取了措施緩和緊張局勢，提出了和平對話建議。按照金日成主席和金正日總書記的遺訓(xùn)，致力于實現(xiàn)半島無核化，是我們始終不變的立場。我們決心將北南關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹徒夂献鞯年P(guān)系，舉行北南首腦會晤，愿意同美方對話，舉行朝美首腦會晤。如果南朝鮮和美國以善意回應(yīng)我們的努力，營造和平穩(wěn)定的氛圍，為實現(xiàn)和平采取階段性、同步的措施，半島無核化問題是能夠得到解決的。在這一進(jìn)程中，我們希望同中方加強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)略溝通，共同維護(hù)協(xié)商對話勢頭和半島和平穩(wěn)定。

沙塵天氣 sandy and dusty weather

The Beijing Meteorological Service issued a warning on Wednesday morning on sandy and dusty weather in the city.
北京市氣象局3月28日早晨發(fā)布沙塵天氣預(yù)警。

Sand blew in from Mongolia on Monday, affecting an area of 1.5 million square kilometers as of Wednesday noon, including the Inner Mongolia autonomous region; Shanxi, Hebei and Jilin provinces; and Beijing and Tianjin municipalities, the China Meteorological Administration said.
據(jù)中央氣象臺介紹，此次沙塵源自蒙古國，覆蓋范圍涉及內(nèi)蒙古、山西、河北、吉林，以及北京、天津等地，影響面積約150萬平方公里。

The sand worsened air quality so much in many places that it exceed the ability of equipment to measure it, the administration said.
中央氣象臺介紹，此次沙塵天氣強(qiáng)度大，造成多地空氣質(zhì)量爆表。

監(jiān)測顯示，北京地區(qū)28日5時至7時，PM10小時濃度瞬間由282微克/立方米飆升到接近2000微克/立方米，定陵達(dá)3157微克/立方米，同時，北京大部PM2.5峰值濃度為180～335微克/立方米，出現(xiàn)混合型嚴(yán)重污染。

PM2.5與PM10有何區(qū)別

PM2.5是指大氣中直徑小于或等于2.5微米的顆粒物（particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter），可直接進(jìn)入人體的肺泡（alveoli of the lungs），也稱為可入肺顆粒物。它的直徑還不到人的頭發(fā)絲粗細(xì)的1/20。雖然PM2.5只是地球大氣成分中含量很少的組分，但它對空氣質(zhì)量和能見度（air quality and visibility）等有重要的影響。與較粗的大氣顆粒物相比，PM2.5粒徑小，富含大量的有毒、有害物質(zhì)（toxic and hazardous matters）且在大氣中的停留時間長、輸送距離遠(yuǎn)，因而對人體健康和大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響更大。

PM10是可吸入顆粒物（inhalable particulate matter），一般名稱上講可吸入顆粒物指的是PM10，就是說這個空氣中顆粒物的直徑從空氣動力學(xué)來講直徑大小是十個微米，是能夠吸入呼吸道的，從上呼吸道，通過聲門能夠到下呼吸道，所以它叫可吸入顆粒物PM10。

此次沙塵是何原因?qū)е拢?/p>

中央氣象臺介紹，3月以來，我國北方地區(qū)降水偏少（little rain），氣溫偏高（higher than normal temperature），其中內(nèi)蒙古中部及華北等地降水偏少三至八成，氣溫偏高2℃至6℃，加之北方地區(qū)地表土壤已基本解凍（with surface soil thawing），氣象條件總體有利于沙塵天氣的生成。而且本次影響我國北方地區(qū)的氣旋發(fā)展強(qiáng)盛，從蒙古國起源的沙塵天氣（sand blew in from Mongolia），隨氣旋東移發(fā)展攜帶上游的沙塵，一路向西影響到京津冀及東北地區(qū)。

沙塵和霾為何會同時出現(xiàn)？

生態(tài)環(huán)境部中國環(huán)境監(jiān)測總站首席預(yù)報員牛莉莉介紹，霧霾和沙塵同時出現(xiàn)并不是偶然現(xiàn)象。之前華北地區(qū)26日至28日有PM2.5為主的污染過程，西北方向冷空氣攜沙塵而來，冷空氣原本對于PM2.5是比較有利的擴(kuò)散條件（the cold air was supposed to be a favorbale condition to disperse PM2.5），然而冷空氣同時也帶來沙塵，導(dǎo)致沙塵沉降，產(chǎn)生PM10（it brought sand and dust on its way, resulting in higher PM10）。前期不利氣象條件生成了PM2.5，同時又傳輸過來PM10，就同時出現(xiàn)PM2.5和PM10。

中央氣象臺預(yù)計，未來10天，冷空氣（cold fronts）和氣旋（cyclone）活動較為活躍，新疆南疆盆地、內(nèi)蒙古中西部、西北地區(qū)東部等地多揚沙或浮塵天氣（sandy or dusty weather），局地有沙塵暴（sandstorms）。

增值稅減稅 VAT cut

China will cut value-added tax rates as part of a tax reduction package amounting to 400 billion yuan ($63.58 billion) this year to drive high-quality development, a State Council executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang decided on Wednesday.
國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)28日主持召開國務(wù)院常務(wù)會議，決定降低增值稅稅率，以促進(jìn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，全年減稅規(guī)模將達(dá)4000億元。

增值稅（value-added tax，VAT）的主要特點是以銷項稅（output tax）減去進(jìn)項稅（input tax），讓納稅人只為產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的增值部分納稅。

會議決定，從2018年5月1日起：

一是將制造業(yè)等行業(yè)增值稅稅率從17%降至16%，將交通運輸、建筑、基礎(chǔ)電信服務(wù)等行業(yè)及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等貨物的增值稅稅率從11%降至10%。
The tax rate for manufacturing will be lowered from 17 percent to 16 percent, and for transportation, construction, basic telecommunications services and farm produce from 11 percent to 10 percent.

二是統(tǒng)一增值稅小規(guī)模納稅人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。將工業(yè)企業(yè)和商業(yè)企業(yè)小規(guī)模納稅人的年銷售額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由50萬元和80萬元上調(diào)至500萬元，并在一定期限內(nèi)允許已登記為一般納稅人的企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)登記為小規(guī)模納稅人。
The meeting also decided to unify the standard for small-scale taxpayers, which raises the threshold of taxable annual sales volume for industrial and commercial enterprises from 500,000 yuan and 800,000 yuan, respectively, to 5 million yuan. Enterprises registered as general taxpayers will be allowed to switch their status to small-scale taxpayers within a given time.

三是對裝備制造等先進(jìn)制造業(yè)、研發(fā)等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)符合條件的企業(yè)和電網(wǎng)企業(yè)在一定時期內(nèi)未抵扣完的進(jìn)項稅額予以一次性退還。
As part of the tax cut package, eligible enterprises in advanced manufacturing, services and electric utilities shall receive a lump-sum refund for their initial input VAT payments yet to be deducted.

實施上述三項措施，全年將減輕市場主體稅負(fù)超過4000億元，內(nèi)外資企業(yè)都將同等受益（this round of tax cuts will apply to all manufacturing companies, be they domestic companies, joint ventures or wholly foreign owned companies）。

（中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 馬文英）