亞洲人比其他地區(qū)的人更“精于算數(shù)”，這種印象在西方世界深入人心，但這是事實(shí)嗎？沒(méi)錯(cuò)，事實(shí)確實(shí)如此?？梢赃@么說(shuō)，日常生活中中國(guó)人比美國(guó)人做更多算數(shù)。在中國(guó)的日常就像參加一場(chǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試。

By Nelly Min

Asians are known the world over as being “good at math.” This is a stereotype perpetuated by popular culture in the West. But is there some truth to it? Yes, as it turns out. I can say that in daily life, Chinese people do more math than their American counterparts. In fact, one can even say daily life in China is an ongoing math test. Right off the top of my head, I can think of three examples, starting with shopping in China’s capital.
亞洲人比其他地區(qū)的人更“精于算數(shù)”，這種印象在西方世界深入人心，但這是事實(shí)嗎？沒(méi)錯(cuò)，事實(shí)確實(shí)如此?？梢赃@么說(shuō)，日常生活中中國(guó)人比美國(guó)人做更多算數(shù)。在中國(guó)的生活就像參加一場(chǎng)數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試，我當(dāng)下就可以想到三個(gè)例子，先拿在北京購(gòu)物來(lái)說(shuō)吧。

When you walk into any department store in Beijing, chances are there is a sale going on. You will see signs with a single digit number and the Chinese character zhe prominently displayed next to products that are on sale. Experienced shoppers can jump to the conclusion that 7 zhe must mean 70% discount. Alas, the Chinese system encourages shoppers to go one extra step in calculating their discount: i.e., 7 zhe means you pay 70 percent, resulting in a 30 percent discount. Some adults in the West couldn’t do this simple math in their heads. Because, why would you need to? We left all that behind in elementary school.
進(jìn)到北京任何一家百貨公司，你可能都會(huì)看到店家在搞促銷活動(dòng)，商品旁邊貼著醒目的促銷牌子，上邊會(huì)有數(shù)字和一個(gè)中國(guó)漢字“折”。經(jīng)常購(gòu)物的顧客可能草率地認(rèn)為7折也就是有70%的折扣。唉，中國(guó)這種促銷方式使得顧客在計(jì)算折扣的時(shí)候多了一步，比如說(shuō)7折就是支付70%，也就是30%的折扣。有些西方人就不會(huì)做這類簡(jiǎn)單的加減，有必要嗎？他們?cè)缇桶堰@點(diǎn)知識(shí)還給小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)老師了。

Another example is the loyalty card, or membership card, offered by retailers, dentists, hair salons and massage parlors, just to name a few. But signing up requires you to do math quickly in your head. The more you spend up front, the bigger the discounts, a not uncommon sales strategy. But commit at your own risk. If that business suddenly decides to close its doors, you will not be refunded, nor will you even be notified.
另一個(gè)例子就是在商店、牙醫(yī)診所、理發(fā)店或者按摩院等地方辦理的積分卡。當(dāng)你注冊(cè)會(huì)員也需要飛快地計(jì)算，花的錢(qián)越多得到的折扣就越多，這是一種常見(jiàn)的銷售策略。但是同時(shí)也要承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比如商店突然關(guān)門(mén)歇業(yè)，你連退款都拿不到，甚至對(duì)此毫不知情。

Shopping for groceries was among the challenges we first encountered in Beijing. Trying to buy milk and yogurt at the local supermarket almost turned into an international incident when, upon seeing all the past expired dates marked on packages throughout the entire dairy section, I demanded to see a manager and tried to bring it to his attention. In vain, of course, as the language barrier prevented us from communicating effectively. Later, a friend explained that those were production dates, not expiration dates, as I had assumed. She also showed me where they helpfully printed the shelf life of each product. So, to put it in American terms, production date+shelf life= expiration date. Again, they are encouraging shoppers to do math.
在北京的雜貨店購(gòu)物也是我們初到北京市遇到的挑戰(zhàn)之一，逛超市時(shí)還差一點(diǎn)釀出一起“國(guó)際事故”。當(dāng)時(shí)我們想買(mǎi)點(diǎn)牛奶和酸奶，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)整個(gè)奶制品區(qū)食品包裝上的日期已經(jīng)過(guò)期了，我要求見(jiàn)經(jīng)理向?qū)Ψ椒从硢?wèn)題。當(dāng)然，因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言障礙我們沒(méi)有達(dá)成有效溝通，白費(fèi)了力氣。后來(lái)有朋友解釋說(shuō)，那些是生產(chǎn)日期而不是我認(rèn)為的到期日，她還告訴我廠家貼心地把每件商品的保質(zhì)期印在哪。所以按照美國(guó)的理解，就是生產(chǎn)日期+保質(zhì)期=到期日。他們又在鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者做算數(shù)了。

Newcomers to China will no doubt be confused about this system, which nobody here seems to think twice about. But as an American, it was all very taxing until I got clued in. I often felt put out that I had to be doing math when I simply wanted to buy stuff. But now that I’ve been here a while, I see the wisdom of such a system. Could it be how Chinese people stay sharp into old age? After all, using your brain with word games and riddles are believed to be countermeasures against the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and other age-related ailments. It appears that in China, they’ve incorporated into ordinary daily life a brilliant system where nobody forgets their early math lessons.
剛來(lái)中國(guó)的人毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)會(huì)被這種邏輯弄暈，而中國(guó)人卻早已是司空見(jiàn)慣了。作為一個(gè)美國(guó)人，我費(fèi)了很大勁兒才能弄明白。我經(jīng)常覺(jué)得，自己只是想買(mǎi)點(diǎn)東西，卻要做算數(shù)，真是不爽。但在這兒呆了一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在我才發(fā)現(xiàn)這種體系的智慧所在。這會(huì)不會(huì)就是中國(guó)人就算步入老年仍能保持思維敏捷的秘訣呢？畢竟動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子做文字和猜謎游戲能有效對(duì)抗老年癡呆以及其他與年齡相關(guān)的疾病。而在中國(guó)，他們將這種聰明的體系滲透到日常生活中，學(xué)到的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)總是不會(huì)荒廢。

英文來(lái)源：“CHINA DAILY”微信公眾號(hào)
翻譯：常雪楠（實(shí)習(xí)）
編審：丹妮 董靜
音頻編輯：唐曉敏

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Nelly Min is senior editor for the Chinese government website. She has more than 20 years of experience as a photographer and copy editor at major metropolitan newspapers in the U.S., including the Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times. She has lived in Beijing for 7 years.