世界首個(gè)體細(xì)胞克隆猴在中國(guó)誕生
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2018-01-25 11:34
1月25日,中科院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所團(tuán)隊(duì)宣布完成世界首例體細(xì)胞克隆猴,分別叫“中中”和“華華”。它們的“故事”登上了國(guó)際權(quán)威學(xué)術(shù)期刊《細(xì)胞》封面,這意味著中國(guó)科學(xué)家成功突破了現(xiàn)有技術(shù)無(wú)法克隆靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物的世界難題。
"Zhongzhong" and "Huahua", the world's first cloned monkeys using somatic cells, play in their chamber at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neurosciences in Shanghai. Photo provided to China Daily |
By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques named "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua" by nuclear transferring of somatic cells -- any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.
去年12月,中科院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所利用體細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)移技術(shù)成功培養(yǎng)了兩只克隆猴“中中”和“華華”。體細(xì)胞指機(jī)體中除了生殖細(xì)胞以外的其他所有細(xì)胞。
這里的“體細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)移(somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)”其實(shí)就是我們所說(shuō)的克隆技術(shù)(clone),中國(guó)科學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所孫強(qiáng)研究員介紹稱(chēng),克隆的過(guò)程就是,取到(猴子的)一個(gè)卵母細(xì)胞(egg cell),把細(xì)胞核去掉(remove the nucleus),再把體細(xì)胞跟去核的卵母細(xì)胞融合,重新構(gòu)建一個(gè)胚胎(embryo),并且把這個(gè)胚胎激活,讓它像早期的正常受精卵一樣去發(fā)育,然后經(jīng)過(guò)卵裂(cleavage)、著床(implantation),最后變成個(gè)體。
自1996年第一只克隆羊“多利”(Dolly the Cloned Sheep)誕生以來(lái),20多年間,各國(guó)科學(xué)家利用體細(xì)胞先后克隆了牛、鼠、貓、狗等動(dòng)物,但一直沒(méi)有克服與人類(lèi)最相近的非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物克?。╪onhuman primate cloning)的難題。
歷時(shí)五年、在經(jīng)歷無(wú)數(shù)次的嘗試后,中國(guó)科學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所孫強(qiáng)研究員團(tuán)隊(duì)終于在國(guó)際上首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物的體細(xì)胞克隆。
"Zhongzhong" and "Huahua", the world's first cloned monkeys using somatic cells, play in their chamber at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neurosciences in Shanghai. Photo provided to China Daily |
Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua were the result of 79 attempts. Two other monkeys were initially cloned from a different type of cell, but failed to survive.
“中中”和“華華”是79次嘗試之后取得的成果。最初曾用其他類(lèi)型的細(xì)胞克隆出兩只猴子,但是沒(méi)有存活。
體細(xì)胞克隆猴的成功,將推動(dòng)我國(guó)率先發(fā)展出基于非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)疾病動(dòng)物模型的全新醫(yī)藥研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,促進(jìn)針對(duì)阿爾茨海默?。ˋlzheimer disease)、自閉癥(autism)等腦疾病,以及免疫缺陷(immune disorders)、腫瘤(tumors)、代謝性疾?。╩etabolic disorders)的新藥研發(fā)進(jìn)程。
這個(gè)生物學(xué)前沿的難題的突破也意味著,以我國(guó)科學(xué)家為主導(dǎo)的靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)全腦圖譜計(jì)劃的實(shí)施和靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)腦科學(xué)的前沿研究(implementation of international science projects related to neural mapping of primate brains and leadning-edge research of primate brain science),將進(jìn)一步使我國(guó)成為世界腦科學(xué)人才的匯聚高地。
中國(guó)科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)白春禮指出:“體細(xì)胞克隆猴的成功,以及未來(lái)基于體細(xì)胞克隆猴的疾病模型的創(chuàng)建,將有效縮短藥物研發(fā)周期(shorten drug development cycle),提高藥物研發(fā)成功率(improve success rate of drug research and development),使我國(guó)率先發(fā)展出基于非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)疾病動(dòng)物模型(animal model of nonhuman primate disease)的全新醫(yī)藥研發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈(industry chain of new drug research and development based on ),有力推動(dòng)我國(guó)新藥創(chuàng)制與研發(fā),助力“健康中國(guó)2030(Healthy China 2030)”目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)?!?/p>
【相關(guān)詞匯】
非生殖細(xì)胞 non-reproductive cells
動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn) animal tests
胚胎分割 embryo splitting
非人靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi) nonhuman primate
靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)全腦圖譜 neural mapping of primate brains
基因編輯 genetic reprogramming
(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 馬文英)