12月新聞熱詞匯總
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2017-12-29 09:33
12月,中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定出臺(tái)五周年,中紀(jì)委推出主題表情包。北京城管部門(mén)開(kāi)展“亮出天際線”行動(dòng),違規(guī)廣告牌被拆?!斗撮g諜法實(shí)施細(xì)則》發(fā)布,習(xí)近平主席強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略,我國(guó)放寬中醫(yī)診所開(kāi)辦標(biāo)準(zhǔn),生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度明年起全國(guó)實(shí)施。我國(guó)研發(fā)的全世界最大的水陸兩棲飛機(jī)“鯤龍”AG600成功首飛,國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē)輛道路測(cè)試實(shí)施細(xì)則在北京發(fā)布。
八項(xiàng)規(guī)定表情包 a set of animated gifs on the eight-point frugality code
The CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) released a set of animated gifs on the eight-point frugality code to mark the fifth anniversary of the code's release on Sunday.
中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定實(shí)施五周年之際,中紀(jì)委于12月3日發(fā)布了以八項(xiàng)規(guī)定為主題的一組動(dòng)圖表情包。
The gifs are intended to explain the code to the public in a way catering to popular taste, and close the distance between the people and the authority, said CCDI in a statement.
中紀(jì)委在一份聲明中表示,這些動(dòng)圖旨在用大眾喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的方式宣傳八項(xiàng)規(guī)定,拉近大眾與紀(jì)檢監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)的距離。
2012年12月4日,中共中央政治局召開(kāi)會(huì)議,審議并通過(guò)了中央政治局關(guān)于改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)、密切聯(lián)系群眾的八項(xiàng)規(guī)定(eight-point code to cut bureaucracy and maintain close ties with the people)。八項(xiàng)規(guī)定的主要內(nèi)容包括:改進(jìn)調(diào)查研究、精簡(jiǎn)會(huì)議活動(dòng)(reduce meetings and celebratory events)、精簡(jiǎn)文件簡(jiǎn)報(bào)(reduce issuance of documents and briefings)、規(guī)范出訪活動(dòng)、改進(jìn)警衛(wèi)工作,改進(jìn)新聞報(bào)道(media coverage)、嚴(yán)格文稿發(fā)表(publication under an individual's name)以及厲行節(jié)約(practice frugality)。
天際線 skyline
The Beijing city management authority is limiting the number and placement of signs on buildings in order to "create an urban skyline that is visually clear and bright", and strengthen urban management.
北京城管部門(mén)正在開(kāi)展限制建筑物廣告牌匾的數(shù)量和投放的治理行動(dòng),以“打造亮麗城市天際線”,并加強(qiáng)城市管理。
Skyline在英文中的解釋是“the outline of a group of buildings or a mountain range seen against the sky(建筑群或者山脈在天空映襯下展現(xiàn)出來(lái)的輪廓景觀)”,中文通常稱之為“天際線”,這也是城市景觀(urban landscape)的重要組成部分。
2017年9月出臺(tái)的《北京市牌匾標(biāo)識(shí)設(shè)置管理規(guī)范(修訂版)》明確規(guī)定,樓頂禁止設(shè)置牌匾、標(biāo)識(shí)、廣告等,已有的也要進(jìn)行清理拆除(all signs and billboards attached to roofs must be removed),核心城區(qū)、長(zhǎng)安街沿線、二三四環(huán)沿線是重點(diǎn)。
紅船精神 Red Boat Spirit
General Secretary Xi Jinping's instructions on carrying forward revolutionary spirit such as that embodied in "Red Boat Spirit" should be implemented earnestly amid the Party's efforts to strive toward fulfilling the goals set at the 19th CPC National Congress, said Wang Huning, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, on Monday.
中共中央政治局常委王滬寧4日強(qiáng)調(diào),要認(rèn)真貫徹習(xí)近平總書(shū)記關(guān)于弘揚(yáng)"紅船精神"等革命精神的重要指示,為實(shí)現(xiàn)黨的十九大提出的任務(wù)不懈努力。
弘揚(yáng)"紅船精神(Red Boat Spirit)"座談會(huì)4日在浙江嘉興召開(kāi)。中共中央政治局常委、中央書(shū)記處書(shū)記王滬寧出席會(huì)議并講話。他表示,習(xí)近平總書(shū)記提出并闡釋了"紅船精神"的深刻內(nèi)涵和時(shí)代價(jià)值(mention the idea of Red Boat Spirit and elaborate on its meaning and value),并在瞻仰南湖紅船時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)要結(jié)合時(shí)代特點(diǎn)大力弘揚(yáng)"紅船精神"。
王滬寧表示,"紅船精神"是中國(guó)革命精神之源(the origin of China's revolutionary spirit),昭示著中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人的初心(it reflects the original aspirations of the CPC members)。它所承載的首創(chuàng)精神、奮斗精神、奉獻(xiàn)精神,是激勵(lì)我們黨頑強(qiáng)奮斗、不斷發(fā)展壯大的精神動(dòng)力(a symbol of creativity, hard work and devotion, it is the spiritual power that encourages the Party to keep working hard and developing),是我們黨立黨興黨、執(zhí)政興國(guó)的寶貴精神財(cái)富(valuable spiritual wealth),也是新時(shí)代堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)精神支撐(the strong spiritual support for the Party to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics)。要深化對(duì)"紅船精神"等革命精神的學(xué)習(xí)宣傳,加強(qiáng)理論研究闡釋(enhance theoretical research and elaboration),加大宣傳力度,開(kāi)展形式多樣的教育實(shí)踐,引導(dǎo)人們積極投身新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大實(shí)踐(engage in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era)。
1921年7月30日晚,在上海召開(kāi)的中共一大(the first CPC National Congress)因遭到法租界(French concession area)巡捕襲擾,被迫轉(zhuǎn)移到嘉興南湖(Nanhu Lake)的一條小船上繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,在這里完成了大會(huì)議程,宣告中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立(the founding of the Party),中國(guó)的歷史開(kāi)啟了全新的篇章。
反間諜法 Counterespionage Law
On Wednesday, the State Council issued a document for the implementation of China's Counterespionage Law.
國(guó)務(wù)院6日發(fā)布《反間諜法實(shí)施細(xì)則》。
《反間諜法》于2014年11月頒布實(shí)施,是我國(guó)為了防范對(duì)國(guó)家安全的威脅(guard against perceived threats to national security)而實(shí)施的一部法律。根據(jù)這部法律,國(guó)家安全機(jī)關(guān)在執(zhí)行反間諜任務(wù)(carry out counterespionage duties)時(shí)擁有廣泛權(quán)力,包括可以調(diào)查任何涉嫌間諜行為的個(gè)人或組織(investigate any individual or organization suspected of espionage),凍結(jié)或沒(méi)收任何與間諜行為有關(guān)的財(cái)物(freeze or seize any property linked to acts of espionage)。
國(guó)務(wù)院6日發(fā)布了該法律的實(shí)施細(xì)則(detailed rules for the implementation of the law)。根據(jù)細(xì)則,被認(rèn)為入境后可能進(jìn)行危害國(guó)家安全活動(dòng)(be likely to engage in activities that might endanger national security)的境外個(gè)人,國(guó)家安全機(jī)關(guān)可以決定其在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)不得入境。對(duì)涉嫌間諜行為的人員(individuals suspected of espionage),國(guó)家安全機(jī)關(guān)可以決定其在一定期限內(nèi)不得出境。對(duì)違反反間諜法(violate the counter-espionage law)的境外個(gè)人,國(guó)家安全機(jī)關(guān)可以決定將其驅(qū)逐出境。
根據(jù)細(xì)則,國(guó)家安全機(jī)關(guān)依法執(zhí)行反間諜工作任務(wù)時(shí),對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)身份不明、有危害國(guó)家安全行為的嫌疑人員,可以檢查其隨帶物品(check the personal belongings)。需嚴(yán)厲對(duì)待的行為定義也擴(kuò)大了,例如利用宗教或邪教危害國(guó)家安全(use religion or cults to harm national security)。捏造、歪曲事實(shí)(fabricate or distort facts),發(fā)表、散布危害國(guó)家安全的信息(issue information that harms China's national security)的境內(nèi)外組織、個(gè)人要受到懲罰。
國(guó)家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略 national big data strategy
Implementing the national big data strategy to better serve social and economic development and improve people's lives should be accelerated, President Xi Jinping said at a key meeting. Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, made the remark at a collective study session of the CPC Central Committee's Political Bureau on Friday.
中共中央總書(shū)記、國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平12月8日主持中共中央政治局集體學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào),要推動(dòng)實(shí)施國(guó)家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略,更好服務(wù)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和人民生活改善。
大數(shù)據(jù)(big data)指規(guī)模巨大且復(fù)雜,用現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)處理工具(on-hand database management tools)難以獲取(capture)、整理( curate)、管理( manage)以及處理(process)的數(shù)據(jù)信息統(tǒng)稱。大數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn)可以總結(jié)為4V:volume(大量)、velocity(高速)、variety(多變)、veracity(準(zhǔn)確)。
習(xí)近平在講話時(shí)指出:
我們要瞄準(zhǔn)世界科技前沿,集中優(yōu)勢(shì)資源突破大數(shù)據(jù)核心技術(shù),加快構(gòu)建自主可控的大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、價(jià)值鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
We should target cutting-edge technology and mobilize prime resources to make breakthroughs in developing core big data technology, and accelerate building an independent and controllable industrial chain, value chain and eco-system of big data.
建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系離不開(kāi)大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。
Research on and use of big data is indispensable in building a modern economy.
推動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能同實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合,繼續(xù)做好信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合這篇大文章。
The internet, big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the real economy should be interconnected. Industrialization and the use of information should be integrated deeper.
要運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)促進(jìn)保障和改善民生。
Better use big data to guarantee and improve people's wellbeing
推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+教育”、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+醫(yī)療”、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+文化”等,不斷提升公共服務(wù)均等化、普惠化、便捷化水平。
The advancement of "Internet plus education," "Internet plus medical treatment" and "Internet plus culture" to further ensure citizens' equitable access to public services.
要加強(qiáng)精準(zhǔn)扶貧、生態(tài)環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的大數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用。
Big data should be used extensively in implementing targeted poverty reduction and environmental protection
強(qiáng)化國(guó)家關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)資源保護(hù)能力,加快法規(guī)制度建設(shè),完善數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度。
Strengthen the ability to protect the nation's crucial data resources, speed up relevant legislation, and improve protection of data property rights.
要加大對(duì)技術(shù)專利、數(shù)字版權(quán)、數(shù)字內(nèi)容產(chǎn)品及個(gè)人隱私等的保護(hù)力度,維護(hù)廣大人民群眾利益、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、國(guó)家安全。
Protection of technical patents, digital copyrights and individual privacy should be enhanced to safeguard people's interests, social stability and national security.
善于獲取數(shù)據(jù)、分析數(shù)據(jù)、運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù),是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部做好工作的基本功。
The ability to obtain, analyze and use data is the basic skill for leading officials to perform their duty.
中醫(yī)診所 TCM clinics
China has relaxed standards for setting up traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, according to documents released by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Monday.
國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局11日發(fā)布文件,我國(guó)將放寬開(kāi)設(shè)中醫(yī)診所的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
此次印發(fā)的診所標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為兩類:一類是在中醫(yī)藥理論指導(dǎo)下,運(yùn)用中藥(traditional Chinese medicine)和針灸(acupuncture)、拔罐(cupping)、推拿(massage)等非藥物療法開(kāi)展診療服務(wù),以及中藥調(diào)劑(TCM prescription)、湯劑(TCM herbal soup)煎煮等中藥藥事服務(wù)的診所,中醫(yī)藥治療率達(dá)100%。該類診所采用備案制管理,適用《中醫(yī)診所基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。另一類是提供中西兩法服務(wù)和不符合 《中醫(yī)診所備案管理暫行辦法》規(guī)定的服務(wù)范圍或者存在不可控的醫(yī)療安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的中醫(yī)(綜合)診所(combination of TCM and western medicine),適用《中醫(yī)(綜合)診所基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。
根據(jù)《中醫(yī)診所基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,設(shè)置傳統(tǒng)純中醫(yī)診所,需要至少有1名滿足相應(yīng)要求的執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師(qualified practioner);開(kāi)展中藥飲片調(diào)劑活動(dòng)的,至少有1名具備資質(zhì)的中藥技術(shù)人員(technical personnel of TCM)。新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不再對(duì)中藥房飲片品種(types of prepared herbal medicine)、診室面積(consulting room area)等設(shè)定具體數(shù)字門(mén)檻,但增加了感染控制(infection control)的內(nèi)容,要求診所制定感染控制制度和流程,中醫(yī)藥技術(shù)操作符合中醫(yī)醫(yī)療技術(shù)相關(guān)性感染預(yù)防與控制等有關(guān)規(guī)定。
根據(jù)《中醫(yī)(綜合)診所基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,中醫(yī)(綜合)診所仍應(yīng)以提供中醫(yī)藥門(mén)診診斷和治療為主(prioritize TCM),中醫(yī)藥治療率不低于85%。并設(shè)置診所建筑面積不少于40平方米(the clinic should cover a total of more than 40 square meters )、衛(wèi)生技術(shù)人員人均面積不少于10平方米(provide at least 10 square meters per practitioner on average)、每室(含中藥存放、調(diào)劑區(qū))不少于10平方米等具體條件。
3D打印 3D printing
The government expects the 3D printing industry to maintain an annual growth rate of more than 30 percent in the coming years and its revenue to top 20 billion yuan (around $3 billion) in 2020, according to guidelines released Wednesday by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and 11 other agencies.
工業(yè)和信息化部等12部門(mén)聯(lián)合制定的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃提出,到2020年,我國(guó)3D打印產(chǎn)業(yè)年銷售收入超過(guò)200億元,年均增速在30%以上。
“3D打印”(3D printing)的專業(yè)名稱為增材制造(additive manufacturing,AM),是以數(shù)字模型為基礎(chǔ),將材料逐層堆積制造出實(shí)體物品的新興制造技術(shù)(a new technology that adds material together to create a real object)。增材制造產(chǎn)業(yè)是先進(jìn)制造業(yè)(advanced manufacuring)的重要組成部分。
計(jì)劃提出,到2020年開(kāi)展100個(gè)以上試點(diǎn)示范項(xiàng)目(more than 100 pilot programs),推動(dòng)增材制造在10個(gè)重點(diǎn)制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域(10 key manufacturing sectors)的示范應(yīng)用,加快培育一批創(chuàng)新能力突出、特色鮮明的示范企業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚區(qū),推動(dòng)增材制造在航空、航天、船舶、汽車(chē)、醫(yī)療、文化、教育等領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)規(guī)?;瘧?yīng)用。關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)達(dá)到國(guó)際同步發(fā)展水平(homegrown core technology will reach international levels),培育2-3家以上具有較強(qiáng)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的龍頭企業(yè)( foster two or three domestic firms able to take on global rivals with their products recognized in overseas markets),在部分領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)規(guī)模化應(yīng)用,國(guó)際發(fā)展能力明顯提升。
生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償 ecological and environmental damage compensation
中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳近日印發(fā)了《生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度改革方案》,自2018年1月1日起,在全國(guó)試行生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度。
By 2020, China aims to establish an efficient comprehensive damage compensation system to protect and improve the country's ecosystem.
到2020年,力爭(zhēng)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)構(gòu)建保障有力、修復(fù)有效的生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度。
該方案中所稱生態(tài)環(huán)境損害(ecological and environmental damage),是指因污染環(huán)境、破壞生態(tài)(environmental pollution and ecological damage)造成大氣、地表水、地下水、土壤、森林等環(huán)境要素和植物、動(dòng)物、微生物等生物要素的不利改變(unfavorable changes of environmental elements such as air, surface water, underground water, soil and forest, as well as biological elements such as plants, animals and microbes),以及上述要素構(gòu)成的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能退化(functional deterioration of ecosystem)。
方案規(guī)定,違反法律法規(guī),造成生態(tài)環(huán)境損害的單位或個(gè)人(individuals or companies that cause environmental damage),應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償責(zé)任,做到應(yīng)賠盡賠;生態(tài)環(huán)境損害無(wú)法修復(fù)的(if the damages are beyond restoration),實(shí)施貨幣賠償(monetary compensation),用于替代修復(fù)。省級(jí)、市地級(jí)政府可指定相關(guān)部門(mén)或機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償具體工作(the process will be managed by institutions designated by provincial or municipal governments)。跨省域的生態(tài)環(huán)境損害(trans-provincial ecological damage),由生態(tài)環(huán)境損害地的相關(guān)省級(jí)政府協(xié)商開(kāi)展生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償工作。
自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē)輛 autonomous vehicle
China's first guideline on road tests of autonomous vehicles was released on Monday by local authorities in Beijing, signaling the country's determination to accelerate the development of the technology.
北京市交通管理部門(mén)18日發(fā)布了國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē)輛道路測(cè)試實(shí)施細(xì)則,表明了我國(guó)加速發(fā)展自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)技術(shù)的決心。
“自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē)輛”(autonomous vehicle/self-driving vehicle),又稱無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)或電腦駕駛汽車(chē),是通過(guò)電腦系統(tǒng)操控實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人駕駛的智能汽車(chē)。自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)依靠人工智能(artificial intelligence)、視覺(jué)計(jì)算(visual computing)、雷達(dá)(radar)、監(jiān)控裝置(monitoring devices)和全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)協(xié)同合作,讓電腦可以在沒(méi)有任何人類主動(dòng)的操作下,自動(dòng)安全地操作機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛。
細(xì)則規(guī)定,在中國(guó)境內(nèi)注冊(cè)的獨(dú)立法人單位(independent entities registered in China),可申請(qǐng)自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē)輛臨時(shí)上路行駛。自動(dòng)駕駛車(chē)輛須具備自動(dòng)、人工兩種駕駛模式(self-driving and conventional driving modes),可在兩種模式間隨時(shí)切換。為保證安全,測(cè)試車(chē)輛在上路測(cè)試前,必須在自動(dòng)駕駛封閉測(cè)試場(chǎng)進(jìn)行過(guò)不少于規(guī)定里程與規(guī)定測(cè)試環(huán)境的測(cè)試(finish tests with certain mileage at the designated training ground),測(cè)試結(jié)果經(jīng)專家評(píng)審認(rèn)定,具備條件才允許上路測(cè)試。
上路后,測(cè)試單位應(yīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)不低于500萬(wàn)人民幣的交通事故責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)(traffic accidents liability insurance)或提供不少于500萬(wàn)元的自動(dòng)駕駛道路測(cè)試事故賠償保函(letter of guarantee for damage compensation of self-driving road tests accidents)。
對(duì)測(cè)試駕駛員的要求,細(xì)則指出,測(cè)試主體應(yīng)與測(cè)試駕駛員簽訂勞動(dòng)合同;測(cè)試駕駛員應(yīng)當(dāng)持有機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)駕駛證(drving license),具有三年以上安全駕駛經(jīng)歷,無(wú)酒駕、毒駕經(jīng)歷(with no record of DUI)。
大熊貓便便 giant panda poo
The China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center in Sichuan has signed an agreement with Qianwei Fengsheng Paper to offer panda droppings and food residue to the company to help it generate more of its bamboo-based tissue.
中國(guó)大熊貓保護(hù)研究中心正式與四川犍為鳳生紙業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司簽訂合作協(xié)議,研究中心將大熊貓糞便和食物殘?jiān)┙o該公司,用于生產(chǎn)竹纖維紙巾。
熊貓糞便被稱為“青團(tuán)”(green balls),稍微干燥后,就會(huì)看到青團(tuán)的成分是細(xì)碎的竹節(jié)(broken bamboo leaves)。一只成年大熊貓,每天食用12-15公斤竹子。經(jīng)過(guò)熊貓消化后,這些食物會(huì)變成超過(guò)10公斤的糞便。另外,投食的竹子并不會(huì)被完全食用(pandas won't eat all the bamboo leaves provided to them),甚至絕大部分成為殘?jiān)?。每只大熊貓每天?huì)產(chǎn)生50公斤左右的竹子殘?jiān)╳aste bamboo leaves)。
根據(jù)協(xié)議,未來(lái)都江堰、臥龍、碧峰峽三大熊貓基地的熊貓食物殘?jiān)╢ood residue)、糞便(droppings)都將被回收利用,通過(guò)洗選(selecting and washing)、蒸煮(steaming)、高溫消毒(high-temperature sterilization)等環(huán)節(jié)提煉出植物纖維,來(lái)生產(chǎn)抽紙(box tissues)、卷紙(toilet rolls)、手帕紙(pocket tissues)等生活用紙。
目前,采用熊貓糞便生產(chǎn)的“山丘panda poo本色紙巾”已經(jīng)面市,每盒售價(jià)43元。
水陸兩棲飛機(jī) amphibious aircraft
China’s homegrown AG600,codenamed Kunlong,took to the skies on Sunday for its maiden flight.This is the world’s largest amphibious aircraft in production.
我國(guó)研發(fā)的“鯤龍”AG600飛機(jī)12月24日進(jìn)行首飛。這是全世界在研最大的水路兩棲飛機(jī)。
“鯤龍”AG600是我國(guó)為滿足森林滅火(forest firefighting)和水上救援(marine rescue)的迫切需要,首次研制的大型特種用途民用飛機(jī),是國(guó)家應(yīng)急救援體系建設(shè)急需的重大航空裝備。
森林滅火時(shí),它可多次往返高效率投水滅火,20秒內(nèi)可一次汲水12噸(collect 12 tons of water in 20 seconds),單次投水救火面積可達(dá)4000余平方米,接近一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)的面積。海上救援時(shí),“鯤龍”可快速響應(yīng)、到達(dá),在復(fù)雜氣象條件下實(shí)施救援,起降抗浪能力不低于2米,可一次救助50名海上遇險(xiǎn)人員(carry 50 people during search-and-rescue missions)。
AG600除了滿足森林滅火和水上救援要求,還能根據(jù)用戶的需要加改裝必要的設(shè)備,執(zhí)行海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)與保護(hù)(marine environment monitoring and protection)、資源探測(cè)(resources surveying)、島礁運(yùn)輸(personnel and supply transportation)等任務(wù),以及為“一帶一路”提供海上航行安全保障和緊急支援等任務(wù)。
AG600堅(jiān)持自主創(chuàng)新,以國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)商配套為主,全機(jī)5萬(wàn)多個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)及系統(tǒng)零部件中98%由國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)商提供(98 percent of the AG600's 50,000-plus components are supplied by Chinese companies),全機(jī)機(jī)載成品95%以上為國(guó)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。
“鯤龍”與我國(guó)運(yùn)—20大型運(yùn)輸機(jī)(the Y-20 transport plane)、C919大型噴氣式客機(jī)(the C919 jetliner)一起,被稱為中國(guó)大飛機(jī)“三劍客”。運(yùn)20和C919分別于2013年和2017年成功首飛。
甲骨文 oracle bone inscriptions
Ancient oracle bone inscriptions-the earliest documentary evidence found in China-became the 13th Chinese documentary heritage inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
甲骨文成功入選聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織“世界記憶名錄”,成為第13個(gè)成功入選的中國(guó)文獻(xiàn)遺產(chǎn)。甲骨文是中國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早的文獻(xiàn)材料。
世界記憶名錄(Memory of the World Register)是指符合世界意義、經(jīng)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界記憶工程國(guó)際咨詢委員會(huì)(International Advisory Committee of UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme)確認(rèn)而納入的文獻(xiàn)遺產(chǎn)(documentary heritage)項(xiàng)目。
根據(jù)世界記憶項(xiàng)目的定義,文獻(xiàn)遺產(chǎn)指的是具有信息內(nèi)容和載體的一份、或有邏輯連貫性的一組文獻(xiàn),如一個(gè)集合(a collection)、館藏(a holding)或檔案全宗(an archival fonds)。
此前已經(jīng)入選聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織“世界記憶名錄”的中國(guó)文獻(xiàn)遺產(chǎn)有:
中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)錄音檔案(Traditional Music Sound Archives)(1997年入選)
清代內(nèi)閣秘本檔(Records of the Qing's Grand Secretariat - 'Infiltration of Western Culture in China')(1999年入選)
東巴古籍文獻(xiàn)(Ancient Naxi Dongba Literature Manuscripts)(2003年入選)
清代科舉大金榜(Golden Lists of the Qing Dynasty Imperial Examination)(2005入選)
樣式雷建筑圖檔(Qing Dynasty Yangshi Lei Archives)(2007入選)
《本草綱目》(Compendium of Materia Medica)(2011年入選)
《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》(Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon)(2011年入選)
僑批檔案海外華僑銀信(Qiaopi and Yinxin Correspondence and Remittance Documents from Overseas Chinese)(2013年入選)
元代西藏官方檔案(Official Records of Tibet from the Yuan Dynasty China, 1304-1367)(2013年入選)
南京大屠殺檔案(Documents of the Nanjing Massacre)(2015年入選)
近現(xiàn)代中國(guó)蘇州絲綢檔案(The Archives of Suzhou Silk from Modern and Contemporary Times)(2017年入選)
清代澳門(mén)地方衙門(mén)檔案(Official Records of Macao During the Qing Dynasty,1693-1886)(2017年入選)
游戲障礙 gaming disorder
The World Health Organization is considering adding "gaming disorder" to the list of mental health conditions in its next update of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), according to a beta draft of the document.
世界衛(wèi)生組織擬在更新版的國(guó)際疾病分類草案中,將“游戲障礙”列為精神疾病。
在該草案的描述中,沉迷游戲的行為需符合以下三個(gè)特征才可能被歸為“游戲障礙”(gaming disorder):
if a person loses control over their gaming habits,
對(duì)游戲行為失去控制力,
if they start to prioritize gaming over many other interests or activities,
游戲?yàn)橄?,其他的?ài)好和活動(dòng)都為游戲讓路,
if they continue playing despite clear negative consequences.
出現(xiàn)明顯的負(fù)面影響之后,仍然堅(jiān)持玩游戲。
而且,這樣的游戲行為在個(gè)人、家庭、社交、教育、職場(chǎng)以及其他重要領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的不良影響(to result in significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning),才會(huì)被歸為精神疾病(mental health problem)。
對(duì)于游戲成癮是否該被歸為疾病在心理學(xué)界一直都有爭(zhēng)論。最大的問(wèn)題是,花很多時(shí)間打游戲和游戲成癮這兩種行為很難界定(hard to distinguish between simply spending a lot of time playing games and actual addictive behavior)。而且,有些抑郁癥或者焦慮癥患者可能會(huì)用打游戲或者酗酒等方式緩解抑郁癥狀。因此,這其中的利弊也要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)判定。
此前也有研究顯示,玩游戲可以幫助釋放壓力、提升解決問(wèn)題的能力以及眼手協(xié)調(diào)能力(enhance eye-hand coordination)。
微信身份證 WeChat ID card
China's first electronic "identification card" was issued in Guangzhou, South China's Guangdong province, on Monday.
12月25日,廣東省廣州市簽發(fā)了全國(guó)首張電子身份證。
這種電子身份證的全稱為“微信身份證網(wǎng)證”(WeChat electronic identity authentication certificate),是由公安部第一研究所在國(guó)家重大項(xiàng)目支撐下推出的身份證網(wǎng)上應(yīng)用憑證(identity authentication certificate for online application)。該應(yīng)用依據(jù)《居民身份證法》,以身份證制證數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)國(guó)家“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+可信身份認(rèn)證平臺(tái)(internet plus identity authentication platform)” 簽發(fā)與實(shí)體身份證芯片唯一對(duì)應(yīng)的電子文件——身份證“網(wǎng)證”。
該應(yīng)用引入了“微警認(rèn)證”的人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)(facial recognition technology),通過(guò)人工智能(artificial intelligence)系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)比對(duì)用戶身份信息、人像、身份證件的真實(shí)性與一致性,比對(duì)成功后即可開(kāi)通身份證網(wǎng)上憑證。
辦理微信身份證“網(wǎng)證”有兩種辦法。
第一,你可以在微信小程序中搜索“網(wǎng)證”找到“網(wǎng)證CTID”小程序。通過(guò)輸入自己的身份證、姓名相關(guān)信息辦理黑白“輕量版”(lightweight version)身份證“網(wǎng)證”。據(jù)了解,這種“簡(jiǎn)約版本”的網(wǎng)上身份證只適用于一些僅需簡(jiǎn)單證明“我就是我”的場(chǎng)景(unofficial occasions),如網(wǎng)吧實(shí)名制登記等。
第二種方式,則是下載“微警App”。注冊(cè)后通過(guò)身份證信息以及“認(rèn)證碼”進(jìn)行登陸。這一種方式屬于“升級(jí)版”(upgraded version),適用于一些需要嚴(yán)格規(guī)范認(rèn)證的場(chǎng)景(formal occassions requiring secure authentication),比如工商注冊(cè)登記等。
(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 馬文英)