世界衛(wèi)生組織或?qū)ⅰ坝螒蛘系K”列為精神疾病
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2017-12-28 11:02
世界衛(wèi)生組織將于明年更新國(guó)際疾病分類名單,此次名單修訂擬將“游戲障礙”列為精神疾病的一種。
A child indulges in a popular game online. To protect kids from potential harm, some game companies try to limit their playing time to an hour per day. [Photo provided to China Daily] |
The World Health Organization is considering adding "gaming disorder" to the list of mental health conditions in its next update of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), according to a beta draft of the document.
世界衛(wèi)生組織擬在更新版的國(guó)際疾病分類草案中,將“游戲障礙”列為精神疾病。
在該草案的描述中,沉迷游戲的行為需符合以下三個(gè)特征才可能被歸為“游戲障礙”(gaming disorder):
if a person loses control over their gaming habits,
對(duì)游戲行為失去控制力,
if they start to prioritize gaming over many other interests or activities,
游戲?yàn)橄?,其他的?ài)好和活動(dòng)都為游戲讓路,
if they continue playing despite clear negative consequences.
出現(xiàn)明顯的負(fù)面影響之后,仍然堅(jiān)持玩游戲。
而且,這樣的游戲行為在個(gè)人、家庭、社交、教育、職場(chǎng)以及其他重要領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的不良影響(to result in significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning),才會(huì)被歸為精神疾病(mental health problem)。
對(duì)于游戲成癮是否該被歸為疾病在心理學(xué)界一直都有爭(zhēng)論。最大的問(wèn)題是,花很多時(shí)間打游戲和游戲成癮這兩種行為很難界定(hard to distinguish between simply spending a lot of time playing games and actual addictive behavior)。而且,有些抑郁癥或者焦慮癥患者可能會(huì)用打游戲或者酗酒等方式緩解抑郁癥狀。因此,這其中的利弊也要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)判定。
此前也有研究顯示,玩游戲可以幫助釋放壓力、提升解決問(wèn)題的能力以及眼手協(xié)調(diào)能力(enhance eye-hand coordination)。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
精神疾病 mental health problems
國(guó)際疾病分類 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
成癮行為 addictive behavior
藥物濫用 drug abuse
癮君子 drug addict
(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 馬文英)