The risks of meat consumption 食肉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
本集內(nèi)容
The risks of meat consumption?食肉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
有關(guān)“Bacteria 細(xì)菌”的詞匯
邊看邊答
Who tends to use antibiotics too much in agriculture?
文字稿
Imagine having to eat just 40 grams of meat per day. That's roughly the size of a regular burger. A group of researchers say that's what people should aim for in order to reduce pressure on meat production.
Researchers say more and more meat products now have bugs that are resistant to available antibiotics – and that can easily be transmitted to people. So, they want the amounts of the drugs used in livestock regulated.
Professor Sam Kariuki, Antimicrobial Resistance Expert:
"A lot of these antibiotics can be done away with, especially their usage for prevention of disease - that's prophylaxis - and growth promotion, by simply ensuring that the farmer is able to observe… what we call phytosanitary conditions."
John usually doesn't allow visitors into the farm. He also rears chicken of the same age at a time.
John Njuguna, chicken farmer:
“These sheds also harbour some kind of germs or bacteria. So when the other flock comes out we wash the whole place, we disinfect, and then we have a resting period of about 14 days. “
That way he’s able to prevent diseases and therefore avoid using antibiotics. But the vast majority of small-scale farmers in developing countries, and larger scale ones in developed countries, tend to overuse the drugs. If that doesn’t change, the available medicine could be rendered ineffective for treatment in the coming years.
想象一下，一個(gè)人每天只能吃40克的肉制品，這差不多是一個(gè)普通漢堡的份量。一組研究者認(rèn)為，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)將此作為一個(gè)目標(biāo)，以減輕肉類食品生產(chǎn)的壓力。
研究者還指出，越來(lái)越多肉制品中的細(xì)菌已經(jīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)有的抗菌素產(chǎn)生了抗體，這些細(xì)菌很容易傳染給人類，因此他們希望家畜類養(yǎng)殖中的抗菌素用藥量受到管制。
山姆 · 卡里烏基教授? 抗菌素耐藥性專家
“很多抗菌素其實(shí)都可以不使用，尤其是當(dāng)它們用于預(yù)防疾病……和促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)時(shí)，只要養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)主能觀察出被我們稱之為‘控制植物病害的情況’?！?/p>
約翰通常情況下不允許訪客進(jìn)入農(nóng)場(chǎng)。他還會(huì)同時(shí)飼養(yǎng)處于同一生長(zhǎng)期的雞。
約翰 · 紐古納? 養(yǎng)雞場(chǎng)場(chǎng)主
“這些養(yǎng)殖棚中也藏著一些細(xì)菌或病毒。所以當(dāng)一批動(dòng)物從棚里出來(lái)后，我們會(huì)將整個(gè)養(yǎng)殖棚都清洗一遍，然后消毒，接著再晾14天左右。”
這樣做他就能預(yù)防疾病，并且避免使用抗菌素。但發(fā)展中國(guó)家的絕大多數(shù)小養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)，以及發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的大型養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)卻往往濫用藥物。如果這種情況沒(méi)有得到改善，目前仍有效的藥物在未來(lái)可能會(huì)逐漸失效。
詞匯
resistant
抗…的；耐…的
antibiotics
抗生素，抗菌素
transmitted
傳播，傳染
prophylaxis
預(yù)防性治療方法
disinfect
給…殺菌，替…消毒
你知道嗎？
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics.
亞歷山大·弗萊明爵士發(fā)現(xiàn)了抗生素。
問(wèn)題答案
According to the report, the vast majority of small-scale farmers in developing countries and larger scale farmers in developed countries tend to use antibiotics more than they should.
