習(xí)近平:堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)司法體制改革
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2017-07-14 16:10
中共中央總書(shū)記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平近日對(duì)司法體制改革作出重要指示強(qiáng)調(diào),司法體制改革在全面深化改革、全面依法治國(guó)中居于重要地位,對(duì)推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化意義重大。
President Xi Jinping has urged efforts to unswervingly advance reform of the country's judicial system and follow the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.
國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平要求,堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)司法體制改革,堅(jiān)定不移走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治道路。
習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào),司法體制改革在全面深化改革、全面依法治國(guó)中居于重要地位(judicial system reform is important to the cause of comprehensively deepening reform and effectively implementing the rule of law),對(duì)推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化意義重大(it is also of great significance to promote modernization of the country's governance system and capability)。
習(xí)近平指出,黨的十八大以來(lái),政法戰(zhàn)線堅(jiān)持正確改革方向,敢于啃硬骨頭、涉險(xiǎn)灘、闖難關(guān)(take on difficult issues, navigate treacherous rapids and break down barriers),做成了想了很多年、講了很多年但沒(méi)有做成的改革,司法公信力不斷提升(the progress has promoted public trust in the judiciary),對(duì)維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義發(fā)揮了重要作用。
【學(xué)“習(xí)”時(shí)間】
其實(shí),在今年1月世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇2017年年會(huì)開(kāi)幕式的講話中,習(xí)近平主席就曾經(jīng)用“啃硬骨頭、涉險(xiǎn)灘”來(lái)形容中國(guó)改革的進(jìn)程。當(dāng)時(shí)是這樣說(shuō)的:
“中國(guó)堅(jiān)持通過(guò)改革破解前進(jìn)中遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn),敢于啃硬骨頭、涉險(xiǎn)灘,勇于破除妨礙發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙,不斷解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力,不斷解放和增強(qiáng)社會(huì)活力?!?br />China has tackled difficulties and met challenges on its way forward through reform. China has demonstrated its courage to take on difficult issues, navigate treacherous rapids and remove institutional hurdles standing in the way of development. These efforts have enabled us to unleash productivity and social vitality.
習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào),要遵循司法規(guī)律(rules in the judicial sector should be respected),把深化司法體制改革和現(xiàn)代科技應(yīng)用結(jié)合起來(lái)(modern technology should be introduced in judicial reform),不斷完善和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義司法制度。要全面落實(shí)司法責(zé)任制,深入推進(jìn)以審判為中心的刑事訴訟制度改革(advance the trial-centered reform of criminal procedures),開(kāi)展綜合配套改革試點(diǎn),提升改革整體效能。要統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)公安改革、國(guó)家安全機(jī)關(guān)改革、司法行政改革(advance reforms in the fields of public security, state security, and judicial administration),提高維護(hù)社會(huì)大局穩(wěn)定、促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義、保障人民安居樂(lè)業(yè)的能力。各級(jí)黨委要加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo),研究解決重大問(wèn)題,為推進(jìn)司法體制改革提供有力保障。
習(xí)近平關(guān)于司法體制改革的重要論述
2015年3月24日,習(xí)近平在主持中共中央政治局第二十一次集體學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào):
司法體制改革成效如何,說(shuō)一千道一萬(wàn),要由人民來(lái)評(píng)判,歸根到底要看司法公信力是不是提高了。
The people have the final say on the effectiveness of judicial reform. Public confidence in the judicial system should be the ultimate gauge.
要緊緊牽住司法責(zé)任制這個(gè)牛鼻子,凡是進(jìn)入法官、檢察官員額的,要在司法一線辦案,對(duì)案件質(zhì)量終身負(fù)責(zé)。
The judicial accountability system is crucial to reform. Personnel enlisted as judges and prosecutors in the judicial sector are required to handle cases and will be held accountable for the cases for the rest of their life.
【名詞解釋】
員額制(personnel quota system)是本輪司法改革對(duì)司法人員實(shí)行分類管理的一項(xiàng)改革措施,具體做法是把法院、檢察院工作人員分為:法官/檢察官(judge/prosecutor)、司法輔助人員(support personnel)、司法行政人員(administrative personnel)三類。其中,司法輔助人員是協(xié)助法官、檢察官履行審判、檢察職責(zé)的工作人員,包括法官/檢察官助理(judge/prosecutor assistant)、書(shū)記員(engrossment clerk)、司法警察(judicial police)、司法技術(shù)人員(judicial technician)、執(zhí)行員(executor)等;司法行政人員是法院/檢察院從事行政管理工作的人員,包括政工黨務(wù)(personnel of political and Party work)和行政事務(wù)管理人員(personnel of administrative affairs management)。
員額制改革中,只有履行具有司法屬性工作的部門才能設(shè)置員額。不承擔(dān)辦案職能的部門,不得設(shè)置法官、檢察官員額。國(guó)家設(shè)定的法官、檢察官員額比例上限為39%,各地可按實(shí)際情況明確具體比例。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部進(jìn)員額的,必須依照遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和程序進(jìn)行遴選,并到一線辦案,實(shí)行司法責(zé)任制,對(duì)辦案質(zhì)量終身負(fù)責(zé)。
司法體制改革必須同我國(guó)根本政治制度、基本政治制度和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng),保持我們自己的特色和優(yōu)勢(shì)。我們要借鑒國(guó)外法治有益成果,但不能照搬照抄國(guó)外司法制度。
Judicial reform should be compatible with our fundamental political system, basic political system as well as social economic development level and maintain socialist characteristics and advantage. We are supposed to borrow helpful experiences instead of copying from other countries' judicial systems.
完善司法制度、深化司法體制改革,要遵循司法活動(dòng)的客觀規(guī)律,體現(xiàn)權(quán)責(zé)統(tǒng)一、權(quán)力制約、公開(kāi)公正、尊重程序的要求。
To improve the judicial system and deepen reform of the sector, we should follow the principles of coupling power with responsibility, checks of power, transparency and justice, as well as respect for procedures.
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