2. 光量子計(jì)算機(jī)
photon quantum computer

請看例句：

Chinese scientists have built the world's first photon quantum computing machine that goes beyond the early classical computers, paving the way to the ultimate realization of quantum computing.
我國科學(xué)家已構(gòu)建出世界首臺(tái)超越早期經(jīng)典計(jì)算機(jī)的光量子計(jì)算機(jī)，為最終實(shí)現(xiàn)量子計(jì)算鋪平了道路。

中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)的潘建偉院士(academician)3日在上海宣布，我國科研團(tuán)隊(duì)成功構(gòu)建了世界首臺(tái)超越早期經(jīng)典計(jì)算機(jī)的基于單光子的光量子計(jì)算機(jī)(build the world's first quantum computing machine based on single photons that goes beyond the early classical computers)，為最終實(shí)現(xiàn)(ultimate realization)超越經(jīng)典計(jì)算能力的量子計(jì)算奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(lay a solid foundation)。

量子計(jì)算機(jī)是指利用量子相干疊加原理(exploit the quantum interference and superposition principle)、理論上具有超快的并行計(jì)算和模擬能力(ultra-fast parallel calculation and simulation capabilities)的計(jì)算機(jī)。曾有人打過一個(gè)比方：如果現(xiàn)在傳統(tǒng)(conventional)計(jì)算機(jī)的速度是自行車，量子計(jì)算機(jī)的速度就好比飛機(jī)。實(shí)驗(yàn)測試表明，該原型機(jī)的取樣速度比國際同行加快至少2.4萬倍(the test results show the sampling rate of this prototype is at least 24,000 times faster than international counterparts)，通過和經(jīng)典算法(classical algorithm)比較，也比人類歷史上第一臺(tái)電子管計(jì)算機(jī)(electronic computer)和第一臺(tái)晶體管計(jì)算機(jī)(transistor computer)運(yùn)行速度快10倍至100倍。量子計(jì)算機(jī)更擅長解決密碼分析(cryptanalysis)、氣象預(yù)報(bào)(weather forecasting)、藥物設(shè)計(jì)(drug design)、金融分析(financial analysis)、石油勘探(oil exploration)等大規(guī)模計(jì)算難題。

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