2月新聞熱詞匯總
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2017-03-01 11:14
從本月起,我們會(huì)在每月結(jié)束時(shí)為大家集中總結(jié)該月發(fā)布的新聞熱詞及相關(guān)背景信息,便于大家集中記憶。
2月新聞熱詞包括:脫歐白皮書(shū)、禁穆令、共享汽車(chē)、微信綠包、中法駕駛證互認(rèn)等。
脫歐白皮書(shū) Brexit White Paper
The British government published an official policy document setting out its plans to bring the UK out of the European Union on Thursday.
英國(guó)政府2日發(fā)布官方政策性文件,列出了英國(guó)脫離歐盟的方案規(guī)劃。
The White Paper, which detailed 12 principles including immigration control and trade arrangements, is in line with Prime Minister Theresa May’s vision of "an independent, truly global UK and an ambitious future relationship with the EU".
該白皮書(shū)詳細(xì)列出了包括限制移民、貿(mào)易協(xié)定等12條原則,與首相特蕾莎-梅提出的“一個(gè)獨(dú)立的、真正全球化的英國(guó)以及與歐盟關(guān)系充滿前景的未來(lái)”理念一致。
英國(guó)脫歐事務(wù)大臣戴維斯表示,這12條原則指向同一個(gè)目標(biāo):英國(guó)與歐盟之間建立一個(gè)全新的、積極的、有建設(shè)性、互惠互利的伙伴關(guān)系(a new, positive and constructive partnership between Britain and the European Union that works in our mutual interest)。
禁穆令 Muslim ban
1月27日,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普簽署了一份名為“阻止外國(guó)恐怖分子進(jìn)入美國(guó)的國(guó)家保護(hù)計(jì)劃”的行政命令。這份行政令要求,未來(lái)90天內(nèi),禁止伊拉克、敘利亞、伊朗、蘇丹、索馬里、也門(mén)和利比亞等七國(guó)公民入境美國(guó)。因?yàn)樗嫫邍?guó)均為穆斯林為主要人口的國(guó)家,因此這份行政命令也被媒體和民間團(tuán)體稱(chēng)為“禁穆令”。
District judge James Robart granted a temporary restraining order on Friday after hearing arguments from Washington state and Minnesota that the president’s order had unlawfully discriminated against Muslims and caused unreasonable harm.
地區(qū)法官詹姆斯-羅巴特在聽(tīng)取了華盛頓州和明尼蘇達(dá)州有關(guān)總統(tǒng)的行政令以違法手段對(duì)穆斯林構(gòu)成歧視并造成無(wú)理傷害的申辯之后,于2月3日發(fā)布了臨時(shí)性限制令。
A number of state attorney generals have said the order is unconstitutional. Several federal judges have temporarily halted the deportation of visa holders, but the Seattle ruling is the first to be applicable nationwide.
此前也有幾位州總檢察長(zhǎng)表示特朗普的行政令違憲。有幾位聯(lián)邦法官也判定臨時(shí)中止遣返簽證持有者,不過(guò),西雅圖法官的這一判決是第一個(gè)可以在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)執(zhí)行的判決。
羅巴特法官的限制令發(fā)布之后,特朗普的“禁穆令”何時(shí)解禁尚不可知。不過(guò),華盛頓州總檢察長(zhǎng)弗格森表示,羅巴特法官的限制令會(huì)使“禁穆令”的主要條款立即中止。他說(shuō):
“This decision shuts down the executive order immediately, shuts it down. That relief is immediate, happens right now. That’s the bottom line.”
“這一決定讓行政命令立即中止,中止了。解禁立即生效,馬上就生效。這是最基本的?!?/p>
特朗普政府之后向聯(lián)邦第九巡回上訴法庭提起上訴,該法庭仍維持原判。
共享汽車(chē) car-sharing
New energy vehicle-sharing projects are being carried out in dozens of cities across the country, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Shenzhen. The new type of service is expected to fuel China's sharing economy in the next few years.
新能源汽車(chē)共享項(xiàng)目已在北京、上海、成都和深圳等多個(gè)城市展開(kāi)。這種新型的服務(wù)有望在未來(lái)幾年為我國(guó)分享經(jīng)濟(jì)注入發(fā)展動(dòng)力。
汽車(chē)共享/共享汽車(chē)(car-sharing)服務(wù)在國(guó)內(nèi)的早期經(jīng)營(yíng)模式是通過(guò)租車(chē)行提供車(chē)輛租賃服務(wù)(car rental),后來(lái),民間開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)個(gè)人拼車(chē)(car pooling)行為,單獨(dú)開(kāi)車(chē)出行的個(gè)人找?guī)讉€(gè)出行路線相同的人乘車(chē),這幾個(gè)人分擔(dān)部分車(chē)輛開(kāi)支,這樣的形式在移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及以后就發(fā)展成了“順風(fēng)車(chē)”(ride sharing)服務(wù)。
如今,這幾個(gè)城市推出的共享汽車(chē)服務(wù)應(yīng)該算是汽車(chē)租賃服務(wù)的移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)版本,運(yùn)營(yíng)模式參照大家已經(jīng)熟悉的共享單車(chē)服務(wù)(bicycle-sharing)。
微信綠包 green packet
大家在群里搶紅包的時(shí)候可要留意了,微信現(xiàn)在還有一個(gè)綠包功能,發(fā)出來(lái)是讓大家交錢(qián)的。要是不小心點(diǎn)進(jìn)去,紅包沒(méi)搶到,還會(huì)給發(fā)綠包的人支付一定金額的款項(xiàng)。
People obsessed with digital red packets on WeChat have been warned to pay attention to the packet color, or they may end up giving money instead of receiving it.
熱衷于微信電子紅包的用戶近期收到提醒要注意“包”的顏色,否則可能沒(méi)收到錢(qián),卻要往外拿錢(qián)了。
The WeChat app offers two types of envelopes now, a regular red envelope and a green one. The less-used green one facilitates a fundraising or cost-sharing option for a group activity.
微信目前有兩種顏色的“包”,一種是常規(guī)的紅包,還有一種是綠包。較少用的綠包主要是為了方便用戶進(jìn)行籌款或者為集體活動(dòng)收取分擔(dān)費(fèi)用。
微信“綠包”(green packet)正式的名稱(chēng)是“群收款”(collecting money from group members),在去年10月的更新版本中就已推出,在填寫(xiě)了收款總金額后,可以選擇“人均模式”或者“按人填金額”,而且還可以在群成員中選定參與人,解決了此前AA收款無(wú)法選定好友、無(wú)法有效催付等問(wèn)題。
依法履職 fulfilling legal duties
The Supreme People's Court on Tuesday published a document on improving the mechanism to protect judges and their associates in fulfilling their legal duties. It stipulates that when handling cases, judges should not be subject to interference from other government organs, social organizations or individuals.
最高人民法院7日發(fā)文,落實(shí)保障司法人員依法履行職責(zé)的機(jī)制。文件強(qiáng)調(diào),法官辦案時(shí)不受行政機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體和個(gè)人的干涉。
《辦法》共二十四條,涉及免受干預(yù)(free from interference)、免責(zé)機(jī)制(mechanism of accountability exemption)、救濟(jì)渠道(redress mechanism)、公正考核(impartial assessment)、安全保障(safety protection)、休假權(quán)利(vacation entitlement)、薪酬保障(salary guarantee)等內(nèi)容,是對(duì)《保護(hù)司法人員依法履行法定職責(zé)規(guī)定》的細(xì)化和落實(shí)。
留存指紋 collecting fingerprints
據(jù)公安部近日發(fā)布的公告,2017年,中國(guó)邊檢機(jī)關(guān)將分批在全國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放口岸對(duì)入境我國(guó)的14(含)至70(含)周歲外國(guó)人留存指紋,持外交護(hù)照或有對(duì)等互惠安排等情形的外國(guó)人可以免留指紋。2月10日將在深圳機(jī)場(chǎng)等口岸開(kāi)展試點(diǎn),其后陸續(xù)推廣實(shí)施。
China will start to collect fingerprints and capture facial images of foreign passport holders entering China at selected ports beginning on Friday to tighten border security.
為加強(qiáng)出入境管理,我國(guó)將從2月10日起開(kāi)始在選定的口岸留存入境外國(guó)人的指紋和面部圖像信息。
Border control authorities nationwide will fingerprint all foreign passport holders ages 14 to 70 by the end of the year.
到今年年底,我國(guó)所有邊檢機(jī)關(guān)都將對(duì)入境我國(guó)的14(含)至70(含)周歲外國(guó)人留存指紋。
留存出境入境人員的生物識(shí)別信息(collecting and storing biometric data of foreign passport holders entering or exiting the country)是加強(qiáng)出入境管理的重要舉措,目前國(guó)際上已有多個(gè)國(guó)家實(shí)施這一措施。
境外賬戶 foreign accounts
從今年1月1日起,我國(guó)公民在銀行換外匯時(shí)要多填寫(xiě)一張申請(qǐng)書(shū)進(jìn)行自我聲明,在開(kāi)立新賬戶時(shí)也要填寫(xiě)一份聲明自己稅收居民身份的文件。這是為我國(guó)稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)即將定期與全球上百個(gè)國(guó)家(地區(qū))的稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)相互交換居民賬戶信息而做的鋪墊。
The State Administration of Taxation (SAT) will monitor Chinese citizens' foreign accounts information in 101 countries and regions following the implementation of the localized Common Reporting Standard (CRS) this year..
今年,我國(guó)的共同申報(bào)準(zhǔn)則(CRS)辦法開(kāi)始實(shí)施以后,國(guó)稅總局將掌握我國(guó)公民在101個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的境外賬戶信息。
所謂的“共同申報(bào)準(zhǔn)則”Common Reporting Standard,CRS),正式名稱(chēng)是《金融賬戶資訊主動(dòng)交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information),是由二十國(guó)集團(tuán)提出,經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織理事會(huì)(OECD Council)于2014年7月15日批準(zhǔn)通過(guò)的。該準(zhǔn)則要求各簽署國(guó)獲取本國(guó)稅收居民的金融賬戶信息(financial account information)并每年與其他簽署國(guó)自動(dòng)交換(automatically exchange that information with other jurisdictions on an annual basis)。
CRS規(guī)定信息交換的內(nèi)容包括:帳戶及帳戶余額(account and account balance);相關(guān)賬戶的利息收入(interest income)、股息收入(dividend income)、保險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品收入(income from insurance product)、相關(guān)金融資產(chǎn)的交易所得(income from financial assets transactions);還包括帳戶的一系列基本信息(basic information of the accounts):姓名、出生日期、國(guó)別等;以及年度付至或記入該賬戶的總額。
我國(guó)在2014年9月的G20財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)和央行行長(zhǎng)會(huì)議上承諾將實(shí)施該標(biāo)準(zhǔn),于2016年10月出臺(tái)《非居民金融賬戶涉稅信息盡職調(diào)查管理辦法(征求意見(jiàn)稿)》,并在今年1月1日開(kāi)始實(shí)施。
根據(jù)日程,從今年1月1日開(kāi)始我國(guó)將對(duì)新開(kāi)立的個(gè)人和機(jī)構(gòu)賬戶開(kāi)展盡職調(diào)查(conduct due diligence procedures on newly-opened personal and institutional bank accounts);今年12月31日前,完成對(duì)存量個(gè)人高凈值賬戶(high net-worth accounts)的盡職調(diào)查。所謂高凈值賬戶,是指截至2016年12月31日金融賬戶加總余額超過(guò)600萬(wàn)元。在2018年12月31日前,我國(guó)將完成對(duì)存量個(gè)人低凈值賬戶(low net-worth accounts)和全部存量機(jī)構(gòu)賬戶(institutional accounts)的盡職調(diào)查。我國(guó)計(jì)劃在2018年9月首次與外國(guó)金融機(jī)構(gòu)交換賬戶信息。
“朝陽(yáng)群眾”app Chaoyang residents app
The Chaoyang Branch of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau launched an app named after Chaoyang residents, which is nicknamed as the "fifth largest intelligence agency" in the world by China’s internet users, in a bid to better connect the police and ordinary citizens.
為了密切警民關(guān)系,北京市公安局朝陽(yáng)分局發(fā)布了一款以“朝陽(yáng)群眾”命名的app?!俺?yáng)群眾”被國(guó)內(nèi)網(wǎng)友戲稱(chēng)為“世界第五大情報(bào)組織”。
該APP目前分為“要案”(major crimes)、“尋人”(missing person)、“招領(lǐng)”(lost and found)、“嫌犯”(suspects)、“車(chē)輛”(vehicles)五個(gè)欄目。在每條信息下面,都設(shè)有“發(fā)表線索”的區(qū)域,用戶可以通過(guò)文字和圖片的形式參與。
此外,在該APP界面右下角,設(shè)有醒目的“舉報(bào)”(tip off)功能。點(diǎn)擊紅色的“舉報(bào)”按鈕,便會(huì)出現(xiàn)“兒童拐賣(mài)”(child trafficking)、“疑似嫌犯”(possible suspects)、“老人走失”(elderly missing person)、“肇事違章”(traffic violations)、“遺失招領(lǐng)”(lost and found)和“其他舉報(bào)”(other tip-offs)六個(gè)選項(xiàng),點(diǎn)擊其中任意一個(gè),用戶可用小視頻、拍照或文字的方式進(jìn)行舉報(bào)。
老賴(lài) deadbeat/defaulter
最高法在杭州舉行的“向執(zhí)行難全面宣戰(zhàn)”公眾開(kāi)放日活動(dòng)上表示,從2013年建立失信被執(zhí)行人名單制度以來(lái),截至目前,全國(guó)法院共限制615萬(wàn)“老賴(lài)”購(gòu)買(mǎi)機(jī)票、222萬(wàn)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)動(dòng)車(chē)、高鐵票。
China has extended penalty restrictions against people who default on their court orders, keeping them from traveling by plane, applying for loans and credit cards, or getting promoted.
我國(guó)擴(kuò)大了對(duì)法院失信被執(zhí)行人的懲戒范圍,限制他們坐飛機(jī)出行、申請(qǐng)貸款和信用卡,以及升職。
The Supreme People’s Court (SPC) has cooperated with airlines and railway companies from December last year to bar those who default from purchasing tickets, based on ID card information and their passports.
最高人民法院自去年12月起與航空公司和鐵路公司合作,根據(jù)身份證和護(hù)照信息阻止失信人員購(gòu)買(mǎi)機(jī)票和高鐵車(chē)票。
老賴(lài),通俗來(lái)說(shuō)就是欠了別人錢(qián)遲遲不肯還的人,在英語(yǔ)里常用deadbeat來(lái)表示。從法律角度來(lái)說(shuō),老賴(lài)指在民商領(lǐng)域中的一類(lèi)債務(wù)人(debtor/people legally in debt),他們擁有償還到期債務(wù)的能力,但是基于主觀或客觀的原因拒不履行法院生效判決,不肯償還全部或部分債務(wù)。法律領(lǐng)域?qū)@一類(lèi)人更加正式的說(shuō)法是defaulter或者people who default,即“失信被執(zhí)行人”。
付費(fèi)訂閱 pay-to-read feature
Tencent Holdings' messaging app WeChat is mulling a new pay-to-read feature that allows its official accounts to request payment from readers.
騰訊旗下即時(shí)通訊工具微信計(jì)劃新推出付費(fèi)訂閱功能,允許微信公眾號(hào)向讀者收取費(fèi)用。
Data from Guangzhou-based market consultancy iiMedia Research showed that the number of registered WeChat official accounts surged 46.2 percent year-on-year to 12 million in 2016. This year, the figure is estimated to reach 14 million.
研究機(jī)構(gòu)艾媒市場(chǎng)咨詢公司的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2016年微信公眾號(hào)注冊(cè)數(shù)量達(dá)到1200萬(wàn),同比增長(zhǎng)46.2%,今年,預(yù)計(jì)注冊(cè)數(shù)量會(huì)達(dá)到1400萬(wàn)。
最近兩年,隨著邏輯思維、分答、知乎Live等平臺(tái)和內(nèi)容的探索,付費(fèi)訂閱(pay-to-read/paid content)也逐漸被用戶接受。
收費(fèi)訂閱服務(wù)一般分為:?jiǎn)未斡嗛啠╬ay as you read)、周訂閱(weekly subscription service)、包月訂閱(monthly subscription service)、包年訂閱(yearly subscription service)等。
其實(shí),在閱讀逐漸電子化的今天,不少?lài)?guó)外新聞網(wǎng)站都已經(jīng)推出了收費(fèi)墻(paywall)閱讀系統(tǒng)。
There are both "hard" and "soft" paywalls in use. "Hard" paywalls allow minimal to no access to content without subscription, while "soft" paywalls allow more flexibility in what users can view without subscribing, such as selective free content and/or a limited number of articles per month, or the sampling of several pages of a book or paragraphs of an article. (Source: Wikipedia)
在具體使用中有“硬”收費(fèi)墻和“軟”收費(fèi)墻兩種。“硬”收費(fèi)墻模式下,非訂閱用戶只能看到最少量的網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容,或甚至無(wú)法看到網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容;而“軟”收費(fèi)墻模式對(duì)用戶可見(jiàn)內(nèi)容的限制則更加靈活,比如,每月允許用戶查看精選的一些免費(fèi)內(nèi)容或免費(fèi)查看一定數(shù)量的文章,或者允許讀者查看某本書(shū)的幾頁(yè)內(nèi)容或某篇文章的幾段內(nèi)容。
寫(xiě)作軟件 writing software
Eleven online writers have jointly sued Zhou Jing, writer of The Princess Weiyoung, which has been adapted into a popular TV soap opera, for copying their work. They also sued dangdang.com, the online seller of the book.
11位網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家聯(lián)合起訴熱門(mén)電視劇《錦繡未央》原著作者周靜抄襲,同時(shí)狀告該書(shū)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷(xiāo)售商當(dāng)當(dāng)網(wǎng)。
According to Beijing News, a group of volunteers compared The Princess Weiyoung with more than 200 other novels. They found that out of 294 chapters, only nine are original, according to a volunteer quoted by the newspaper.
據(jù)《新京報(bào)》報(bào)道,一群志愿者將《錦繡未央》和200多部其他小說(shuō)做了比對(duì)。一位志愿者表示,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)全書(shū)294章僅9章未抄襲。
隨著一部部IP劇熱播,多部原著小說(shuō)也被指出有抄襲(plagiarism)嫌疑。比如,電視劇《花千骨》原著被指涉嫌抄襲4部網(wǎng)絡(luò)小說(shuō);當(dāng)下熱播的《三生三世十里桃花》,被指抄襲了大風(fēng)刮過(guò)的《桃花債》。此外,網(wǎng)劇《尋找前世之旅》也被指有嫌疑抄襲173位作者的203篇作品。
有寫(xiě)手表示,抄襲這么多書(shū)根本不用一本一本看完,只需買(mǎi)一個(gè)自動(dòng)抓取的寫(xiě)作軟件(writing software)即可。軟件里有“寫(xiě)人”、“寫(xiě)物”、“寫(xiě)景”等大項(xiàng)分類(lèi),每一個(gè)大項(xiàng)下面還有具體的細(xì)分類(lèi)別,用戶可以根據(jù)需求搜索出大量素材。
行政拘留 administrative detention
公安部日前公布了《治安管理處罰法(修訂公開(kāi)征求意見(jiàn)稿)》。征求意見(jiàn)稿將行政拘留執(zhí)行年齡從16周歲降低至14周歲。
A new draft law that would change the minimum age for administrative detention from 16 to 14 has been met with both concerns of overcorrection and voices of support, albeit cautious.
一項(xiàng)擬將行政拘留執(zhí)行年齡從16周歲將至14周歲的法律草案面臨過(guò)度懲罰的擔(dān)憂,同時(shí)也有謹(jǐn)慎的支持之聲。
The draft law comes in response to rising concerns about young offenders, especially those involved with bullying or violence at school.
青少年違法犯罪人員,尤其是在校園里有欺凌和暴力行為的青少年,引發(fā)越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注,該草案的出臺(tái)是對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的回應(yīng)。
行政拘留(administrative detention)是公安機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)違反行政法律的人,在短期內(nèi)剝奪其人身自由的一種行政處罰。行政拘留是最嚴(yán)厲的一種行政處罰,通常適用于嚴(yán)重違反行政法律但不構(gòu)成犯罪(this punishment is applicable to offences that severely violate administrative law but don’t constitute criminal charges),而警告、罰款不足以懲戒的違法行為。行政拘留期限一般為10日以內(nèi),較重的不超過(guò)15日。
行政拘留是行政處罰(administrative punishment)的一種,其他的行政處罰方式還包括:警告(warning)、罰款(fine)、沒(méi)收違法所得(confiscate illegal gains)、暫扣或吊銷(xiāo)許可證(withhold or revoke license)、責(zé)令停產(chǎn)停業(yè)(order suspension of production or business)。
英語(yǔ)中關(guān)于“青少年犯罪”有一個(gè)固定的說(shuō)法juvenile delinquency/juvenile offending,juvenile指“未成年、青少年”,也可以形容某人“孩子氣的、幼稚的”。Delinquency這個(gè)詞指“違法行為”,尤指青少年的違法行為,實(shí)施違法行為的青少年就可以稱(chēng)為delinquent。
社交媒體審查 social media checks
The Trump administration is moving to expand social media checks to cover Chinese citizens traveling to the US.
特朗普政府計(jì)劃將社交媒體審查擴(kuò)大至赴美的中國(guó)公民。
US Customs and Border Protection officials are proposing to ask Chinese visitors to disclose their social media "handles" or other identifiers on common social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. The question would be asked online as part of an electronic system Chinese holders of long-term US business and visitor visas use to advise of upcoming travel.
美國(guó)海關(guān)及邊境保衛(wèi)局官員建議,要求中國(guó)游客提交他們?cè)谕铺?、臉?shū)等社交媒體的用戶名及其他身份資料。持有美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期商務(wù)護(hù)照和訪問(wèn)護(hù)照的中國(guó)公民在入境前都要前往在線電子系統(tǒng)填寫(xiě)資料,有關(guān)社交媒體的信息收集也是該系統(tǒng)的一部分。
美國(guó)針對(duì)入境游客的“社交媒體審查”(social media check/social media screening)并不是特朗普上臺(tái)以后的新政策。去年底,奧巴馬政府就針對(duì)通過(guò)免簽證計(jì)劃(Visa Waiver Program)進(jìn)入美國(guó)的游客推出過(guò)類(lèi)似的政策。
入境游客需提供的社交媒體信息包括,各社交媒體的用戶名(social media handles)和其他身份信息(other identifiers),部分國(guó)家游客甚至需要提供社交媒體密碼(social media passwords),以篩查出潛在的恐怖分子(to screen out potential terrorists)。
該審查項(xiàng)目中列出的社交媒體網(wǎng)站如推特、臉書(shū)、谷歌+、Instagram以及YouTube等并不是中國(guó)大陸公民使用的主流社交媒體,被問(wèn)及在線登記系統(tǒng)會(huì)否針對(duì)中國(guó)游客列出他們常用的社交媒體網(wǎng)站時(shí)(if Chinese travelers would be given choices of social media sites they most frequently used),美國(guó)海關(guān)及邊境保衛(wèi)局(CBP)發(fā)言人表示,針對(duì)中國(guó)游客要列出哪些社交媒體網(wǎng)站,目前還沒(méi)有決定,不過(guò),他們可以提交任何社交網(wǎng)站的信息。
美國(guó)海關(guān)及邊境保衛(wèi)局(CBP)發(fā)布通知稱(chēng),入境人員可選擇是否填寫(xiě)相關(guān)的資料,如不愿填寫(xiě),也不會(huì)對(duì)其旅游申請(qǐng)?jiān)斐韶?fù)面的影響。
駕駛證互認(rèn)換領(lǐng) driving license reciprocity
China and France signed an agreement to recognizing the validity of driving licenses issued by each other, in Beijing Tuesday.
中國(guó)與法國(guó)21日在北京簽署駕駛證互認(rèn)協(xié)議。
Under the agreement, China and France will allow holders of valid driving licenses issued by either authority to drive directly or obtain driving permits without an additional test, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) said.
公安部表示,簽署協(xié)議之后,中法兩國(guó)將承認(rèn)對(duì)方核發(fā)的有效駕駛證,一方準(zhǔn)許持有對(duì)方國(guó)家駕駛證的人員在其境內(nèi)直接駕車(chē)或者免試換領(lǐng)駕駛證。
“駕駛證互認(rèn)”在英語(yǔ)中可用driving license reciprocity表示,reciprocity指“互惠、互換”,即“相互承認(rèn)對(duì)方核發(fā)的有效證件,你給我什么待遇,我就給你什么待遇”。
1995年世界貿(mào)易組織成立以后,各類(lèi)貿(mào)易組織內(nèi)部成員之間都簽署了不同類(lèi)別的雙方或多方互認(rèn)協(xié)議(mutual recognition agreement,MRA),約定商品質(zhì)量管控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等領(lǐng)域的互認(rèn)。
中法駕駛證互認(rèn)換領(lǐng)協(xié)議規(guī)定,對(duì)于臨時(shí)進(jìn)入對(duì)方境內(nèi)不超過(guò)一年的(for those who stay less than one year),雙方駕駛證實(shí)現(xiàn)互認(rèn)。臨時(shí)進(jìn)入法國(guó)的,可以憑中國(guó)駕駛證和翻譯件直接駕車(chē),無(wú)需換證(Chinese drivers in France can drive with their Chinese driving license and its translated version without obtaining a local permit);臨時(shí)進(jìn)入中國(guó)的,可以持法國(guó)駕駛證和翻譯件直接換領(lǐng)臨時(shí)駕駛許可,免予體檢和考試(French drivers in China can obtain a temporary driving permit without going through health check and test)。互認(rèn)駕駛證準(zhǔn)駕車(chē)型包括中型客車(chē)(medium buses)、大型貨車(chē)(large scale freight trucks)、小型汽車(chē)(compact cars)和摩托車(chē)(motorcycles)。
對(duì)于在對(duì)方國(guó)家居留超過(guò)一年的(for those who stay more than one year),雙方駕駛證實(shí)現(xiàn)免試互換。一方公民或常駐人員持本國(guó)駕駛證和翻譯件,以及護(hù)照、簽證或者居留證件,可以直接免試換領(lǐng)對(duì)方國(guó)家駕駛證(they can obtain a local driving license without a test provided that they have a driving license from home country and its translated version, together with their passport, visa or residence permit)。免試換領(lǐng)的駕駛證準(zhǔn)駕車(chē)型包括小型汽車(chē)(compact cars)和摩托車(chē)(motorcycles)。
實(shí)現(xiàn)中法駕駛證互認(rèn)換領(lǐng),有利于方便兩國(guó)公民駕車(chē)出行,有利于促進(jìn)兩國(guó)警務(wù)合作,對(duì)推進(jìn)兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作、文化交流、人員往來(lái)具有重要意義(it is of great significance in promoting economic cooperation, cultural and personnel exchanges)。
此前,中國(guó)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)與比利時(shí)、阿聯(lián)酋兩國(guó)的駕駛證互認(rèn)換領(lǐng)。
籃協(xié)主席 president of the Chinese Basketball Association
Chinese basketball legend Yao Ming was elected as the president of the Chinese Basketball Association here on Thursday. Yao, 37, became the first-ever non-governmental personage to take the position.
中國(guó)籃壇傳奇球星姚明2月23日正式當(dāng)選中國(guó)籃球協(xié)會(huì)主席。37歲的姚明也是首位非政府官員籃協(xié)掌門(mén)人。
姚明的當(dāng)選被認(rèn)為將給中國(guó)籃球帶來(lái)變革(bring about reforms to Chinese basketball)。近年來(lái),姚明積極倡議CBA改革,提出將籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)職業(yè)化(professionalization),推出更好的商業(yè)模式(a better business mode)、限制外援人數(shù)(limit the numbers of foreign players)等等。
VX神經(jīng)毒劑 VX nerve agent
Malaysian police said Friday that chemical weapon substance had been identified on the body of a Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) man who died in the country on Feb. 13.
2月24日,馬來(lái)西亞警方表示,本月13日在馬來(lái)西亞死亡的朝鮮男子遺體上監(jiān)測(cè)出化學(xué)武器成分。
According to preliminary analysis, the chemical substance found on the samples of eye mucosa and face had been identified as "VX Nerve Agent," national police chief Khalid Abu Bakar said in a statement.
馬來(lái)西亞警察總長(zhǎng)丹斯里卡里在聲明中指出,初步分析顯示,從死者眼部和面部提取物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的化學(xué)成分確認(rèn)為“VX神經(jīng)毒劑”。
“VX神經(jīng)毒劑”(VX nerve agent)是所有神經(jīng)性毒劑中效力最強(qiáng)的(the most potent of all nerve agents),是最致命的化學(xué)武器之一(one of the deadliest chemical weapons),被聯(lián)合國(guó)歸類(lèi)為大規(guī)模殺傷性武器(weapon of mass destruction)。
關(guān)于VX神經(jīng)毒劑,你需要知道的六件事:
A clear, amber-colored, oily liquid which is tasteless and odorless
一種透明無(wú)味的琥珀色油狀液體
The most toxic of the known chemical warfare agents, a drop of VX on your skin can be fatal. It can kill a person within minutes
已知的化武毒劑中毒性最強(qiáng)的,皮膚接觸到一滴VX就會(huì)致命,能在幾分鐘內(nèi)致人死亡
Works by penetrating the skin and disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses
通過(guò)滲入皮膚,擾亂神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)功能發(fā)揮毒性
It can be disseminated in a spray or vapor, or used to contaminate water, food, and agricultural products
能以噴霧或蒸汽形態(tài)傳播,或用于污染水、食物以及農(nóng)作物
VX can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or eye contact
VX可通過(guò)吸入、吞食、皮膚接觸或者眼部接觸等方式被身體吸收
Clothing can carry VX for about 30 minutes after contact with the vapour, which can expose other people
衣物與VX氣體接觸后可攜帶毒劑約30分鐘,并可傳播給其他人
Exposure to a low or moderate dose of VX by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption can cause symptoms like a runny nose, eye pain, blurred vision, drooling and excessive sweating, chest tightness, rapid breathing, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, weakness, nausea, or vomiting
通過(guò)吸入、吞食或者皮膚滲入等方式接觸小到中等劑量的VX后可能出現(xiàn)的癥狀包括:流鼻涕、眼部疼痛、視線模糊、流涎、多汗、胸悶、呼吸急促、尿頻、意識(shí)混沌、嗜睡、虛弱、惡心或嘔吐。
Its official chemical name is S-2 Diisoprophylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate and it is listed as a chemical weapon by the Chemical Weapons Convention 1997 and the Chemical Weapons Convention Act 2005
其學(xué)名為S-(2-二異丙基氨乙基)- 甲基硫代磷酸乙酯,1997年化學(xué)武器公約及2005年化學(xué)武器公約法令已將其列為化學(xué)武器
金融大鱷 financial crocodiles
Some "barbarians" and "crocodiles" hurt retail investors by plundering the stock market under the cloak of legality, said Liu Shiyu, chairman of China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), at a press conference.
中國(guó)證券監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)主席劉士余在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示,有些“野蠻人”和“大鱷”披著合法的外衣在資本市場(chǎng)巧取豪奪,侵害了廣大個(gè)人投資者的權(quán)益。
"The lure of money is huge.... On the capital market, financiers are just half a step away from 'financial crocodiles'," Liu told reporters.
劉士余指出:“金錢(qián)的誘惑是巨大的。資本市場(chǎng)的金融家和金融大鱷是半步之遙?!?/p>
“野蠻人”(barbarians)、“妖精”(evil monsters)、“害人精”(poisonous demons)、“大鱷”(crocodiles),這些人的行為往往是披著合法的外衣(under the cloak of legality),打著制度的擦邊球,在資本市場(chǎng)上巧取豪奪(plundering the stock market),侵蝕著廣大中小投資者的合法權(quán)益。
劉士余在發(fā)布會(huì)上對(duì)上述資本市場(chǎng)亂象的生動(dòng)標(biāo)簽并非首次使用,早在去年12月,在中國(guó)證券投資基金業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)第二屆會(huì)員代表大會(huì)上,他就曾經(jīng)措辭很?chē)?yán)厲地指出過(guò)這些問(wèn)題。
他表示,希望資產(chǎn)管理人(asset managers),不當(dāng)奢淫無(wú)度的土豪、不做興風(fēng)作浪的妖精、不做坑民害民的害人精。用來(lái)路不當(dāng)?shù)腻X(qián)從事杠桿收購(gòu)(the use of improperly obtained capital for leveraged trading),行為上從門(mén)口的陌生人變成野蠻人,最后變成行業(yè)的強(qiáng)盜(turning strangers into barbarians at the gate, and ultimately into robbers of the industry),這是不可以的。這是在挑戰(zhàn)國(guó)家金融法律法規(guī)的底線,也是挑戰(zhàn)職業(yè)操守的底線,這是人性和商業(yè)道德的倒退和淪喪,根本不是金融創(chuàng)新。
“野蠻人”(barbarians)的說(shuō)法來(lái)自布賴(lài)恩?伯勒(Bryan Burrough)的《門(mén)口的野蠻人》(Barbarians at the Gate)一書(shū)。該書(shū)記述了RJR納貝斯克公司的收購(gòu)大戰(zhàn)(takeover battle for RJR Nabisco),全面展示了企業(yè)的管理者如何取得和掌握公司的控制權(quán),是一部精彩的華爾街商戰(zhàn)紀(jì)實(shí)巨著。該書(shū)出版后,“野蠻人”一詞也成為流行詞,常被用來(lái)形容那些不懷好意的收購(gòu)者(hostile buyers)。
(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 馬文英)