3. 問(wèn)題疫苗
problematic vaccine

A Chinese medical worker prepares to vaccinate a young kid at a hospital in Shanghai, China, March 20, 2016. [Photo/IC]

請(qǐng)看例句：

Most of the problematic vaccines involved in a recent illegal sale case have been used, officials from the China Food and Drug Administration said at a news conference on Thursday.
24日，國(guó)家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理總局官員在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，近日曝光的非法疫苗銷售案中的大部分問(wèn)題疫苗已被使用。

山東警方上月披露了價(jià)值5.7億元的"問(wèn)題疫苗"(problematic vaccine)，大量未經(jīng)恰當(dāng)冷藏的(improper refrigerated )疫苗類產(chǎn)品流入全國(guó)24個(gè)省份。這些疫苗及生物制品雖為正規(guī)廠家生產(chǎn)(produced by licensed manufacturers)，但由于未按照國(guó)家相關(guān)法律規(guī)定運(yùn)輸、保存(not transported and stored properly in approved condition)，已難以保證品質(zhì)和使用效果。截至目前，該案各地立刑事案件69起，抓獲涉案人員130名。各地已排查出涉嫌違法經(jīng)營(yíng)藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)(drug distribution companies that illegally sold vaccines)29家，涉嫌購(gòu)進(jìn)非法疫苗的接種機(jī)構(gòu)16家。

我國(guó)將疫苗分為兩類(two categories)——一類和二類疫苗(Category 1 and Category 2 vaccines)。第一類疫苗，是指政府免費(fèi)向公民提供，公民應(yīng)當(dāng)依照政府的規(guī)定免費(fèi)受種的疫苗(residents are required to be vaccinated and there is no charge)。這類疫苗以兒童常規(guī)免疫疫苗為主，包括乙肝疫苗(Hepatitis B vaccine)、卡介苗、脊灰減毒活疫苗、百白破疫苗(DPT vaccination)等。第二類疫苗，是指由公民自費(fèi)并且自愿受種的其他疫苗(the vaccines are not free and residents can choose whether they want to be inoculated)。比如水痘疫苗、流感疫苗(influenza vaccine)、b型流感嗜血桿菌結(jié)合疫苗、輪狀病毒疫苗等。

此次山東警方通報(bào)的這起疫苗案件中，涉事的就屬于二類疫苗(the vaccines confiscated in the case fall under the second category)。據(jù)稱，問(wèn)題疫苗主要流向了農(nóng)村或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)疫苗接種診所(rural or township vaccination clinics)。食藥監(jiān)總局藥化監(jiān)督司司長(zhǎng)李國(guó)慶稱，該事件暴露出疫苗流通和使用中存在的監(jiān)管漏洞(flaws in supervision of vaccine distribution and use)。

問(wèn)題疫苗最大的問(wèn)題是"可能失效"，也就是可能不能為接種者建立有效的免疫屏障(build an effective immune barrier)。22日，世界衛(wèi)生組織聲明稱，不正確儲(chǔ)存或過(guò)期的疫苗(improperly stored or expired vaccines)幾乎不會(huì)引起毒性反應(yīng)(toxic reaction)，因此在本事件中，疫苗安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低。

[相關(guān)詞匯]

疫苗 vaccine

免疫力 immunity

細(xì)菌 microbe

接種 inoculate

接種疫苗 vaccination

對(duì)……免疫 immune to