國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室22日發(fā)表《中國(guó)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展》白皮書。全文如下：
The Information Office of the State Council, or China's Cabinet, on Tuesday issued a white paper on Gender Equality and Women's Development in China. Following is the full text:

中國(guó)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展
Gender Equality and Women's Development in China

(2015年9月)
September 2015, Beijing

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China

目錄
Contents

前言
Foreword

一、性別平等與婦女發(fā)展的機(jī)制保障
I. The Institutional Foundation for Gender Equality and Women's Development

二、婦女與經(jīng)濟(jì)
II. Women and the Economy

三、婦女與教育
III. Women and Education

四、婦女與健康
IV. Women and Health

五、婦女與決策管理
V. Women and Decision Making

六、婦女與環(huán)境
VI. Women and the Environment

七、性別平等與婦女發(fā)展的法治保障
VII. Legal Guarantees for Gender Equality and Women's Development

八、性別平等與婦女發(fā)展的國(guó)際交流合作
VIII. International Exchanges and Cooperation in Gender Equality and Women's Development

結(jié)束語
Conclusion

前言
Foreword

性別平等與婦女發(fā)展是人類追求公平、正義與平等的永恒主題，是社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步的衡量尺度，是人類實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要目標(biāo)。
Gender equality and women's development is a lasting theme of mankind's pursuit of equality and justice, a scale for measuring social progress and an important goal in realizing sustainable development in our world.

中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持男女平等的憲法原則，將男女平等作為促進(jìn)國(guó)家社會(huì)發(fā)展的一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，不斷完善法律法規(guī)，制定公共政策，編制發(fā)展規(guī)劃，持續(xù)推進(jìn)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展。
China has always upheld the constitutional principle of equality between men and women, which is also a basic state policy for promoting progress in the country and in society. Over the years China has progressively improved its laws and regulations, developed public policies, worked out development plans and pressed forward steadily with gender equality and women's development.

今年是聯(lián)合國(guó)第四次世界婦女大會(huì)在北京召開20周年，中國(guó)政府特發(fā)表白皮書，全面介紹中國(guó)推動(dòng)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展的政策措施和所做的不懈努力。
Twenty years ago, the UN's Fourth World Conference on Women was held in Beijing. On its anniversary two decades later, the Chinese government is publishing this white paper to provide a comprehensive overview of China's policies on gender equality and women's development, as well as unremitting efforts made and measures implemented in this regard.

中國(guó)婦女占世界婦女人口的五分之一。中國(guó)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展既體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)的文明進(jìn)步，也是對(duì)全球平等、發(fā)展與和平的歷史貢獻(xiàn)。
Chinese women make up one fifth of the world's total female population. Gender equality and women's development in China not only give expression to China's own progress, but also constitute a historical contribution made to global equality, development and peace.

一、性別平等與婦女發(fā)展的機(jī)制保障
I. The Institutional Foundation for Gender Equality and Women's Development

國(guó)家建立提高婦女地位的機(jī)制，是充分利用政府資源，有效調(diào)動(dòng)社會(huì)資源，推進(jìn)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展的重要保障。20年來，中國(guó)提高婦女地位的機(jī)制不斷健全，作用日益凸顯。
China's national mechanism for promoting the status of women, fully utilizing government resources and effectively mobilizing social resources, lays an important foundation for promoting gender equality and women's development. Over the past two decades, the mechanism has been constantly improved to allow it to play an increasingly prominent role.

不斷完善提高婦女地位的政府工作機(jī)構(gòu)。1990年，中國(guó)成立了國(guó)務(wù)院婦女兒童工作委員會(huì)，負(fù)責(zé)組織、協(xié)調(diào)、指導(dǎo)、督促有關(guān)部門，共同促進(jìn)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展。國(guó)務(wù)院婦女兒童工作委員會(huì)由相關(guān)政府部門部級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組成，主任由國(guó)務(wù)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)擔(dān)任。20年來，成員單位從成立初的19個(gè)增至目前的35個(gè)，包括國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委、教育部、民政部、財(cái)政部、人力資源社會(huì)保障部、農(nóng)業(yè)部、國(guó)家衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委等29個(gè)部門和6個(gè)群體組織。國(guó)務(wù)院婦女兒童工作委員會(huì)下設(shè)辦公室負(fù)責(zé)日常工作，配有專職工作人員和專項(xiàng)工作經(jīng)費(fèi)。全國(guó)31個(gè)省(區(qū)、市)縣級(jí)以上人民政府均成立了相應(yīng)機(jī)構(gòu)，基本形成了縱向貫通、橫向聯(lián)動(dòng)、協(xié)同配合的促進(jìn)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展組織體系。
The state has kept improving government organs for promoting the status of women. In 1990, the State Council established the National Working Committee on Children and Women (NWCCW), which has been commissioned the responsibilities to organize, coordinate, guide, supervise and urge departments concerned in promoting gender equality and women's development. Composed of leading ministerial-level members from relevant government organs, the Committee is chaired by a member of the State Council leadership. Over the previous 20 years, the Committee has expanded its member units from 19 to 35, now including government organs such as the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Agriculture, and the National Health and Family Planning Commission, in addition to six mass organizations. The Committee has a general office doing day-to-day work by full-time staff with specially allocated funds. Relevant organizations have been set up under people's governments above the county level in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, forming a multi-dimensional and well-coordinated network for promoting gender equality and women's development.

制定實(shí)施促進(jìn)婦女發(fā)展的國(guó)家規(guī)劃綱要。第十、第十一和第十二個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展五年規(guī)劃都將婦女發(fā)展列入其中，內(nèi)容不斷豐富，目標(biāo)更加明確，措施更加有效，推動(dòng)?jì)D女與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)同步協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。國(guó)務(wù)院先后頒布三個(gè)周期的中國(guó)婦女發(fā)展綱要，明確各階段婦女發(fā)展的總體目標(biāo)、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域及策略措施，全國(guó)31個(gè)省(區(qū)、市)縣級(jí)以上人民政府分別制定本地區(qū)婦女發(fā)展規(guī)劃，形成了全國(guó)自上而下促進(jìn)婦女發(fā)展的規(guī)劃體系。各級(jí)婦女兒童工作委員會(huì)分別建立目標(biāo)管理責(zé)任制，將主要目標(biāo)分解到相關(guān)職能部門，并納入相關(guān)專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃加以落實(shí)；建立綱要評(píng)估機(jī)制，對(duì)綱要落實(shí)情況進(jìn)行年度監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估、中期督導(dǎo)評(píng)估和終期總結(jié)評(píng)估，確保綱要規(guī)劃目標(biāo)如期實(shí)現(xiàn)。
The state has developed and implemented national plans and programs for promoting women's development. Women's development was included in China's 10th, 11th and 12th five-year plans for economic and social development, each time with greater emphasis, clearer goals, and more effective measures for promoting coordinated development between Chinese women and China's economy and society. The State Council has issued three programs covering different periods for the development of Chinese women, clearly defining the overall goals, key areas and policies and measures to be adopted for women's development at different stages. People's governments at and above the county level in the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have worked out similar programs for women's development for areas within their respective jurisdiction, thus forming a top-down framework for promoting women's development at all levels. Adopting the target management responsibility system, the working committees on children and women at various levels resolve and allocate the main targets to the related functional departments of the governments and see to it that they are included in corresponding plans and implemented. They also established an appraisal system and carried out assessments of the implementation results of the programs at the end of every year, and in the middle and at the end of the implementation of the programs, ensuring that the targets set in these programs were met as scheduled.

建立健全政府主導(dǎo)、多部門合作、全社會(huì)參與的工作機(jī)制。國(guó)務(wù)院和地方各級(jí)政府定期召開婦女兒童工作會(huì)議，進(jìn)行專題研究部署。國(guó)務(wù)院和地方婦女兒童工作委員會(huì)每年召開專題會(huì)議，聽取成員單位的工作匯報(bào)，對(duì)婦女發(fā)展綱要規(guī)劃的實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行分析，針對(duì)突出問題，研究制定策略措施，推動(dòng)綱要順利實(shí)施。引導(dǎo)各地積極探索建立法規(guī)政策性別平等評(píng)估機(jī)制，為從源頭促進(jìn)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的機(jī)制保障。國(guó)家重視和支持婦聯(lián)組織代表和維護(hù)婦女權(quán)益、促進(jìn)性別平等。當(dāng)前，具有中國(guó)特色的婦聯(lián)組織體系更加完善，在性別平等的理論研究、宣傳倡導(dǎo)、教育培訓(xùn)等方面作用日益突出。
The state has established a working mechanism featuring leadership by the government, multi-departmental cooperation and participation of the whole of society. The State Council and local governments at various levels hold working meetings on children and women on a regular basis to discuss and make plans. Every year, the State Council and local working committees on children and women hold special meetings to hear reports from all their member units, analyze progress made in the implementation of the current program for women's development, and work out measures to address matters of pressing concern for the smooth implementation of the program. Guidance has been given to local governments in actively exploring the establishment of an assessment system of laws and policies related to gender equality, so as to provide at the source a solid institutional guarantee for promoting gender equality and women's development. The state supports the women's federation organizations in representing and safeguarding women's rights and promoting gender equality. As the organizational system of women's federations is better established, it has been playing an increasingly prominent role in conducting theoretical studies and carrying out publicity, education and training programs in relation to gender equality.

逐步完善性別統(tǒng)計(jì)制度。建立婦女發(fā)展綜合統(tǒng)計(jì)制度，將其納入國(guó)家和部門常規(guī)統(tǒng)計(jì)或統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查，規(guī)范和完善婦女生存發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)和分性別統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)。逐步建立國(guó)家和省(區(qū)、市)婦女狀況監(jiān)測(cè)體系，制定統(tǒng)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)體系，建立各地區(qū)各部門綜合統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表和定期報(bào)送審評(píng)制度。1990年、2000年、2010年開展三期中國(guó)婦女社會(huì)地位調(diào)查，全面客觀反映中國(guó)婦女社會(huì)地位的狀況和變化，為國(guó)家制定促進(jìn)婦女發(fā)展、推動(dòng)性別平等政策措施提供依據(jù)。1995年、1999年、2004年、2007年和2012年，分別出版《中國(guó)社會(huì)中的女人和男人——事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)》；2008年起，每年出版《中國(guó)婦女兒童狀況統(tǒng)計(jì)資料》。
The state has gradually improved the gender statistics system. A comprehensive statistics system has been established on women's development and it has been included in the routine statistics and statistical surveys undertaken by the state and relevant departments, and women's health, well-being and development indicators and gender-disaggregated indicators have been standardized and improved. The state has gradually established a monitoring system for women's conditions at the national and provincial (autonomous region, municipal) levels, worked out a statistical monitoring and indicator system, and established a system in which local governments and relevant departments produce comprehensive statistical reports and submit reports for review on a regular basis. In 1990, 2000 and 2010, China carried out three surveys, which fully and objectively reflected the conditions and changes in Chinese women's social status, providing valuable reference for the government to formulate policies and measures to promote women's development and gender equality. The state published Women and Men in Chinese Society - Facts and Statistics in 1995, and updated it with new data in 1999, 2004, 2007 and 2012; and has published annual releases of Statistics on the Status of Chinese Women and Children since 2008.