美國(guó)波士頓咨詢公司總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官李瑞麟：不久前，人民幣出現(xiàn)較大幅度貶值。有人認(rèn)為，這帶來(lái)了連鎖反應(yīng)，甚至擔(dān)心引起“貨幣戰(zhàn)”。對(duì)此，您怎么看？現(xiàn)在國(guó)際貨幣基金組織（IMF）決定推遲審議特別提款權(quán)（SDR），中國(guó)將如何推進(jìn)人民幣的國(guó)際化進(jìn)程？
Richard Lesser, President and CEO of Boston Consulting Group: The Chinese RMB devalued sharply not so long ago. Some people think that this might trigger a chain reaction, and some even worry about a currency war. What is your view on this? And also now the IMF has postponed its review of the Special Drawing Rights, how do you see the RMB globalizing in the months and years ahead?

李克強(qiáng)：我想說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)，自本屆政府成立以來(lái)，人民幣實(shí)際有效匯率已經(jīng)上升了15%。由于近來(lái)許多國(guó)家的貨幣兌美元大幅下跌，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的走勢(shì)使我們調(diào)整了人民幣匯率中間價(jià)報(bào)價(jià)機(jī)制，但也只是小幅微調(diào)。如果算總賬，本屆政府成立至今，人民幣兌美元的實(shí)際有效匯率還是有比較大幅度上升的。坦率地講，人民幣匯率小幅回調(diào)以后，目前已基本保持穩(wěn)定。人民幣不存在持續(xù)貶值的基礎(chǔ)。因?yàn)橹袊?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間，我們有比較充足的外匯儲(chǔ)備，而且貨物貿(mào)易的順差還在增加，這都表明人民幣匯率能夠在合理、均衡的水平上保持基本穩(wěn)定。只是有的時(shí)候，用中國(guó)的話講，“躺著也會(huì)中槍”。
Li Keqiang: I wish to draw your attention to one fact: Since the formation of this government, the real effective exchange rate (REER) of the RMB has appreciated 15%. As many currencies significantly depreciated against the dollar recently, developments on the international markets compelled us to adjust the quotation regime of the RMB central parity. Yet it was a small adjustment. Overall, the REER of the yuan has appreciated by a large margin during the term of this government. The truth is, after the small adjustment, the RMB exchange rate is now basically stable. There is no basis for continued depreciation of the RMB, because the Chinese economy has been operating within the proper range, we have ample foreign exchange reserves, and surplus of trade in goods has been rising. All these show that the RMB exchange rate can stay basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. Yet as the Chinese often say, in some circumstances, one may get caught up in the middle of something unrelated.

我們不希望通過(guò)人民幣貶值來(lái)刺激出口，這不符合我們結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的方向，我們更不愿意看到世界上發(fā)生“貨幣戰(zhàn)”。中國(guó)作為一個(gè)同世界經(jīng)濟(jì)高度融合的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體，如果真的發(fā)生了“貨幣戰(zhàn)”，對(duì)中國(guó)只有害、少有利。舉個(gè)例子，人民幣匯率小幅回調(diào)以后，我曾經(jīng)問(wèn)過(guò)有關(guān)部門和主營(yíng)出口的企業(yè)，他們都希望人民幣匯率保持合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定。因?yàn)槿绻袌?chǎng)有一個(gè)持續(xù)貶值的預(yù)期，企業(yè)連出口長(zhǎng)單都拿不到。這怎么能夠有利于中國(guó)的出口呢？
We have no intention to boost exports by devaluing the yuan. This is not in keeping with our policy of structural adjustment. Still less do we want to see a global "currency war". As the Chinese economy has become so highly integrated into the global economy, a "currency war" would only bring more harm than good to China. As a matter of fact, after the small adjustment of the exchange rate, I once talked about this with relevant departments and some export-oriented firms in China. They said they hope the RMB exchange rate will remain basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level. Should there be market expectations of continued depreciation of the yuan, these companies could hardly get any long-term export order. How could this be beneficial for China's exports?

大家都知道，中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易中，大宗商品貿(mào)易占很大比重。今年1到8月份，中國(guó)進(jìn)口的原油是2.2億噸，比去年同期增長(zhǎng)了10%，大豆進(jìn)口同比增長(zhǎng)了7%，鐵礦石進(jìn)口與去年同期基本持平，進(jìn)口了6億多噸。但是大宗商品進(jìn)口價(jià)格下來(lái)了，有的下跌了40%、50%，這給我們也帶來(lái)了影響。關(guān)稅下來(lái)了，財(cái)政收入受到較大壓力。但是國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格不是我們能決定的，我們進(jìn)口量沒有下來(lái)，由于價(jià)格下降導(dǎo)致進(jìn)口額減少，應(yīng)該由誰(shuí)來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)？我想大家可以進(jìn)行討論。大家都知道，如果國(guó)際市場(chǎng)大宗商品價(jià)格有所回升，我們進(jìn)口關(guān)稅也可以多征收，這能夠用于改善我們的民生。同時(shí)，PPI也會(huì)有變化，這對(duì)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)、經(jīng)營(yíng)效益的改善是有利的，當(dāng)然這需要各方共同努力。
As you know, commodity trade takes up a large part in China's total foreign trade. Between January and August this year, China imported 220 million tons of crude oil, up by 10% over the previous year. Soy bean imports rose by 7%, and iron ore imports were over 600 million tons, more or less the same as last year. However, commodity prices have dropped significantly, with some plunging 40-50%. We have been affected as a result. There were less tariffs and hence the strains on China's public finance. But commodity prices are not something for us to decide. Total import volume has not declined, yet the value of imports has come down as a result of falling prices. Who should be held accountable for this? It is a topic that can be further discussed and debated. If international commodity prices rebound, we would get more import tariffs. This would mean more public money to spend on improving people's lives. There would be change in the PPI too, which is beneficial for improving corporate profitability and performance. This is an issue that requires joint efforts for a solution.

至于人民幣的國(guó)際化，將由市場(chǎng)來(lái)選擇，也要根據(jù)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的實(shí)際來(lái)推進(jìn)，它有一個(gè)過(guò)程，我們也會(huì)逐步推進(jìn)人民幣資本項(xiàng)下可兌換等措施。但有一點(diǎn)可以肯定，人民幣持續(xù)貶值一定是不利于人民幣國(guó)際化的，這不是我們的政策取向。中國(guó)愿意加入SDR，不僅是為了人民幣逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際化，也是盡一個(gè)發(fā)展中大國(guó)應(yīng)盡的國(guó)際責(zé)任。中國(guó)不是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之源，而是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力之源。
As for internationalization of the RMB, it should be a market-driven process. It needs to fit China's reality of economic development and will take some time. We will gradually achieve full convertibility of the RMB under capital accounts. One thing is certain: a continually devaluing RMB is not conducive to the RMB internationalization process. This is not our policy orientation. China wishes to join the SDR, not just for making the RMB more internationalized, but also for fulfilling China's due international responsibilities as a big developing country. China is not a source of risks for the global economy; China is a driver of world economic growth.

謝謝。
Thank you.

阿聯(lián)酋阿布拉吉集團(tuán)創(chuàng)始人及首席執(zhí)行官艾瑞·納維：非常感謝總理今天抽出時(shí)間與我們進(jìn)行開誠(chéng)布公的對(duì)話和交流，我的問(wèn)題是中國(guó)如何看待外商直接投資和在中國(guó)的投資環(huán)境，我相信這是很多跨國(guó)企業(yè)非常關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。外國(guó)企業(yè)都很關(guān)注中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的開放問(wèn)題，有一些外國(guó)企業(yè)擔(dān)心中國(guó)利用外資的政策會(huì)變化，擔(dān)心他們?cè)谥袊?guó)的投資優(yōu)勢(shì)有可能下降，擔(dān)心技術(shù)專利和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)等問(wèn)題。所以我想請(qǐng)問(wèn)，中國(guó)政府將采取什么樣的具體措施來(lái)推動(dòng)利用外商直接投資？
Arif Naqvi, Founder and CEO of the Abraaj Group: Thank you Your excellency for having this open dialogue with us. My question relates to FDI and investment environment. A lot of multinational companies are paying very close attention with doubt to the openness of China's domestic economy. Some are concerned about the Chinese government's policy change to foreign investment in the country, their diminishing advantage in investing in China and intellectual property rights protection. What new measures will the Chinese government take to boost FDI?

李克強(qiáng)：中國(guó)利用外商投資總的政策不會(huì)變，但具體政策確實(shí)在變化，而且是在向更多吸引外資、放開更寬領(lǐng)域的方向變化。比如今年我們繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大外資投資的領(lǐng)域，限制類條目取消了50%，為了推動(dòng)外資投資的便利化，我們把核準(zhǔn)制基本上改為了備案制，大概現(xiàn)在保留的需要核準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目也只有不到5%。同時(shí)，我們正在探索以準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單的管理模式，推進(jìn)中美、中歐投資協(xié)定的審議，同很多國(guó)家進(jìn)行FTA談判?？梢哉f(shuō)，外資進(jìn)入中國(guó)的領(lǐng)域會(huì)更為寬廣，方式會(huì)更為便利。我們吸引外資的能力實(shí)際上也在增強(qiáng)，在全球今年投資不佳的情況下，中國(guó)上半年吸引外資還增長(zhǎng)了7.7%。
Li Keqiang: On the whole, there has been no change in China's overall policy on FDI. But in specific areas, there have been new steps taken or new measures introduced. These steps have opened more areas to foreign investors and will help China attract more foreign investment. For example, the number of items where restrictions were imposed on foreign investment access has been slashed by 50%. We are also taking steps to facilitate foreign investment. We have replaced past practice of comprehensive review and approval with the practice of record keeping. The number of items requiring government approval only accounts for 5% of the total. We are promoting a management model based on pre-establishment national treatment and a negative list approach. We are conducting BIT reviews with the United States and the European Union, and FTA negotiations with many countries. Foreign investment will be able to get into more areas in an easier way in China. We are also becoming more capable of attracting foreign direct investment. With global foreign investment in decline, FDI flowing into China still grew by 7.7%in the first half of this year.

我們正在實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)略，推動(dòng)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新，這本身就需要保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，需要營(yíng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的營(yíng)商環(huán)境，對(duì)在中國(guó)注冊(cè)的外資企業(yè)和中國(guó)企業(yè)一視同仁，不管是合資還是獨(dú)資。但不要誤解，不是說(shuō)沒在中國(guó)注冊(cè)的企業(yè)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)就可以侵犯，那是中國(guó)法律不允許、世界公理也不允許的。
In the meantime, we are pursuing innovation-driven development and encouraging mass entrepreneurship and innovation. This requires that we better protect intellectual property rights and ensure that there is a level-playing field for all market entities.All foreign invested companies registered in China will be treated as equals as their Chinese counterparts, be they joint ventures or solely owned foreign companies. But don't get me wrong: this does not mean thatforeign companies which are not registered in China will not have theirintellectual property protected in China. Otherwise, it is against not only Chinese laws but also internationally accepted practices.

謝謝。
Thank you.

荷蘭皇家帝斯曼集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)兼首席執(zhí)行官謝白曼：中國(guó)政府近期采取了一系列強(qiáng)有力的舉措應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化挑戰(zhàn)，治理環(huán)境污染。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，北京的空氣變得很好。請(qǐng)問(wèn)中國(guó)政府在治理環(huán)境污染方面，面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是什么？中國(guó)在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面作出了新的承諾，如何在保持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)？
Feike Sijbesma, Chairman and CEO of DSM: The Chinese government in recent period has shown strong resolve to address climate change and fight pollution. We hope step by step Beijing will get cleaner air. My question is what are the challenges China is facing in addressing climate change and pollution? And while addressing that, can you maintain your economic growth? Or is pollution a precondition for maintaining economic growth?

李克強(qiáng)：由于時(shí)間有限，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我簡(jiǎn)要回答。在治理環(huán)境污染方面我們受到的最大挑戰(zhàn)是，中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，但中國(guó)又必須轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式，承擔(dān)應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的國(guó)際責(zé)任，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。這兩者之間并非沒有矛盾，我們需要找到一個(gè)平衡。中國(guó)已經(jīng)宣布了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)方案，實(shí)現(xiàn)這里面提出的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該說(shuō)對(duì)中國(guó)壓力還是很大的，需要經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦卓絕的努力。當(dāng)然，我們既然說(shuō)了，就要“言必信、行必果”。
Li Keqiang: As we both have only limited time, allow me to give abrief answer to your question. The biggest challenge China faces in controlling pollution is that China is still a large developing country, yet it needs to shift the growth model and assume due international responsibilities in tackling climate change. There is a certain conflict of interests, and we need to strike a balance between the two. Not long ago, China announced its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. China faces tremendous pressure in meeting these goals and will have to make enormous efforts. However, now that we have made those commitments, we will deliver on our commitment with concrete actions.

中國(guó)不斷加強(qiáng)生態(tài)保護(hù)，尤其是加大節(jié)能減排和污染治理的力度。今年上半年單位GDP能耗下降了5.9%，我們還會(huì)繼續(xù)按這個(gè)方向推動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展、綠色發(fā)展。但是，我也希望不要因?yàn)橹袊?guó)加大環(huán)保力度，可能影響一些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的速度，又造成一種聲音，“是不是經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩了”、“拖累實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)了”。我們正在采取措施，努力培育綠色的、節(jié)能的，又能支持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的新動(dòng)力，比如發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋等新業(yè)態(tài)、新產(chǎn)業(yè)。當(dāng)然，這需要有一個(gè)過(guò)程。
The Chinese government is taking steps to advance ecological conservation. In particular, we are intensifying efforts to save energy, cut emissions and control pollution. In the first half of this year, we managed to bring down per unit GDP energy consumption by 5.9%. We will continue to shift the growth model and promote green development. As China steps up efforts in environmental protection, the growth speed may have been affected. This may have caused concerns that the economy is slowing downand the real economy is being affected. We are working hard to foster green and energy-efficient industries that can be new drivers of growth, such as "Internet plus" and other new business models and industries. But again this needs a process.

謝謝。
Thank you.